51
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The deubiquitinase USP21 stabilizes MEK2 to promote tumor growth. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:482. [PMID: 29706623 PMCID: PMC5924753 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) play essential roles in normal cell proliferation and tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanisms of DUBs on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. In this study, based on analysis of several HCC datasets, we found that the USP21 gene, which encodes a member of the ubiquitin-specific protease family, is highly amplified and overexpressed in HCCs, with the extent of this up-regulation significantly correlating with poor clinical outcomes. Inhibition of USP21 in HCC cell lines decreased cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, cell cycle progression, and in vivo tumor growth. Conversely, ectopic expression of USP21 transformed the normal human hepatocyte line HL-7702 and increased the tumorigenicity of the HCC cell line MHCC97L. Mechanistically, USP21 stabilized MEK2 by decreasing its polyubiquitination at Lys48, thereby activating the ERK signaling pathway. Importantly, MEK2 partially mediated the optimal expression of USP21-mediated oncogenic phenotypes. These findings indicate that USP21-mediated deubiquitination and stabilization of MEK2 play a critical role in HCC development.
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52
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Wang S, Yan ZZ, Yang X, An S, Zhang K, Qi Y, Zheng J, Ji YX, Wang PX, Fang C, Zhu XY, Shen LJ, Yan FJ, Bao R, Tian S, She ZG, Tang YD. Hepatocyte DUSP14 maintains metabolic homeostasis and suppresses inflammation in the liver. Hepatology 2018; 67:1320-1338. [PMID: 29077210 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent and complex disease that confers a high risk of severe liver disorders. Despite such public and clinical health importance, very few effective therapies are currently available for NAFLD. We report a protective function and the underlying mechanism of dual-specificity phosphatase 14 (DUSP14) in NAFLD and related metabolic disorders. Insulin resistance, hepatic lipid accumulation, and concomitant inflammatory responses, key pathological processes involved in NAFLD development, were significantly ameliorated by hepatocyte-specific DUSP14 overexpression (DUSP14-HTG) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced or genetically obese mouse models. By contrast, specific DUSP14 deficiency in hepatocytes (DUSP14-HKO) aggravated these pathological alterations. We provided mechanistic evidence that DUSP14 directly binds to and dephosphorylates transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), resulting in the reduced activation of TAK1 and its downstream signaling molecules c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK), p38, and nuclear factor kappa B NF-κB. This effect was further evidenced by the finding that inhibiting TAK1 activity effectively attenuated the deterioration of glucolipid metabolic phenotype in DUSP14-HKO mice challenged by HFD administration. Furthermore, we identified that both the binding domain and the phosphatase activity of DUSP14 are required for its protective role against hepatic steatosis, because interruption of the DUSP14-TAK1 interaction abolished the mitigative effects of DUSP14. CONCLUSION Hepatocyte DUSP14 is required for maintaining hepatic metabolic homeostasis and for suppressing inflammation, a novel function that relies on constraining TAK1 hyperactivation. (Hepatology 2018;67:1320-1338).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Yang
- The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shimin An
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jilin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pi-Xiao Wang
- The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Fang
- The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Yong Zhu
- The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jun Shen
- The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng-Juan Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Bao
- The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Da Tang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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53
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Hsieh CS, Chuang JH, Chou MH, Kao YH. Dexamethasone restores transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 expression and phagocytosis activity of Kupffer cells in cholestatic liver injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:310-319. [PMID: 29414666 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in modulating the function of Kupffer cells (KCs) within cholestatic livers remains unclear. This study examined the immunopharmacological action of dexamethasone (DEX) in modulating hepatic TAK1 expression and related signaling activity in a rat model of bile duct ligation-mimicked obstructive jaundice. The in vitro effects of DEX on porcine biliary extract (PBE)-modulated gene expression and phagocytosis of KCs were examined using a rat alveolar macrophage cell line (NR8383 cells). Although DEX therapy did not restore the downregulated TAK1 expression and phosphorylation, it significantly attenuated the upregulation of high-mobility group box 1 expression and caspase-3 activation in whole liver extracts of cholestatic rats, possibly via enhancing extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated signaling. Dual immunofluorescence staining of cholestatic livers and western detection on primary KCs isolated from cholestatic livers identified that DEX treatment indeed increased both the expression and phosphorylation levels of TAK1 in the KCs of cholestatic livers. In vitro studies using alveolar NR8383 macrophages with KC-characteristic gene expression further demonstrated that DEX not only repressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine production including with respect to interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, but also enhanced gene expression of TAK1 and a phagocytic marker, natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1, under PBE-mimicked cholestatic conditions. However, WST-1 assay showed that DEX did not protect NR8383 macrophages against the PBE-induced cytotoxicity. Immunofluorescence visualization of cellular F-actin by phalloidin suggested that DEX sustained the PBE-induced phagocytosis morphology of NR8383 macrophages. In conclusion, DEX treatment may pharmacologically restore the expression and activity of TAK1 in KCs, and sustain the phagocytic phenotype of KCs in cholestatic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Sung Hsieh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Department of Teaching & Research, Pu-Li Christian Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huei Chou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Cheng-Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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54
