51
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Zhang Z, Zhang G, He L, Sun L, Jiang X, Yun Z. Synthesis of niobium oxide nanowires by polyethylenimine as template at varying pH values. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce42402b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nb2O5 nanowires were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using polyethylenimine as a soft template. The results indicated that the pH value greatly affected the Nb2O5 nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Technology
- Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Long Sun
- Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Xingmao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Zhi Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Technology
- Nanjing 210009, China
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52
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Liquid-phase dehydration of d-xylose over silica–alumina catalysts with different alumina contents. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-013-0655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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53
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Kruger JS, Choudhary V, Nikolakis V, Vlachos DG. Elucidating the Roles of Zeolite H-BEA in Aqueous-Phase Fructose Dehydration and HMF Rehydration. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs4002157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Kruger
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware, 150
Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Vinit Choudhary
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware, 150
Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Vladimiros Nikolakis
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware, 150
Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware, 150
Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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54
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Zhang L, Yu H, Wang P. Solid acids as catalysts for the conversion of D-xylose, xylan and lignocellulosics into furfural in ionic liquid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 136:515-521. [PMID: 23567725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to develop an ecologically viable catalytic pathway for furfural production without the use of inorganic acids, H3PW12O40, Amberlyst-5 and NKC-9 (macroporous styrene-based sulfonic acid resin) were used as catalysts for producing furfural from xylose, xylan and lignocellulosic biomass in [BMIM]Cl under microwave irradiation at atmospheric pressure. A surprisingly high furfural yield of 93.7% from xylan was obtained by H3PW12O40 at 160 °C in 10 min. The degradation of furfural affected by single addition of [BMIM]Cl and solid acids was also investigated. The IL could be easily recycled and reused with stable solvent capacity for multiple runs (5×) after the product furfural was extracted with ethyl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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55
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García-Sancho C, Sádaba I, Moreno-Tost R, Mérida-Robles J, Santamaría-González J, López-Granados M, Maireles-Torres P. Dehydration of xylose to furfural over MCM-41-supported niobium-oxide catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:635-642. [PMID: 23512820 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of silica-based MCM-41-supported niobium-oxide catalysts are prepared, characterized by using XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and pyridine adsorption coupled to FTIR spectroscopy, and tested for the dehydration of D-xylose to furfural. Under the operating conditions used all materials are active in the dehydration of xylose to furfural (excluding the MCM-41 silica support). The xylose conversion increases with increasing Nb2 O5 content. At a loading of 16 wt % Nb2 O5 , 74.5 % conversion and a furfural yield of 36.5 % is achieved at 170 °C, after 180 min reaction time. Moreover, xylose conversion and furfural yield increase with the reaction time and temperature, attaining 82.8 and 46.2 %, respectively, at 190 °C and after 100 min reaction time. Notably, the presence of NaCl in the reaction medium further increases the furfural yield (59.9 % at 170 °C after 180 min reaction time). Moreover, catalyst reutilization is demonstrated by performing at least three runs with no loss of catalytic activity and without the requirement for an intermediate regeneration step. No significant niobium leaching is observed, and a relationship between the structure of the catalyst and the activity is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Sancho
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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56
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Zhang L, Yu H, Wang P, Dong H, Peng X. Conversion of xylan, d-xylose and lignocellulosic biomass into furfural using AlCl3 as catalyst in ionic liquid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 130:110-116. [PMID: 23306118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to define a new green catalytic pathway for the production of furfural, the catalyzed conversion of xylan into furfural in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride was studied by using mineral acids and metal chlorides as catalysts under microwave irradiation. Amongst these catalysts, AlCl(3) resulted in the highest furfural yield of 84.8% at 170°C for 10s. The effect of AlCl(3) on the conversion efficiency of d-xylose and untreated lignocellulosic biomass was also investigated, the yields of furfural from corncob, grass and pine wood catalyzed by AlCl(3) in [BMIM]Cl were in the range of 16-33%. [BMIM]Cl and AlCl(3) could be recycled for four runs with stable catalytic activity. AlCl(3) is less corrosive than mineral acids, and the use of ionic liquid as reaction medium will no longer generate toxic wastewater, thus this reaction system is more ecologically viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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57
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Acidic and cesium salts of polyoxometalates with and without vanadium supported on MCM-41 as catalysts for oxidation of cyclohexane with H2O2. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-012-0023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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58
