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Chen J, Wang FL, Chen WD. Modulation of apoptosis-related cell signalling pathways by curcumin as a strategy to inhibit tumor progression. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4583-94. [PMID: 24604727 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is resistance to apoptosis, with both the loss of proapoptotic signals and the gain of anti-apoptotic mechanisms contributing to tumorigenesis. As inducing apoptosis in malignant cells is one of the most challenging tasks regarding cancer, researchers increasingly focus on natural products to regulate apoptotic signaling pathways. Curcumin, a polyphenolic derivative of turmeric, is a natural compound derived from Curcuma longa, has attracted great interest in the research of cancer during the last half century. Extensive studies revealed that curcumin has chemopreventive properties, which are mainly due to its ability to arrest cell cycle and to induce apoptosis in cancer cells either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or radiation. The underlying action mechanisms of curcumin are diverse and has not been elucidated so far. By regulating multiple important cellular signalling pathways including NF-κB, TRAIL, PI3 K/Akt, JAK/STAT, Notch-1, JNK, etc., curcumin are known to activate cell death signals and induce apoptosis in pre-cancerous or cancer cells without affecting normal cells, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. Several phase I and phase II clinical trials indicate that curcumin is quite safe and may exhibit therapeutic efficacy. This article reviews the main effects of curcumin on the different apoptotic signaling pathways involved in curcumin induced apoptosis in cancer cells via cellular transduction pathways and provides an in depth assessment of its pharmacological activity in the management of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, People's Republic of China,
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Noninvasive monitoring of pharmacodynamics and kinetics of a death receptor 5 antibody and its enhanced apoptosis induction in sequential application with doxorubicin. Neoplasia 2014; 15:863-74. [PMID: 23908588 DOI: 10.1593/neo.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis plays a crucial role in the response of tumors to treatment. Thus, we investigated the pharmacodynamics and tumor saturation kinetics of a death receptor 5 antibody (anti-DR5) when combined with chemotherapeutics. For our investigations, we applied an imaging method that allows monitoring of apoptosis noninvasively in living mice. A stably transfected apoptosis reporter based on split luciferase technology facilitates to screen various chemotherapeutics and anti-DR5 on their ability to induce apoptosis in glioblastoma cells in vitro as well as in vivo. We found that doxorubicin (DOX) treatment in vitro led to significant apoptosis induction within 48 hours and to a 2.3-fold increased anti-DR5 binding to the cell surface. In contrast, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment altered anti-DR5 binding only marginally. Induction of apoptosis by treatment with anti-DR5 was dose- and time-dependent (both in vitro and in vivo). Simultaneous visualization of fluorescence-labeled anti-DR5 in tumor tissue and apoptosis revealed maximal apoptosis induction immediately after the compound had reached tumor site. Regarding combination therapy of anti-DR5 and DOX, we found that the sequential application of DOX before anti-DR5 resulted in synergistically enhanced apoptosis reporter activity. In striking contrast, anti-DR5 given before DOX did not lead to increased apoptosis induction. We suggest that DOX-induced recruitment of DR5 to the cell surface impacts the enhanced apoptotic effect that can be longitudinally monitored by apoptosis imaging. This study demonstrates that the combination of apoptosis and fluorescence imaging is an excellent method for optimizing dosing and treatment schedules in preclinical cancer models.
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Kim EY, Kim AK. Apigenin Sensitizes Huh-7 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to TRAIL-induced Apoptosis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:62-7. [PMID: 24116276 PMCID: PMC3792203 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.1.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising agent for management of cancer because of its selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells. However, some cancer cells have resistance to TRAIL. Accordingly, novel treatment strategies are required to overcome TRAIL resistance. Here, we examined the synergistic apoptotic effect of apigenin in combination with TRAIL in Huh-7 cells. We found that combined treatment of TRAIL and apigenin markedly inhibited Huh-7 cell growth compared to either agent alone by inducing apoptosis. Combined treatment with apigenin and TRAIL induced chromatin condensation and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In addition, enhanced apoptosis by TRAIL/apigenin combination was quantified by annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis. Western blot analysis suggested that apigenin sensitizes cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by activating both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway-related caspases. The augmented apoptotic effect by TRAIL/apigenin combination was accompanied by triggering mitochondria-dependent signaling pathway, as indicated by Bax/Bcl-2 ratio up-regulation. Our results demonstrate that combination of TRAIL and apigenin facilitates apoptosis in Huh-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Womens University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
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AXL mediates TRAIL resistance in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Neoplasia 2013; 15:296-304. [PMID: 23479507 DOI: 10.1593/neo.122044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase is a frequent finding that has been associated with poor prognosis in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). As the majority of EAC are intrinsically resistant to DNA-damaging therapies, an alternative therapeutic approach based on the activation of death receptors may be warranted. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been evaluated in clinical trials and found promising as anticancer agent with mild side effects; unfortunately, resistance to TRAIL remains a major clinical problem. Herein, we explored the role of AXL in TRAIL resistance and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Overexpression of AXL in OE33 and OE19 cells promoted cell survival and attenuated TRAIL-induced cellular and molecular markers of apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of endogenous AXL sensitized FLO-1 cells to TRAIL. The mechanism by which AXL regulates TRAIL resistance was examined. Protein and mRNA expression of DR4 and DR5 death receptors was not downregulated by AXL. In addition, the possible involvement of FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) in regulating the interaction of caspase-8 with Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) was excluded, as AXL did not enhance FLIP expression or FLIP/FADD association. Alternatively, protein association of AXL with DR5, independent of TRAIL, was confirmed, suggesting that AXL could regulate DR5 receptor activity. The AXL/DR5 association had no negative effect on TRAIL-induced interaction with FADD. However, the AXL/DR5 interaction blocked the recruitment of caspase-8 to the death-inducing signal complex (DISC). Collectively, our findings uncover a novel mechanism of TRAIL resistance mediated by AXL through regulation of the DISC and provide strong evidence that AXL could be exploited as a therapeutic target to circumvent TRAIL resistance.
