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Meyn RE, Krishnan S, Skinner HD. Everything Old Is New Again: Using Nelfinavir to Radiosensitize Rectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:1834-6. [PMID: 26920893 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Repurposing agents approved for other indications to radiosensitize tumors may be advantageous. The study by Hill and colleagues utilizes nelfinavir, an HIV protease inhibitor (PI), in combination with radiotherapy in rectal cancer in a prospective study. This combination may improve tumor perfusion and regression compared with radiotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E Meyn
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Clinical Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heath D Skinner
- Department of Clinical Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Lee G, Oh TI, Um KB, Yoon H, Son J, Kim BM, Kim HI, Kim H, Kim YJ, Lee CS, Lim JH. Small-molecule inhibitors of USP7 induce apoptosis through oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:181-186. [PMID: 26768359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
USP7 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that involves the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) to maintain regulation of protein synthesis and degradation. The well-known substrate of USP7 is the Mdm2-p53 complex. In fact, several studies have reported that functional inhibition of USP7 induces cancer cell apoptosis through activation of p53. However, the contribution of oxidative or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is commonly induced by inhibition of the UPS for USP7 inhibitor-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells, has not been investigated. In contrast to previous reports, we show that p53 is not critical during USP7 inhibitor-induced apoptosis in several cancer cells. Inhibition of deubiquitinating enzyme activities by USP7 inhibitors causes ER stress by accumulating polyubiquitinated proteins in cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that USP7 inhibitors increase intracellular reactive oxygen species and mainly cause cancer cell apoptosis. Taken together, our results reveal that oxidative and ER stress, rather than the Mdm2-p53 axis, mainly contributes to USP7 inhibitor-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-In Oh
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bum Um
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeshin Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyoung Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Byeong Mo Kim
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodamun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hackyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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He G, He G, Zhou R, Pi Z, Zhu T, Jiang L, Xie Y. Enhancement of cisplatin-induced colon cancer cells apoptosis by shikonin, a natural inducer of ROS in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:1075-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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