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Cheng L, Guo X, Song C, Yu G, Cui Y, Xue N, Peng L, Guo X, Ding W. High performance mesoporous zirconium phosphate for dehydration of xylose to furfural in aqueous-phase. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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59
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Soleimani M, Tabil L. Simultaneous Quantification of Carbohydrates, Alcohols, and Toxic Components in a Bio-Based Medium Using Dual-Detection HPLC Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2013.45033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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60
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Zhang T, Kumar R, Wyman CE. Enhanced yields of furfural and other products by simultaneous solvent extraction during thermochemical treatment of cellulosic biomass. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41857j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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61
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Suxia R, Haiyan X, Jinling Z, Shunqing L, Xiaofeng H, Tingzhou L. Furfural production from rice husk using sulfuric acid and a solid acid catalyst through a two-stage process. Carbohydr Res 2012; 359:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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62
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63
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Catalytic Transformations of Biomass-Derived Materials into Value-Added Chemicals. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-012-9142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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64
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He P, Haswell SJ, Fletcher PDI, Kelly SM, Mansfield A. Acetylation of Alcohols and Phenols Using Continuous-Flow, Tungstosilicic Acid-Supported, Monolith Microreactors With Scale-Up Capability. J Flow Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-12-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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65
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Lamminpää K, Ahola J, Tanskanen J. Kinetics of Xylose Dehydration into Furfural in Formic Acid. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie2018367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Lamminpää
- Department
of Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Ahola
- Department
of Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tanskanen
- Department
of Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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66
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Liu X, Ai N, Zhang H, Lu M, Ji D, Yu F, Ji J. Quantification of glucose, xylose, arabinose, furfural, and HMF in corncob hydrolysate by HPLC-PDA-ELSD. Carbohydr Res 2012; 353:111-4. [PMID: 22516168 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose and other carbohydrates are being studied extensively as potential renewable carbon sources for liquid biofuels and other valuable chemicals. In the present study, a simple, sensitive, selective, and reliable HPLC method using a photodiode array (PDA) detector and an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of important sugars (D(+)-cellobiose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose), furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in lignocellulose hydrolysate. The analysis was carried out on an Aminex HPX-87H column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size). Ultra-pure water with 0.00035 M H(2)SO(4) was used as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The temperature of the ELSD drift tube was kept at 50 °C, the carrier gas pressure was 350 kPa, and the gain was set at 7. Furfural and 5-HMF were quantified on a PDA detector at 275 nm and 284 nm, respectively. The sugar concentrations were determined by ELSD. This method was validated for accuracy and precision. The regression equation revealed a good linear relationship (r(2) = 0.9986 ± 0.0012) within the test ranges. The method showed good reproducibility for the quantification of six analytes in corncob hydrolysate, with intra- and inter-day variations less than 1.12%. This method is also convenient because it allows the rapid analysis of the primary products of biomass hydrolysis and carbohydrate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Xipeilou 207, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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67
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Hu L, Zhao G, Hao W, Tang X, Sun Y, Lin L, Liu S. Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates into fuels and chemicals via furanic aldehydes. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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68
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Rong C, Ding X, Zhu Y, Li Y, Wang L, Qu Y, Ma X, Wang Z. Production of furfural from xylose at atmospheric pressure by dilute sulfuric acid and inorganic salts. Carbohydr Res 2011; 350:77-80. [PMID: 22277539 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the dehydration of xylose to furfural was carried out under atmospheric pressure and at the boiling temperature of a biphasic mixture of toluene and an aqueous solution of xylose, with sulfuric acid as catalyst plus an inorganic salt (NaCl or FeCl(3)) as promoter. The best yield of furfural was 83% under the following conditions: 150 mL of toluene and 10 mL of aqueous solution of 10% xylose (w/w), 10% H(2)SO(4) (w/w), 2.4g NaCl , and heating for 5h. FeCl(3) as promoter was found to be more efficient than NaCl. The addition of DMSO to the aqueous phase in the absence of an inorganic salt was shown to improve the yield of furfural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Rong
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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69