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Wu JH, Wang HF, Wang ZC, Xu K, Qi YL, Li JH, Gong SL, Liu Y, Liu Y. Conditionally replicating adenovirus combined with gene-targeted radiotherapy induces apoptosis via TRAIL death receptors in MDA-MB-231 cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:299-305. [PMID: 23708314 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are usually treated using monotherapies, which are not always effective. Therefore, combination therapies have gained increasing attention. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRAd) in combination with X-ray irradiation on the proliferation and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells, as well as to determine the molecular mechanisms involved. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated simultaneously with CRAd and X-ray irradiation. Then, cell viability was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry with Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double-staining. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), death receptor 5 (DR5), caspase-3 and caspase-8 mRNA was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of TRAIL, DR5, caspase-3 and caspase-8 protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that CRAd, in combination with irradiation, inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and significantly increased the expression of TRAIL, DR5, caspase-3 and caspase-8 mRNA and proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, three aspects, including the targeted killing effect of CRAd, the apoptosis-promoting role of TRAIL and the direct killing effect of ionizing radiation to MDA-MB-231 cells, contribute to the mechanisms of CRAd in combination with irradiation to inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. The pro-apoptotic effect may involve the interaction between TRAIL, DR5, caspase-3 and caspase-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
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Wu MS, Wang GF, Zhao ZQ, Liang Y, Wang HB, Wu MY, Min P, Chen LZ, Feng QS, Bei JX, Zeng YX, Yang D. Smac mimetics in combination with TRAIL selectively target cancer stem cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1728-37. [PMID: 23699656 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common malignancy in Southern China. After radiotherapy and chemotherapy, a considerable proportion of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma suffered tumor relapse and metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been shown with resistance against therapies and thus considered as the initiator of recurrence and metastasis in tumors, where the antiapoptotic property of CSCs play an important role. Smac/DIABLO is an inverse regulator for the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family (IAP), which have been involved in apoptosis. Here, the effects of Smac mimetics on the CSCs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were studied both in vitro and in vivo, using two clones of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 as models. We found that one of the clones, S18, had CSC-like properties and IAPs were overexpressed. The combination of Smac mimetics and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can reduce the percentage of SP cells and inhibit the colony- and sphere-forming abilities of S18 cells, indicating their ability to attenuate the CSCs. Moreover, in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenograft model, the administration of Smac mimetics in combination with TRAIL also led to the elimination of nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells. Furthermore, the Smac mimetics in combination with TRAIL induced the degradation of cIAP1 and XIAP and thus induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data show that Smac mimetics exerted an antitumor effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cancer stem cells, and this combination treatment should be considered as a promising strategy for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Si Wu
- Corresponding Authors: Yi-Xin Zeng, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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LIRDPRAPAMONGKOL KRIENGSAK, SAKURAI HIROAKI, ABDELHAMED SHERIF, YOKOYAMA SATORU, ATHIKOMKULCHAI SIRIVAN, VIRIYAROJ AMORNRAT, AWALE SURESH, RUCHIRAWAT SOMSAK, SVASTI JISNUSON, SAIKI IKUO. Chrysin overcomes TRAIL resistance of cancer cells through Mcl-1 downregulation by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:329-37. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sharma S, de Vries EG, Infante JR, Oldenhuis CN, Gietema JA, Yang L, Bilic S, Parker K, Goldbrunner M, Scott JW, Burris HA. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the DR5 antibody LBY135 alone and in combination with capecitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2013; 32:135-44. [PMID: 23589214 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-9952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, biologic activity, and antitumor efficacy of the DR5 antibody, LBY135 ± capecitabine. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Escalating LBY135 was administered every 21 days, alone (Arm1) or with capecitabine (Arm2), to patients with advanced solid tumors. RESULTS In Arm1 (n = 40), LBY135 (0.3-40 mg/kg) resulted in no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs); adverse events (AEs) included fatigue, hypotension, abdominal pain, dyspnea, and nausea. Stable disease (SD) was observed in 21/38 (55.3 %) patients. In Arm2 (n = 33), LBY135 (1-40 mg/kg) plus capecitabine resulted in 3 DLTs (each grade 3): dehydration and mucosal inflammation (1 mg/kg), colitis (20 mg/kg), and diarrhea (40 mg/kg). AEs included fatigue, nausea, dyspnea, and vomiting. Partial response was observed in 2 patients (rectal and breast cancer) and SD in 12/27 (44.4 %) patients. Mean elimination half-life of LBY135 ± capecitabine at saturation of clearance (≥10 mg/kg) ranged between 146 h and 492 h. Immunogenicity was detected in 16/73 (22 %) patients, of which 6 patients experienced reduced LBY135 exposure with repeat dosing. M30/M65 levels were not predictive for LBY135 response. FDG-PET responses were not consistently associated with RECIST responses. CONCLUSIONS LBY135 was well tolerated up to 40 mg/kg, the maximal dose administered; no MTD for LBY135 ± capecitabine was defined. Clearance was saturated at doses ≥10 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Sharma
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Suite 3380, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA,
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Szliszka E, Krol W. Polyphenols Isolated from Propolis Augment TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:731940. [PMID: 23573148 PMCID: PMC3615595 DOI: 10.1155/2013/731940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data support the concept that phenols and polyphenols in diet are safe and nontoxic, and have long-lasting beneficial effects on human health. The potential target for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) research has been on the discovery of natural compounds that can be used in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Propolis is one of the richest sources of plant phenolics (flavonoids and phenolic acids). The ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and its polyphenols possess immunomodulatory, chemopreventive, and antitumor effects. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a naturally occurring anticancer agent that preferentially induces apoptosis in cancer cells and is not toxic to normal cells. Endogenous TRAIL plays a significant role in immunosurveillance and defense against cancer cells. However, as more tumor cells are reported to be resistant to TRAIL-mediated death, it is important to develop new strategies to overcome this resistance. EEP and polyphenols isolated from propolis have been shown to sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In this paper we demonstrate for the first time the crucial role of the main phenolics isolated from propolis in enhancing TRAIL-mediated death in tumor cells for cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wojciech Krol
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41 808 Zabrze, Poland
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Ku70 acetylation and modulation of c-Myc/ATF4/CHOP signaling axis by SIRT1 inhibition lead to sensitization of HepG2 cells to TRAIL through induction of DR5 and down-regulation of c-FLIP. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:711-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Bi W, Wei Y, Wu J, Sun G, Guo Y, Zhang Q, Dong L. MADD promotes the survival of human lung adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1533-9. [PMID: 23443411 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MAPK-activating death domain protein (MADD) binds to the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor and acts as a key downstream mediator in the TRAIL-induced apoptosis pathway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of MADD in normal human and adenocarcinoma tissues of the lungs and its influence on proliferation and apoptosis of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of MADD in normal and tumor tissues of the lungs. Expression of the MADD gene in A549 cells was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A549 cells were transfected with plasmids carrying the DNA fragment encoding MADD and lentiviral vectors used for RNA interference, respectively. MADD expression in the transfected A549 cells was determined by western blotting. Proliferation and apoptosis were detected using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. It was found that non-small cell lung cancer tissues expressed MADD at higher levels compared to normal lung tissues, and the level of MADD in lung adenocarcinoma was higher compared to that in lung squamous cell carcinoma. MADD was expressed in A549 cells. Both introduction of the DNA fragment encoding MADD and RNA interference targeting MADD effectively altered levels of MADD in the A549 cells. Overexpression of MADD in the A549 cells inhibited apoptosis and increased survival whereas abrogation of MADD promoted apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation. These results suggest that MADD may be a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma therapy involving the TRAIL-induced apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Bi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
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Stoehr G, Schaab C, Graumann J, Mann M. A SILAC-based approach identifies substrates of caspase-dependent cleavage upon TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1436-50. [PMID: 23319142 PMCID: PMC3650350 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.024679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular ligand-induced extrinsic pathway of apoptosis is executed via caspase protease cascades that activate downstream effectors by means of site-directed proteolysis. Here we identify proteome changes upon the induction of apoptosis by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in a Jurkat T cell line. We detected caspase-dependent cleavage substrates by quantifying protein intensities before and after TRAIL induction in SDS gel slices. Apoptotic protein cleavage events are identified by a characteristic stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) ratio pattern across gel slices that results from differential migration of the cleaved and uncleaved proteins. We applied a statistical test to define apoptotic substrates in the proteome. Our approach identified more than 650 of these cleaved proteins in response to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, including many previously unknown substrates and cleavage sites. Inhibitor treatment combined with triple SILAC demonstrated that the detected cleavage events were caspase dependent. Proteins located in the lumina of organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were significantly underrepresented in the substrate population. Interestingly, caspase cleavage is generally observed in not only one but several members of stable complexes, but often with lower stoichiometry. For instance, all five proteins of the condensin I complex were cleaved upon TRAIL treatment. The apoptotic substrate proteome data can be accessed and visualized in the MaxQB database and might prove useful for basic and clinical research into TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The technology described here is extensible to a wide range of other proteolytic cleavage events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Stoehr
