Functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework F-ZIF-90 as efficient catalyst for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to allyl glycidyl ether

An imidazolium-functionalized mesoporous cationic metal–organic framework for cooperative CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonate

A mesoporous cationic Cr-based metal–organic framework (MOF), FJI-C10, has been obtained and exhibited excellent performances in chemical fixation of CO₂ into cyclic carbonates under co-catalyst free and mild conditions.

CO2 Cycloaddition to Epoxides by using M-DABCO Metal-Organic Frameworks and the Influence of the Synthetic Method on Catalytic Reactivity

A series of high‐quality M₂(BDC)₂(DABCO) metal–organic frameworks (abbreviated as M‐DABCO; M=Zn, Co, Ni, Cu; BDC=1,4‐benzene dicarboxylate; DABCO=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), were synthesized by using a solvothermal (SV) method, and their catalytic activity for the cycloaddition of CO₂ to epoxides in the absence of a co‐catalyst or solvent was demonstrated. Of these metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Zn‐DABCO exhibited very high activity and nearly complete selectivity under moderate reaction conditions. The other members of this MOF series (Co‐DABCO, Ni‐DABCO, and Cu‐DABCO) displayed lower activity in the given sequence. Samples of Zn‐DABCO, Co‐DABCO, and Ni‐DABCO were recycled at least three times without a noticeable loss in catalytic activity. The reaction mechanism can be attributed to structural defects along with the acid–base bifunctional characteristics of these MOFs. Moreover, we illustrate that the synthetic method of M‐DABCO influences the yield of the reaction. In addition to the SV method, Zn‐DABCO was synthesized by using spray drying due to its industrial attractiveness. It was found that the synthesis procedure clearly influenced the crystal growth and thus the physicochemical properties, such as surface area, pore volume, and gas adsorption, which in turn affected the catalytic performance. The results clarified that although different synthetic methods can produce isostructural MOFs, the application of MOFs, especially as catalysts, strongly depends on the crystal morphology and textural properties and, therefore, on the synthesis method.

Synthesis and gas sorption behaviour of ZIF-90 with large pore volume

Stoichiometric triethylamine in methanol deprotonates the imidazole and yields 98% sub-micrometric ZIF-90 with no residual solvent in the pores.

Metal-Organic Frameworks for CO2 Chemical Transformations

Carbon dioxide (CO₂ ), as the primary greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, triggers a series of environmental and energy related problems in the world. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop multiple methods to capture and convert CO₂ into useful chemical products, which can significantly improve the environment and promote sustainable development. Over the past several decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown outstanding heterogeneous catalytic activity due in part to their high internal surface area and chemical functionalities. These properties and the ability to synthesize MOF platforms allow experiments to test structure-function relationships for transforming CO₂ into useful chemicals. Herein, recent developments are highlighted for MOFs participating as catalysts for the chemical fixation and photochemical reduction of CO₂ . Finally, opportunities and challenges facing MOF catalysts are discussed in this ongoing research area.

Zeolitic imidazole framework-67 as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates

ZIF-67 acts as a very efficient catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO₂ to epoxides affording cyclic carbonates with high selectivity, without any need for a solvent or a co-catalyst.

A combination of tri-modal cancer imaging and in vivo drug delivery by metal-organic framework based composite nanoparticles

Multifunctional Fe3O4@polyacrylic acid/Au nanoclusters/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PAA/AuNCs/ZIF-8 NPs) integrating tri-modal cancer imaging (magnetic resonance, computed X-ray tomography and fluorescence imaging) and chemotherapy into a single system were fabricated by using a facile, mild and reproducible strategy. The obtained NPs possess many merits including ultrahigh doxorubicin (DOX) loading capability (1.54 mg DOX per mg NPs), dual pH-responsive controlled drug release, tri-modal cancer imaging ability, facile magnetic separation and good biocompatibility. Importantly, the NPs exhibit low systematic toxicity and high antitumor therapy efficacy in vivo through tail vein injection. Furthermore, the achievement of in vitro tri-modal cancer cell imaging reveals the potential of Fe3O4@PAA/AuNCs/ZIF-8 NPs for cancer diagnosis and visualized-synergistic therapy. Taken together, Fe3O4@PAA/AuNCs/ZIF-8 NPs can be developed as a promising theranostic agent that combines multiple capabilities for cancer treatment.