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Karinen R, Vilonen K, Niemelä M. Biorefining: heterogeneously catalyzed reactions of carbohydrates for the production of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:1002-1016. [PMID: 21728248 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Furfurals are important intermediates in the chemical industry. They are typically produced by homogeneous catalysis in aqueous solutions. However, heterogeneously catalyzed processes would be beneficial in view of the principles of green chemistry: the elimination of homogeneous mineral acids makes the reaction mixtures less corrosive, produces less waste, and facilitates easy separation and recovery of the catalyst. Finding an active and stable water-tolerant solid acid catalyst still poses a challenge for the production of furfural (furan-2-carbaldehyde) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF). Furfural is produced in the dehydration of xylose, and HMF is formed from glucose and fructose in the presence of an acidic catalyst. Bases are not active in dehydration reaction but do catalyze the isomerization of monosaccharides, which is favorable when using glucose as a raw material. In addition to the desired dehydration of monosaccharides, many undesired side reactions take place, reducing the selectivity and deactivating the catalyst. In addition, the catalyst properties play an important role in the selectivity. In this Review, catalytic conversion approaches are summarized, focusing on the heterogeneously catalyzed formation of furfural. The attractiveness of catalytic concepts is evaluated, keeping in mind productivity, sustainability, and environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Karinen
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Industrial Chemistry, P. O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
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70
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Ultrasound assisted synthesis of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40: An efficient nano-catalyst for preparation of β-amino ketones via aza-Michael addition reactions. CR CHIM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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71
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Kim SB, You SJ, Kim YT, Lee S, Lee H, Park K, Park ED. Dehydration of D-xylose into furfural over H-zeolites. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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72
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Nasr-Esfahani M, Montazerozohori M, Gholampour T. Silica Supported Tungstosilicic Acid as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of β-Acetamido Ketones via a Four-Component Condensation Reaction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.12.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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73
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Riansa-Ngawong W, Prasertsan P. Optimization of furfural production from hemicellulose extracted from delignified palm pressed fiber using a two-stage process. Carbohydr Res 2010; 346:103-10. [PMID: 21129736 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to optimize the conditions for furfural production from hemicellulose extracted from delignified palm pressed fiber (dPPF) via two-stage process: acid hydrolysis followed by dehydration, using response surface methodology (RSM). The extracted hemicellulose contained 80.8% xylose. In order to convert hemicellulose to xylose in the acid hydrolysis step, there were four important parameters consisting of reaction temperature (100-150°C), sulfuric acid concentration (1-10% v/v), ratio of sulfuric acid to hemicellulose (L/S ratio) (10, 9, and 8 v/w), and reaction time (30-120min). The maximum xylose production (12.58g/L) was achieved at 125°C, 5.5% sulfuric acid, L/S ratio of 9mL/g for 30min with the determination coefficient (R(2)) value of 0.90. For the dehydration process, two parameters; reaction temperature (120-160°C) and reaction time (30-150min), were optimized. The maximum furfural production (8.67g/L) was achieved at a reaction temperature of 140°C for 90min with the determination coefficient (R(2)) value of 0.93.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiboon Riansa-Ngawong
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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74
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Takagaki A, Ohara M, Nishimura S, Ebitani K. One-pot Formation of Furfural from Xylose via Isomerization and Successive Dehydration Reactions over Heterogeneous Acid and Base Catalysts. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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75
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Liu CH, Li F, Tang RR. Effective Aerobic Allylic Oxidation of β-ionone and Series of Olefins Catalyzed by Phosphomolybdic Acid. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.6.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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76
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Dehydration of Xylose into Furfural in the Presence of Crystalline Microporous Silicoaluminophosphates. Catal Letters 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-010-0259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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77
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Shaabani A, Behnam M, Rezayan AH. Tungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40) catalyzed oxidation of organic compounds with NaBrO3. CATAL COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2008.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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78
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Huang TK, Shi L, Wang R, Guo XZ, Lu XX. Keggin type heteropolyacids-catalyzed synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives in water. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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79
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Heteropoly acids: a green and efficient heterogeneous Brønsted acidic catalyst for the intermolecular hydroamination of olefins. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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80
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Modified versions of sulfated zirconia as catalysts for the conversion of xylose to furfural. Catal Letters 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-007-9052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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