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Kim EY, Yu JS, Yang M, Kim AK. Sub-toxic dose of apigenin sensitizes HepG2 cells to TRAIL through ERK-dependent up-regulation of TRAIL receptor DR5. Mol Cells 2013; 35:32-40. [PMID: 23224239 PMCID: PMC3887848 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-2175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is regarded as a promising candidate for anticancer therapy due to its selective toxicity to cancer cells. Nevertheless, because of TRAIL resistance in some cancer cells, combined treatment with sensitizing agents is required to enhance the anticancer potential of TRAIL. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of apigenin-induced sensitization of HepG2 cells to TRAIL-induced cell death. Synergistic induction of apoptosis by combination was confirmed by examining the typical morphology changes of apoptosis, PARP-cleavage, and activation of effector caspases. Z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, inhibited the enhanced cell death by combined treatment of apigenin and TRAIL, demonstrating that a caspase-dependent pathway is involved in apigenin/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. In addition, we found that apigenin/ TRAIL co-treatment up-regulates DR5 cell surface expression. The synergistic induction of cell death by the apigenin/ TRAIL combination was significantly attenuated by DR5 blocking chimera antibody. Next, using pharmacological inhibitors, we found that ERK activation is involved in the induction of DR5 expression. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by U0126 significantly decreased the apigenin/TRAIL-induced DR5 expression and apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that apigenin can enhance the apoptotic effect of TRAIL via ERK-induced up-regulation of DR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Ji Sun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Mihi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - An Keun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
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Kottarathil VD, Antony MA, Nair IR, Pavithran K. Recent advances in granulosa cell tumor ovary: a review. Indian J Surg Oncol 2012; 4:37-47. [PMID: 24426698 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-012-0201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulosa cell tumors constitute less than 5 % of all ovarian tumors. Unlike epithelial ovarian tumors, they occur in a younger age group, are usually detected in an early stage and often have features of hyperestrogenism. The presenting symptoms are usually nonspecific with abdominal pain or distension. They follow an indolent course and are characterized by a long natural history. Mutation of FOXL2 (402C->G) seen in 97 % of adult GCT may be pathognomonic for adult GCT. Only stage of the disease has been consistently shown in various studies to affect survival of patients with GCT. The initial management of patients, for whom fertility is not an issue, is total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and removal of all gross disease. Nodal dissection is not a significant factor for survival and is not recommended in surgical staging of GCT. Fertility preserving surgery with unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is feasible in young patients with stage Ia GCT. Patients with early stage disease (stage I and II) have a very good prognosis with 5 year DFS and OS of 89 % and 99 % respectively and these groups of patients usually don't require any postoperative treatment. Patients with stage Ic disease associated with poor prognostic factors like large tumor size or high mitotic index and stage II, have a higher chance of relapse, and may benefit with postoperative treatment but role of chemotherapy is still debatable. In advanced stage disease (stage III and IV) the 5 year DFS and OS disease was 72 % and 80 % respectively hence the option of postoperative treatment with 6 cycles of BEP should be considered in this group. Recently paclitaxel is being investigated as an effective tool in GCT. The efficacy of radiation in GCT is not well defined but in optimally debulked cases postoperative radiation is a viable option. Due to high chance of recurrence even years after apparent clinical cure of the primary tumor, lifelong follow up with clinical examination and tumor markers like inhibin B is recommended. About 25 % GCT develop recurrence and the median time to recur is usually 4-5 years. Most recurrences are intraperitoneal and usually a complete debulking of the disease is feasible even in the recurrent setting. Postoperative chemotherapy (platinum based) is usually given after surgery more so in cases with widespread disease or after suboptimal cytoreduction. Recurrent chemoresistant, progressive non-responding GCT or patients with high surgical risk are ideal candidates for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar Dehannathparambil Kottarathil
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O, Kochi, Kerala India 682041 ; 710, Sunny Palace, Changampuzha Samadhi Road, Edapally, Kochi, Kerala 682024 India
| | - Michelle Aline Antony
- Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O, Kochi, Kerala India 682041
| | - Indu R Nair
- Department of Pathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O, Kochi, Kerala India 682041
| | - Keechilat Pavithran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O, Kochi, Kerala India 682041
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Yuan XW, Ge XQ, Sun XT, Ding YT. Intravenous administration of endothelial progenitor cells transfected with the TRAIL gene inhibits the growth of tumors derived from H22 cells in nude mice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:2986-2991. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i31.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the influence of intravenous administration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) transfected with the TRAIL gene on the growth of tumors derived from subcutaneously inoculated H22 cells in nude mice to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of liver cancer.
METHODS: The TRAIL gene was amplified by PCR, cloned into the pcDNA3.1 vector, and transfected into EPCs. The expression of TRAIL protein was detected by Western blot. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with H22 cells to induce tumor formation. Tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into three groups and injected via the tail vein with EPCs transfected with the recombinant adenoviral vector carrying the TRAIL gene, the empty vector, and normal saline, respectively.
RESULTS: Restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing analyses indicate that the recombinant plasmid was constructed successfully. TRAIL expression was detected in EPCs transfected with the recombinant adenoviral vector by Western blot. The rate of reduced tumor growth was 47.77% in mice administered with EPCs carrying the TRAIL gene. Tumor volume and weight in the experimental group (0.791 cm3 ± 0.119 cm3, 0.29 g ± 0.04 g) were significantly lower than those in the two control groups (all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The recombinant plasmid carrying the TRAIL gene has been successfully constructed. Intravenous administration of endothelial progenitor cells transfected with the TRAIL gene inhibits the growth of tumors derived from H22 cells in nude mice.
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Gopalan A, Yu W, Jiang Q, Jang Y, Sanders BG, Kline K. Involvement of de novo ceramide synthesis in gamma-tocopherol and gamma-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1803-11. [PMID: 23065795 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study further examines mechanisms involved in the pro-apoptotic action of gamma-tocopherol (γT) and gamma-tocotrienol (γT3) in human breast cancer cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS γT upregulates phospho-JNK (pJNK), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and death receptor-5 (DR5) protein expression as detected by Western blot assays. siRNA knockdown of JNK, CHOP, or DR5 shows that γT-induced apoptosis is JNK/CHOP/DR5 signaling dependent, which is similar to γT3-mediated apoptotic signaling. Furthermore, both γT and γT3 induce increased levels of cellular ceramides and dihydroceramides as determined by LC-MS/MS analyses. Inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis using chemical inhibitors blocked the ability of γT and γT3 to induce apoptosis as detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and to activate JNK/CHOP/DR5 pro-apoptotic signaling thereby demonstrating the involvement of de novo ceramide synthesis in γT- and γT3-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Taken together, data show that both γT and γT3 induce apoptosis via de novo ceramide synthesis dependent activation of JNK/CHOP/DR5 pro-apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Gopalan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Ethanol promotes cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand through induction of reactive oxygen species in prostate cancer cells. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2012; 16:16-22. [PMID: 22986577 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2012.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) remains a major challenge due to chemoresistance to drugs including tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Ethanol and ethanol extracts are known apoptosis inducers. However, cytotoxic effects of ethanol on PCa cells are unclear. METHODS In this study we utilized PC3 and LNCaP cell culture models. We used immunohistochemical analysis, western blot analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) Cell Proliferation Assay, Annexin-V staining and flow cytometry for quantification of apoptosis. In vitro soft agar colony formation and Boyden chamber invasion assays were used. Tumorigenicity was measured in a xenotransplantation mouse model. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that ethanol enhances the apoptosis-inducing potential of TRAIL in androgen-resistant PC3 cells and sensitizes TRAIL-resistant, androgen sensitive LNCaP cells to apoptosis through caspase activation, and a complete cleavage of poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase, which was in association with increased production of ROS. The cytotoxicity of ethanol was suppressed by an antioxidant N-acetyl cystein pretreatment. Furthermore, ethanol in combination with TRAIL increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and decreased the levels of Bcl-2 and phosphorylated-AKT. These molecular changes were accompanied by decreased proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and invasive potential of PC3 and LNCaP cells. In vivo studies using a xenotransplantation mouse model with PC3 cells demonstrated significantly increased apoptosis in tumors treated with ethanol and TRAIL in combination. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, use of ethanol in combination with TRAIL may be an effective strategy to augment sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in PCa cells.
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de Wilt LHAM, Kroon J, Jansen G, de Jong S, Peters GJ, Kruyt FAE. Bortezomib and TRAIL: a perfect match for apoptotic elimination of tumour cells? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 85:363-72. [PMID: 22944363 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytokine that selectively eradicates tumour cells via specific cell surface receptors and is intensively explored for use as a novel anticancer approach. To enhance the efficacy of TRAIL receptor agonists the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is one of the most potent sensitizers. Here we review the main mechanisms underlying bortezomib-dependent TRAIL sensitization, including stimulation of apoptosis by increasing expression of TRAIL receptors, reduction of cFLIP and enhancement of caspase 8 activation, and modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Concomitantly, pro-survival signals are suppressed such as elicited by NF-κB and Akt. The different preclinical tumour models explored with this combination, including primary tumour (stem) cells, stroma co-culture and mice models, are discussed, as well as possible hurdles for clinical activity. Collectively, anticipating a solid rationale for bortezomib-TRAIL combination and very promising preclinical results, its clinical activity remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H A M de Wilt
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Huangfu WC, Fuchs SY. Ubiquitination-dependent regulation of signaling receptors in cancer. Genes Cancer 2012; 1:725-34. [PMID: 21127735 DOI: 10.1177/1947601910382901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of signaling cell surface receptors is a key mechanism regulating the availability of these receptors to interact with extracellular ligands. Accordingly, this regulation determines the sensitivity of cells to the humoral and locally secreted regulators of cell function, proliferation, and viability. Alterations in receptor ubiquitination and degradation are often encountered in cancers. Malignant cells utilize modified ubiquitination of signaling receptors to augment or attenuate signaling pathways on the basis of whether the outcome of this signaling is conducive or not for tumor growth and survival. These mechanisms as well as their significance for the treatment of human cancers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Huangfu
- Department of Animal Biology and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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ZHU HONG, ZHAO FEN, YU SHUIJING, HE JIANPING, DENG LICONG, YI CHENG, HUANG YING. The synergistic effects of low-dose irinotecan and TRAIL on TRAIL-resistant HT-29 colon carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:1087-94. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Labovsky V, Vallone VBF, Martinez LM, Otaegui J, Chasseing NA. Expression of osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1 and their receptors in epithelial metastatic breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:29. [PMID: 22709548 PMCID: PMC3478192 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While breast cancer (BC) is the major cause of death among women worldwide, there is no guarantee of better patient survival because many of these patients develop primarily metastases, despite efforts to detect it in its early stages. Bone metastasis is a common complication that occurs in 65-80 % of patients with disseminated disease, but the molecular basis underlying dormancy, dissemination and establishment of metastasis is not understood. Our objective has been to evaluate simultaneously osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and their receptors (R) in 2 human BC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. METHODS OPG, RANKL, TRAIL and SDF-1 expression and release, in addition to the expression of their receptors has been investigated using immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry and ELISA analyses. RESULTS MCF-7 cells released higher levels of OPG in conditioned media (CM) than MDA-MB-231 cells; 100 % of both types of cell expressed OPG, RANKL, TRAIL and SDF-1. Moreover, 100 % in both lines expressed membrane RANKL and RANK, whereas only 50 % expressed CXCR4. Furthermore, 100 % expressed TRAIL-R1 and R4, 30-50 % TRAIL-R2, and 40-55 % TRAIL-R3. CONCLUSIONS MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells not only released OPG, but expressed RANKL, TRAIL and SDF-1. The majority of the cells also expressed RANK, CXCR4 and TRAIL-R. Since these ligands and their receptors are implicated in the regulation of proliferation, survival, migration and future bone metastasis during breast tumor progression, assessment of these molecules in tumor biopsies of BC patients could be useful in identifying patients with more aggressive tumors that are also at risk of bone metastasis, which may thus improve the available options for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Labovsky
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-Hematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a central organelle in eukaryotic cells that functions in protein synthesis and maturation, and also functions as a calcium storage organelle. Perturbation of ER functions leads to ER stress, which has been previously associated with a broad variety of diseases. ER stress is generally regarded as compensatory, but prolonged ER stress can activate apoptotic pathways in damaged cells. For this reason, pharmacological interventions that effectively enhance tumor death through ER stress have been the subject of a great deal of attention for anti-cancer therapy. Cryptotanshinone, the major active constituent isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been recently evaluated for its anti-cancer activity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities remain poorly understood. In particular, it remains completely unknown as to whether or not cryptotanshinone can induce ER stress. Herein, we identify cryptotanshinone as a potent stimulator of ER stress, leading to apoptosis in many cancer cell lines, including HepG2 hepatoma and MCF7 breast carcinoma, and also demonstrate that mitogen-activated protein kinases function as mediators in this process. Reactive oxygen species generated by cryptotanshinone have been shown to play a critical role in ER stress-induced apoptosis. Cryptotanshinone also evidenced sensitizing effects to a broad range of anti-cancer agents including Fas/Apo-1, TNF-α, cisplatin, etoposide or 5-FU through inducing ER stress, highlighting the therapeutic potential in the treatment of human hepatoma and breast cancer.
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Liu S, Guo Y, Huang R, Li J, Huang S, Kuang Y, Han L, Jiang C. Gene and doxorubicin co-delivery system for targeting therapy of glioma. Biomaterials 2012; 33:4907-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Belkhiri A, Zhu S, Chen Z, Soutto M, El-Rifai W. Resistance to TRAIL is mediated by DARPP-32 in gastric cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3889-900. [PMID: 22589394 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32,000 (DARPP-32), is overexpressed during the gastric carcinogenesis cascade. Here, we investigated the role of DARPP-32 in promoting resistance to treatment with TRAIL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro cell models including stable expression and knockdown of DARPP-32 were used. The role of DARPP-32 in regulating TRAIL-dependent apoptosis was evaluated by clonogenic survival assay, Annexin V staining, immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, Western blot, and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS Stable expression of DARPP-32 in MKN-28 cells enhanced cell survival and suppressed TRAIL-induced cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3. Conversely, short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous DARPP-32 sensitized the resistant MKN-45 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and enhanced TRAIL-mediated activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3. DARPP-32 induced BCL-xL expression through activation of Src/STAT3 signaling, and treatment with the Src-specific inhibitor PP1 abrogated DARPP-32-dependent BCL-xL upregulation and cell survival in MKN-28 cells. The TRAIL treatment induced caspase-dependent cleavage of NF-κBp65 protein; this cleavage was prevented by DARPP-32, thus maintaining NF-κB activity and the expression of its target, FLIP(S) protein. This suggests that upregulation of BCL-xL could play a possible role in blocking the mitochondria intrinsic apoptosis pathway, whereas the DARPP-32 effect on the NF-κB/FLIP(S) axis could serve as an additional negative feedback loop that blocks TRAIL-induced activation of caspase-8. CONCLUSION Our findings uncover a novel mechanism of TRAIL resistance mediated by DARPP-32, whereby it inhibits the intrinsic apoptosis pathway through upregulation of BCL-xL, and the extrinsic apoptosis pathway through the NF-κB/FLIP(S) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Wheatley MA, Cochran MC, Eisenbrey JR, Oum KL. Cellular signal transduction can be induced by TRAIL conjugated to microcapsules. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2602-11. [PMID: 22539118 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular agent tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis in tumor cells but spare normal cells. Ligation of TRAIL to a nanoparticle would serve to facilitate targeting to an extravascular site. Polymeric ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) (microencapsulated gas bubbles) can be tracked by ultrasound imaging, and fragmented into nanoparticles by focused ultrasound. This tumor-targeted delivery system has been shown to deliver more efficiently than solid nanoparticles. Additionally, small molecule inhibitors such as bortezomib, shown to sensitize TRAIL-resistant cells, could be co-administered within these UCA. In this pilot study, TRAIL was conjugated to UCA while preserving the agent's sensitivity to ultrasound. Human cancer cell lines, OVCAR-3 and A2058, were bathed with the TRAIL-UCA with and without the addition of bortezomib. Apoptosis was quantified using flow cytometry. OVCAR-3 treated with TRAIL-UCA exhibit significant (p < 0.05) apoptotosis compared to unmodified UCA, equal to positive controls, but no synergistic effect when combined with bortezomib. A2058 cells treated with TRAIL-UCA also exhibited significant apoptosis (p < 0.01) compared to unmodified UCA, similar to positive controls and bortezomib significantly increased apoptosis in combination with TRAIL-UCA. We conclude that TRAIL-ligated UCA show exciting potential as a new therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Wheatley
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Szliszka E, Czuba ZP, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Sieron-Stoltny K, Sieron A, Krol W. Chlorin-based photodynamic therapy enhances the effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in bladder cancer cells. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:BR47-53. [PMID: 22207109 PMCID: PMC3560668 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an attractive, emerging therapeutic procedure suitable for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death ligand that belongs to the TNF superfamily of cytokines. The ability of TRAIL to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells promotes the development of TRAIL-based cancer therapy. However, many tumor cells are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The purpose of the study was to overcome TRAIL-resistance in bladder cancer cells by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Material/Methods Three human bladder transitional cancer cell lines – T24, 647V and SW780 – were treated with TRAIL and/or chlorin-based PDT. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT and LDH assays and apoptosis was detected using annexin V by flow cytometry. Results Our test confirmed that T24 and 647V bladder cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL, whereas SW780 cells are sensitive to TRAIL. Then we examined the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of TRAIL in combination with chlorin e6-polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ce6-PVP)-mediated PDT on bladder cancer cells. We showed for the first time that pretreatment with a low dose of PDT significantly sensitizes bladder cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Chlorin-based PDT augments the effect of TRAIL on bladder cancer cells. Conclusions PDT with Ce6-PVP photosensitizer enhances the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of TRAIL on bladder cancer cells. The obtained results suggest that combined treatment by TRAIL and PDT may provide the basis for a new therapeutic approach to induce cell death in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szliszka
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
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Kim SY, Kim TH, Choi JH, Lee KC, Park KD, Lee SJ, Kuh HJ. Evaluation of interstitial protein delivery in multicellular layers model. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:531-41. [PMID: 22477201 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The limited efficacy of anticancer protein drugs is related to their poor distribution in tumor tissue. We examined interstitial delivery of four model proteins of different molecular size and bioaffinity in multicellular layers (MCL) of human cancer cells. Model proteins were tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-including ligand (TRAIL), cetuximab, RNase A, and IgG. MCLs were cultured in Transwell inserts, exposed to drugs, then cryo-sectioned for image acquisition using fluorescence microscopy (fluorescent dye-labeled TRAIL, RNase A, IgG) or immunohistochemistry (cetuximab). TRAIL and cetuximab showed partial penetration into MCLs, whereas RNase A and IgG showed insignificant penetration. At 10-fold higher dose, a significant increase in penetration was observed for IgG only, while cetuximab showed an intense accumulation limited to the front layers. PEGylated TRAIL and RNase A formulated in a heparin-Pluronic (HP) nanogel showed significantly improved penetration attributable to increased stability and extracellular matrix binding, respectively. IgG penetration was significantly enhanced with paclitaxel pretreatment as a penetration enhancer. The present study suggests that MCL culture may be useful in evaluation of protein delivery in the tumor interstitium. Four model proteins showed limited interstitial penetration in MCL cultures. Bioaffinity, rather than molecular size, seems to have a positive effect on tissue penetration, although high binding affinity may lead to sequestration in the front cell layers. Polymer conjugation and nanoformulation, such as PEGylation and HP nanogel, or use of penetration enhancers are potential strategies to increase interstitial delivery of anticancer protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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Kim HB, Kim MJ, Lee SH, Lee JW, Bae JH, Kim DW, Dao TT, Oh WK, Kang CD, Kim SH. Amurensin G, a novel SIRT1 inhibitor, sensitizes TRAIL-resistant human leukemic K562 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:402-10. [PMID: 22483777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many types of cancer cells remain resistant towards TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity by the blockade of apoptotic signaling cascades. Thus, sensitizers are needed to enhance the effect of TRAIL-based cancer therapies. Although synergistic tumor cell death has been reported when various HDAC inhibitors were administered with TRAIL in a variety of human cancers, the effect of inhibitors of Class III HDAC such as SIRT1 have not been reported. We reported here for the first time that inhibition of SIRT1 augmented the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of TRAIL on human leukemic K562 cells. Knockdown of SIRT1 or treatment with amurensin G, a potent new SIRT1 inhibitor, up-regulated the levels of DR5 and c-Myc and down-regulated the level of c-FLIP(L/S). Furthermore, knockdown of SIRT1 or treatment with amurensin G augmented the molecular responses to TRAIL, including activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3, PARP cleavage, up-regulation of Bax, and down-regulation of Bcl-2. Amurensin G-enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis was abrogated by caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. These findings suggest that the suppression of SIRT1 with siRNA or amurensin G sensitize the TRAIL-resistant K562 cell to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, possibly by the up-regulation of c-Myc and DR5 surface expression and the down-regulations of c-FLIP and Mcl-1. In addition, amurensin G, a potent new SIRT1 inhibitor, would be used as a sensitizer of TRAIL in TRAIL-resistant leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Bong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
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Guo L, Fan L, Ren J, Pang Z, Ren Y, Li J, Wen Z, Qian Y, Zhang L, Ma H, Jiang X. Combination of TRAIL and actinomycin D liposomes enhances antitumor effect in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1449-60. [PMID: 22619505 PMCID: PMC3356168 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intractability of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to multimodality treatments plays a large part in its extremely poor prognosis. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising cytokine for selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells; however, many NSCLC cell lines are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The therapeutic effect can be restored by treatments combining TRAIL with chemotherapeutic agents. Actinomycin D (ActD) can sensitize NSCLC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulation of death receptor 4 (DR4) or 5 (DR5). However, the use of ActD has significant drawbacks due to the side effects that result from its nonspecific biodistribution in vivo. In addition, the short half-life of TRAIL in serum also limits the antitumor effect of treatments combining TRAIL and ActD. In this study, we designed a combination treatment of long-circulating TRAIL liposomes and ActD liposomes with the aim of resolving these problems. The combination of TRAIL liposomes and ActD liposomes had a synergistic cytotoxic effect against A-549 cells. The mechanism behind this combination treatment includes both increased expression of DR5 and caspase activation. Moreover, systemic administration of the combination of TRAIL liposomes and ActD liposomes suppressed both tumor formation and growth of established subcutaneous NSCLC xenografts in nude mice, inducing apoptosis without causing significant general toxicity. These results provide preclinical proof-of-principle for a novel therapeutic strategy in which TRAIL liposomes are safely combined with ActD liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangran Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Picarda G, Surget S, Guiho R, Téletchéa S, Berreur M, Tirode F, Pellat-Deceunynck C, Heymann D, Trichet V, Rédini F. A functional, new short isoform of death receptor 4 in Ewing's sarcoma cell lines may be involved in TRAIL sensitivity/resistance mechanisms. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:336-46. [PMID: 22258765 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a high-grade neoplasm arising in bones of children and adolescents. Survival rate decreases from greater than 50% to only 20% after 5 years for patients not responding to treatment or presenting metastases at diagnosis. TRAIL, which has strong antitumoral activity, is a promising therapeutic candidate. To address TRAIL sensitivity, 7 human ES cell lines were used. Cell viability experiments [3'[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro-)benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) assay] showed that 4 of the 7 ES cell lines were resistant to TRAIL. Western blotting and flow cytometry analyses revealed that DR5 was uniformly expressed by all ES cell lines, whereas DR4 levels were higher in sensitive cell lines. In TRAIL-sensitive TC-71 cells, knockdown of TNFRSF10A/DR4 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was associated with a loss of sensitivity to TRAIL, in spite of DR5 presence. Interestingly, we identified a new transcript variant that results from an alternative splicing and encodes a 310-amino acid protein which corresponds to the 468 aa of DR4 original isoform but truncated of aa 11 to 168 within the extracellular TRAIL-binding domain. According to modeling studies, the contact of this new DR4 isoform (bDR4) with TRAIL seemed largely preserved. The overexpression of bDR4 in a TRAIL-resistant cell line restored TRAIL sensitivity. TRAIL resensitization was also observed after c-FLIP knockdown by shRNA in two TRAIL-resistant cell lines, as shown by XTT assay and caspase-3 assay. The results presented in this study showed that DR4, both as the complete form or as its new short isoform, is involved in TRAIL sensitivity in ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Picarda
- 1INSERM, Equipe labellisee LIGUE 2012 UMR 957, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, EA3822, Nantes, France
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Suppression of apoptosis inhibitor c-FLIP selectively eliminates breast cancer stem cell activity in response to the anti-cancer agent, TRAIL. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R88. [PMID: 21914219 PMCID: PMC3262200 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is postulated that breast cancer stem cells (bCSCs) mediate disease recurrence and drive formation of distant metastases - the principal cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. Therapeutic targeting of bCSCs, however, is hampered by their heterogeneity and resistance to existing therapeutics. In order to identify strategies to selectively remove bCSCs from breast cancers, irrespective of their clinical subtype, we sought an apoptosis mechanism that would target bCSCs yet would not kill normal cells. Suppression of the apoptosis inhibitor cellular FLICE-Like Inhibitory Protein (c-FLIP) partially sensitizes breast cancer cells to the anti-cancer agent Tumour Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL). Here we demonstrate in breast cancer cell lines that bCSCs are exquisitely sensitive to the de-repression of this pro-apoptotic pathway, resulting in a dramatic reduction in experimental metastases and the loss of bCSC self-renewal. METHODS Suppression c-FLIP was performed by siRNA (FLIPi) in four breast cancer cell lines and by conditional gene-knockout in murine mammary glands. Sensitivity of these cells to TRAIL was determined by complementary cell apoptosis assays, including a novel heterotypic cell assay, while tumour-initiating potential of cancer stem cell subpopulations was determined by mammosphere cultures, aldefluor assay and in vivo transplantation. RESULTS Genetic suppression of c-FLIP resulted in the partial sensitization of TRAIL-resistant cancer lines to the pro-apoptotic effects of TRAIL, irrespective of their cellular phenotype, yet normal mammary epithelial cells remained refractory to killing. While 10% to 30% of the cancer cell populations remained viable after TRAIL/FLIPi treatment, subsequent mammosphere and aldefluor assays demonstrated that this pro-apoptotic stimulus selectively targeted the functional bCSC pool, eliminating stem cell renewal. This culminated in an 80% reduction in primary tumours and a 98% reduction in metastases following transplantation. The recurrence of residual tumour initiating capacity was consistent with the observation that post-treated adherent cultures re-acquired bCSC-like properties in vitro. Importantly however this recurrent bCSC activity was attenuated following repeated TRAIL/FLIPi treatment. CONCLUSIONS We describe an apoptotic mechanism that selectively and repeatedly removes bCSC activity from breast cancer cell lines and suggest that a combined TRAIL/FLIPi therapy could prevent metastatic disease progression in a broad range of breast cancer subtypes.
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Szliszka E, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Czuba ZP, Sieron A, Krol W. Effect of ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy in combination with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on bladder cancer cells. Cent European J Urol 2011; 64:175-9. [PMID: 24578888 PMCID: PMC3921731 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2011.03.art18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photodynamic therapy (PDT), an alternative treatment modality for superficial bladder tumors is based on the interaction of a photosensitizer with light. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising candidate for anticancer therapy due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, not all tumor cells are sensitive to TRAIL. TRAIL-resistant cancer cells can be sensitized to TRAIL induced apoptosis by anticancer agents. OBJECTIVE We investigated the combined cytotoxic effect of TRAIL and PDT with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on bladder cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS THREE HUMAN BLADDER TRANSITIONAL CANCER CELL LINES: T24, 647V, and SW780 were treated with TRAIL and/or ALA-mediated PDT. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT and LDH assay. RESULTS Our study confirmed that T24 and 647V bladder cancer cells were resistant to TRAIL, whereas SW780 cells were sensitive to TRAIL. We therefore examined the cytotoxic effect of TRAIL in combination with ALA-mediated PDT on bladder cancer cells. We showed for the first time that pretreatment with low dose of PDT significantly sensitizes bladder cancer cells to TRAIL induced cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION ALA-mediated PDT augments the cytotoxic effect of TRAIL on transitional cancer cells of bladder. The obtained results suggest that combined treatment of TRAIL and PDT may provide the basis for a new strategy to induce cytotoxicity in bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szliszka
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Zenon P. Czuba
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksander Sieron
- Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krol
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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Freeman AK, Morrison DK. 14-3-3 Proteins: diverse functions in cell proliferation and cancer progression. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:681-7. [PMID: 21884813 PMCID: PMC3221730 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins were the first phosphoserine/phosphothreonine-binding proteins to be discovered, a finding that provided the foundation for their prominent role in cell signaling. 14-3-3 family members interact with a wide spectrum of proteins including transcription factors, biosynthetic enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, signaling molecules, apoptosis factors, and tumor suppressors. The interaction with 14-3-3 can have a profound effect on a target protein, altering its localization, stability, conformation, phosphorylation state, activity, and/or molecular interactions. Thus, by modulating the function of a diverse array of binding partners, 14-3-3 proteins have become key regulatory components in many vital cellular processes - processes that are crucial for normal growth and development and that often become dysregulated in human cancer. This review will examine the recent advances that further elucidate the role of 14-3-3 proteins in normal growth and cancer signaling with a particular emphasis on the signaling pathways that impact cell proliferation, cell migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson K. Freeman
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Deborah K. Morrison
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
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Martínez-Paniagua MA, Baritaki S, Huerta-Yepez S, Ortiz-Navarrete VF, González-Bonilla C, Bonavida B, Vega MI. Mcl-1 and YY1 inhibition and induction of DR5 by the BH3-mimetic Obatoclax (GX15-070) contribute in the sensitization of B-NHL cells to TRAIL apoptosis. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:2792-805. [PMID: 21822052 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.16.16952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pan Bcl-2 family antagonist Obatoclax (GX15-070), currently in clinical trials, was shown to sensitize TRAIL-resistant tumors to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via the release of Bak and Bim from Mcl-1 or Bcl-2/Bcl-XL complexes or by the activation of Bax, though other mechanisms were not examined. Herein, we hypothesize that Obatoclax-mediated sensitization to TRAIL apoptosis may also result from alterations of the apoptotic pathways. The TRAIL-resistant B-cell line Ramos was used as a model for investigation. Treatment of Ramos cells with Obatoclax significantly inhibited the expression of several members of the Bcl-2 family, dissociated Bak from Mcl-1 and inhibited the NFκB activity. Cells treated with Mcl-1 siRNA were sensitized to TRAIL apoptosis. We examined whether the sensitization of Ramos to TRAIL by Obatoclax resulted from signaling of the DR4 and/or DR5. Transfection with DR5 siRNA, but not with DR4 siRNA, sensitized the cells to apoptosis following treatment with Obatoclax and TRAIL. The signaling via DR5 correlated with Obatoclax-induced inhibition of the DR5 repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). Transfection with YY1 siRNA sensitized the cells to TRAIL apoptosis following treatment with Obatoclax and TRAIL. Overall, the present findings reveal a new mechanism of Obatoclax-induced sensitization to TRAIL apoptosis and the involvement of the inhibition of NFκB activity and downstream Mcl-1 and YY1 expressions and activities.
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TRAIL and doxorubicin combination enhances anti-glioblastoma effect based on passive tumor targeting of liposomes. J Control Release 2011; 154:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Guo L, Fan L, Ren J, Pang Z, Ren Y, Li J, Wen Z, Jiang X. A novel combination of TRAIL and doxorubicin enhances antitumor effect based on passive tumor-targeting of liposomes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:265105. [PMID: 21586819 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/26/265105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a novel anticancer agent for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, approximately half of NSCLC cell lines are highly resistant to TRAIL. Doxorubicin (DOX) can sensitize NSCLC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, indicating the possibility of combination therapy. Unfortunately, the therapeutic effect of a DOX and TRAIL combination is limited by multiple factors including the short serum half-life of TRAIL, poor compliance and application difficulty in the clinic, chronic DOX-induced cardiac toxicity, and the multidrug resistance (MDR) property of NSCLC cells. To solve such problems, we developed the combination of TRAIL liposomes (TRAIL-LP) and DOX liposomes (DOX-LP). An in vitro cytotoxicity study indicated that DOX-LP sensitized the NSCLC cell line A-549 to TRAIL-LP-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, this combination therapy of TRAIL-LP and DOX-LP displayed a stronger antitumor effect on NSCLC in xenografted mice when compared with free drugs or liposomal drugs alone. Therefore, the TRAIL-LP and DOX-LP combination therapy has excellent potential to become a new therapeutic approach for patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangran Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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The Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand and Lung Cancer: Still Following the Right TRAIL? J Thorac Oncol 2011; 6:983-7. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e318217b6c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kim HB, Kim MJ, Kim DY, Lee JW, Bae JH, Kim DW, Kang CD, Kim SH. High susceptibility of metastatic cells derived from human prostate and colon cancer cells to TRAIL and sensitization of TRAIL-insensitive primary cells to TRAIL by 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:46. [PMID: 21513580 PMCID: PMC3094320 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor recurrence and metastasis develop as a result of tumors' acquisition of anti-apoptotic mechanisms and therefore, it is necessary to develop novel effective therapeutics against metastatic cancers. In this study, we showed the differential TRAIL responsiveness of human prostate adenocarcinoma PC3 and human colon carcinoma KM12 cells and their respective highly metastatic PC3-MM2 and KM12L4A sublines and investigated the mechanism underlying high susceptibility of human metastatic cancer cells to TRAIL. RESULTS PC3-MM2 and KM12L4A cells with high level of c-Myc and DNA-PKcs were more susceptible to TRAIL than their poorly metastatic primary PC3 and KM12 cells, which was associated with down-regulation of c-FLIPL/S and Mcl-1 and up-regulation of the TRAIL receptor DR5 but not DR4 in both metastatic cells. Moreover, high susceptibility of these metastatic cells to TRAIL was resulted from TRAIL-induced potent activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 in comparison with their primary cells, which led to cleavage and down-regulation of DNA-PKcs. Knockdown of c-Myc gene in TRAIL-treated PC3-MM2 cells prevented the increase of DR5 cell surface expression, caspase activation and DNA-PKcs cleavage and attenuated the apoptotic effects of TRAIL. Moreover, the suppression of DNA-PKcs level with siRNA in the cells induced the up-regulation of DR5 and active caspase-8, -9, and -3. We also found that 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (DMNB), a specific inhibitor of DNA-PK, potentiated TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in relatively TRAIL-insensitive PC3 and KM12 cells and therefore functioned as a TRAIL sensitizer. CONCLUSION This study showed the positive relationship between c-Myc expression in highly metastatic human prostate and colon cancer cells and susceptibility to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and therefore indicated that TRAIL might be used as an effective therapeutic modality for advanced metastatic cancers overexpressing c-Myc and combination of TRAIL therapy with agent that inhibits the DNA-PKcs/Akt signaling pathway might be clinically useful for the treatment of relatively TRAIL-insensitive human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Bong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
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89
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Kim DY, Kim MJ, Kim HB, Lee JW, Bae JH, Kim DW, Kang CD, Kim SH. Suppression of multidrug resistance by treatment with TRAIL in human ovarian and breast cancer cells with high level of c-Myc. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:796-805. [PMID: 21514380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of c-Myc in overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) in human ovarian and breast cancer cells by TRAIL. We showed that P-gp expressing MDR variants (Hey A8-MDR and MCF7-MDR cells) with high level of c-Myc were highly susceptible to TRAIL treatment when compared to their drug-sensitive parental human ovarian cancer Hey A8 and breast MCF-7 cells, respectively. Up-regulation of DR5 TRAIL receptor and down-regulation of c-FLIP and the promotion of caspase-dependent cell death, which contribute to TRAIL sensitization of MDR cells, were regulated by the over-expressed c-Myc in the MDR cells. After targeted inhibition of c-Myc with specific siRNA, these responses to TRAIL disappeared and TRAIL-induced apoptosis was also suppressed in MCF7-MDR cells. Treatment with TRAIL significantly reduced P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux of rhodamine123 in both Hey A8-MDR and MCF7-MDR cells. Furthermore, TRAIL significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of vinblastine, vincristine, doxorubicin and VP-16 that are P-gp substrate anticancer drugs in both MDR cells, which resulted in the reversal effect of TRAIL on the MDR phenotype. The present study shows for the first time that elevated c-Myc expression in the MDR cells plays a critical role in overcoming MDR by TRAIL that can act as a specific sensitizer for P-gp substrate anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
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Plati J, Bucur O, Khosravi-Far R. Apoptotic cell signaling in cancer progression and therapy. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:279-96. [PMID: 21340093 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a tightly regulated cell suicide program that plays an essential role in the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis by eliminating unnecessary or harmful cells. Impairment of this native defense mechanism promotes aberrant cellular proliferation and the accumulation of genetic defects, ultimately resulting in tumorigenesis, and frequently confers drug resistance to cancer cells. The regulation of apoptosis at several levels is essential to maintain the delicate balance between cellular survival and death signaling that is required to prevent disease. Complex networks of signaling pathways act to promote or inhibit apoptosis in response to various cues. Apoptosis can be triggered by signals from within the cell, such as genotoxic stress, or by extrinsic signals, such as the binding of ligands to cell surface death receptors. Various upstream signaling pathways can modulate apoptosis by converging on, and thereby altering the activity of, common central control points within the apoptotic signaling pathways, which involve the BCL-2 family proteins, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, and FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). This review highlights the role of these fundamental regulators of apoptosis in the context of both normal apoptotic signaling mechanisms and dysregulated apoptotic pathways that can render cancer cells resistant to cell death. In addition, therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the activity of BCL-2 family proteins, IAPs, and c-FLIP for the targeted induction of apoptosis are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Plati
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
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91
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Wang WQ, Zhang H, Wang HB, Sun YG, Peng ZH, Zhou G, Yang SM, Wang RQ, Fang DC. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Diagn Ther 2011; 14:155-61. [PMID: 20560677 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is thought to be a promising anti-neoplastic agent because of its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, some cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL. The mechanisms underlying this resistance are unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) in regulating TRAIL sensitivity in gastric cancer cells. METHODS PDCD4 complementary DNA and PDCD4-specific short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) fragments were transfected into TRAIL-sensitive and -resistant gastric cancer cells. Expression of PDCD4 and Akt was detected via western blot. Cell survival and apoptosis were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry (FCM) assays. RESULTS We found that upregulation of PDCD4 enhanced TRAIL sensitivity in gastric cancer cells. Downregulation of PDCD4 decreased TRAIL sensitivity. Inhibition of Akt by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 induced PDCD4 activity and enhanced TRAIL sensitivity in TRAIL-resistant gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that PDCD4 regulates TRAIL sensitivity in gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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92
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Yasukochi A, Kawakubo T, Nakamura S, Yamamoto K. Cathepsin E enhances anticancer activity of doxorubicin on human prostate cancer cells showing resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Biol Chem 2011; 391:947-58. [PMID: 20482316 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously described that cathepsin E specifically induces growth arrest and apoptosis in several human prostate cancer cell lines in vitro by catalyzing the proteolytic release of soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) from the tumor cell surface. It also prevents tumor growth and metastasis in vivo through multiple mechanisms, including induction of apoptosis, angiogenesis inhibition and enhanced immune responses. Using the prostate cancer cell line PPC-1, which is relatively resistant to cell death by doxorubicin (40-50% cytotoxicity), we first report that a combination treatment with cathepsin E can overcome resistance of the cells to this agent. In vitro studies showed that combined treatment of PPC-1 cells with the two agents synergistically induces viability loss, mainly owing to down-regulation of a short form of the FLICE inhibitory protein FLIP. The enhanced antitumor activity was corroborated by in vivo studies with athymic mice bearing PPC-1 xenografts. Intratumoral application of cathepsin E in doxorubicin-treated mice results in tumor cell apoptosis and tumor regression in xenografts by enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis through doxorubicin-induced c-FLIP down-regulation and by a decrease in tumor cell proliferation. These results indicate that combination of cathepsin E and doxorubicin is sufficient to overcome resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in chemoresistant prostate cancer PPC-1 cells, thus indicating therapeutic potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yasukochi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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93
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He Y, Liu F, Zhang L, Wu Y, Hu B, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu H. Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induced by Lupeol, a Dietary Triterpene, in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:517-22. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Fen Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Bo Hu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Yinsheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Yunsen Li
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
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Yu W, Tiwary R, Li J, Park SK, Jia L, Xiong A, Simmons-Menchaca M, Sanders BG, Kline K. α-TEA induces apoptosis of human breast cancer cells via activation of TRAIL/DR5 death receptor pathway. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:964-73. [PMID: 20886583 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E derivative RRR-α-tocopherol ether-linked acetic acid analog (α-TEA) induces apoptosis in MCF-7 and HCC-1954 human breast cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. α-TEA induces increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and death receptor-5 (DR5) and decreased levels of antiapoptotic factor, cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP L). DR5/TRAIL induced apoptosis involves downregulation of c-FLIP (L), caspase-8 activation, activated proapoptotic mediators tBid and Bax, mitochondrial permeability transition, and activation of caspase-9. siRNA knockdown of either DR5 or TRAIL blocks the ability of α-TEA to enhance DR5 protein levels, downregulate c-FLIP(L) protein levels and induce apoptosis. Combination of α-TEA + TRAIL acts cooperatively to induce apoptosis, and increase DR5 and decrease c-FLIP (L) protein levels. siRNA knockdown of c-FLIP produces a low level of spontaneous apoptosis and enhances α-TEA- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these studies show that α-TEA induces TRAIL/DR5 mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in human breast cancer cells, and that TRAIL/DR5-dependent increases in DR5 and decreases in c-FLIP expression are triggered by TRAIL or α-TEA treatments.
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95
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Zhu H, Liu XW, Ding WJ, Xu DQ, Zhao YC, Lu W, He QJ, Yang B. Up-regulation of death receptor 4 and 5 by celastrol enhances the anti-cancer activity of TRAIL/Apo-2L. Cancer Lett 2010; 297:155-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Claiming more than 150,000 lives each year, lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in the USA. First-line treatments in lung cancer include surgical resection and chemotherapy, the latter of which offers only modest survival benefits at the expense of often severe and debilitating side effects. Recent advances in elucidating the molecular biology of lung carcinogenesis have elucidated novel drug targets, and treatments are rapidly evolving into specialized agents that hone in on specific aspects of the disease. Of particular interest is blocking tumor growth by targeting the physiological processes surrounding angiogenesis, pro-tumorigenic growth factor activation, anti-apoptotic cascades and other cancer-promoting signal transduction events. This article looks at several areas of interest to lung cancer therapeutics and considers the current state of affairs surrounding the development of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roshni Ray
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - David Jablons
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Biao He
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Plissonnier ML, Fauconnet S, Bittard H, Lascombe I. Insights on distinct pathways of thiazolidinediones (PPARgamma ligand)-promoted apoptosis in TRAIL-sensitive or -resistant malignant urothelial cells. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:1769-84. [PMID: 20099277 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones, including rosiglitazone and troglitazone, are insulin-sensitizing drugs and high-affinity ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Apart from their antidiabetic activity, these molecules possess antitumor properties. We investigated their potential apoptotic effects on RT4 (derived from a well-differentiated Grade I papillary tumor) and T24 (derived from an undifferentiated Grade III carcinoma) bladder cancer cells. Rosiglitazone induced G2/M or G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in RT4 and T24 cells, respectively. Only troglitazone triggered apoptosis via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in both cell lines. Interestingly, rosiglitazone amplified TRAIL-induced apoptosis in TRAIL-sensitive RT4 cells or let TRAIL-resistant T24 cells to respond to TRAIL. Thiazolidinediones acted through PPARgamma activation-independent mechanisms. The underlying mechanisms involved for the first time in cancer cells the upregulation of soluble and/or membrane-bound TRAIL. This was associated with increased cell surface death receptor 5 expression and c-FLIP and survivin downregulation, mediated in part through proteasome-dependent degradation in troglitazone-promoted cell death. Therefore, the combination of rosiglitazone and TRAIL could be clinically relevant as chemopreventive or therapeutic agents for the treatment of TRAIL-resistant high-grade urothelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Laure Plissonnier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA3181-IFR N133, Université de Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Besançon, France
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Yang JM, Hung CM, Fu CN, Lee JC, Huang CH, Yang MH, Lin CL, Kao JY, Way TD. Hispidulin sensitizes human ovarian cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by AMPK activation leading to Mcl-1 block in translation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:10020-10026. [PMID: 20734985 DOI: 10.1021/jf102304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Whether hispidulin, a flavone from traditional Chinese medicine, can modulate the anticancer effects of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the cytokine currently in clinical trials was investigated. In the present study, we found that hispidulin potentiated the TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells and converted TRAIL-resistant cells to TRAIL-sensitive cells. When examined for its mechanism, we found that hispidulin was highly effective in activation of caspases 8 and caspase 3 and consequent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Moreover, we found that hispidulin downregulated the expression of Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL. Whereas the downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was less pronounced, the downregulation of Mcl-1 was quite dramatic and was time-dependent. This sensitization is controlled through the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is the central energy-sensing system of the cell. Interestingly, we determined that AMPK is activated upon hispidulin treatment, resulting in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition leading to Mcl-1 decrease. Therefore, our results show a novel mechanism for the sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis linking hispidulin treatment to Mcl-1 downexpression. In addition, this study provides a rationale for the combined use of death receptor (DR) ligands with AMPK activators or mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mu Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Festuccia C, Dondi D, Piccolella M, Locatelli A, Gravina GL, Tombolini V, Motta M. Ozarelix, a fourth generation GnRH antagonist, induces apoptosis in hormone refractory androgen receptor negative prostate cancer cells modulating expression and activity of death receptors. Prostate 2010; 70:1340-9. [PMID: 20623634 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Antagonistic or agonistic analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormone are extensively used for the treatment of advanced hormone-dependent prostate cancer. However, the majority of recurrent prostate tumors is androgen independent. This study explored the in vitro effects on DU145 and PC3 cell lines, two models of androgen-independent prostate cancer, of a fourth generation GnRH antagonist (Ozarelix). METHODS Ozarelix was added to cultures and toxicity, cell cycle modifications, cell viability and caspase activity were investigated. RESULTS Ozarelix showed antiproliferative effects and produced an accumulation of cells in G2/M cell cycle phase. Apoptosis was related with caspase-8-dependent caspase 3 activation with down-regulation of c-FLIP (L) and a sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis linked also to increased expression and activity of death receptors DR4/5 and Fas. CONCLUSIONS TRAIL-resistant cancer cells can be sensitized to TRAIL by Ozarelix. This effect may be achieved by the activation of apoptotic pathway improving the therapeutic effects in androgen independent tumor cell lines. However, a better understanding of molecular mechanisms by which GnRH antagonists may act in androgen independent models is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Festuccia
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Kruyt FA, Schuringa JJ. Apoptosis and cancer stem cells: Implications for apoptosis targeted therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:423-30. [PMID: 20394737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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