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Shinriki S, Jono H, Maeshiro M, Nakamura T, Guo J, Li JD, Ueda M, Yoshida R, Shinohara M, Nakayama H, Matsui H, Ando Y. Loss of CYLD promotes cell invasion via ALK5 stabilization in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2018; 244:367-379. [PMID: 29235674 DOI: 10.1002/path.5019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a very poor prognosis because of its highly invasive nature, and the 5-year survival rate has not changed appreciably for the past 30 years. Although cylindromatosis (CYLD), a deubiquitinating enzyme, is thought to be a potent tumour suppressor, its biological and clinical significance in OSCC is largely unknown. This study aimed to clarify the roles of CYLD in OSCC progression. Our immunohistochemical analyses revealed significantly reduced CYLD expression in invasive areas in OSCC tissues, whereas CYLD expression was conserved in normal epithelium and carcinoma in situ. Furthermore, downregulation of CYLD by siRNA led to the acquisition of mesenchymal features and increased migratory and invasive properties in OSCC cells and HaCaT keratinocytes. It is interesting that CYLD knockdown promoted transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling by inducing stabilization of TGF-β receptor I (ALK5) in a cell autonomous fashion. In addition, the response to exogenous TGF-β stimulation was enhanced by CYLD downregulation. The invasive phenotypes induced by CYLD knockdown were completely blocked by an ALK5 inhibitor. In addition, lower expression of CYLD was significantly associated with the clinical features of deep invasion and poor overall survival, and also with increased phosphorylation of Smad3, which is an indicator of activation of TGF-β signalling in invasive OSCC. These findings suggest that downregulation of CYLD promotes invasion with mesenchymal transition via ALK5 stabilization in OSCC cells. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Shinriki
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Maeshiro
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jianying Guo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Shinohara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsui
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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55
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Ji YX, Huang Z, Yang X, Wang X, Zhao LP, Wang PX, Zhang XJ, Alves-Bezerra M, Cai L, Zhang P, Lu YX, Bai L, Gao MM, Zhao H, Tian S, Wang Y, Huang ZX, Zhu XY, Zhang Y, Gong J, She ZG, Li F, Cohen DE, Li H. The deubiquitinating enzyme cylindromatosis mitigates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Med 2018; 24:213-223. [PMID: 29291351 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common clinical condition that can lead to advanced liver diseases. Lack of effective pharmacotherapies for NASH is largely attributable to an incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. The deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) plays key roles in inflammation and cancer. Here we identified CYLD as a suppressor of NASH in mice and in monkeys. CYLD is progressively degraded upon interaction with the E3 ligase TRIM47 in proportion to NASH severity. We observed that overexpression of Cyld in hepatocytes concomitantly inhibits lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, inflammation and fibrosis in mice with NASH induced in an experimental setting. Mechanistically, CYLD interacts directly with the kinase TAK1 and removes its K63-linked polyubiquitin chain, which blocks downstream activation of the JNK-p38 cascades. Notably, reconstitution of hepatic CYLD expression effectively reverses disease progression in mice with dietary or genetically induced NASH and in high-fat diet-fed monkeys predisposed to metabolic syndrome. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CYLD mitigates NASH severity and identify the CYLD-TAK1 axis as a promising therapeutic target for management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xiao Ji
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaozhan Wang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Ping Zhao
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pi-Xiao Wang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Michele Alves-Bezerra
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lin Cai
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue-Xin Lu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mao-Mao Gao
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Xue-Yong Zhu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hongliang Li
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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56
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Varfolomeev E, Vucic D. Intracellular regulation of TNF activity in health and disease. Cytokine 2018; 101:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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57
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CYLD Deubiquitinase Negatively Regulates High Glucose-Induced NF- κB Inflammatory Signaling in Mesangial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3982906. [PMID: 29259980 PMCID: PMC5702419 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3982906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is the key part of multiple signal transduction of inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The ubiquitin-proteasome system is extensively involved in the regulation of the NF-κB pathway. Cylindromatosis (CYLD) has deubiquitinase activity and acts as a negative regulator of the NF-κB signaling pathway. However, the association between CYLD and NF-κB inflammatory signaling in DN is unclear. In the present study, mouse glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and rat GMCs were stimulated by elevated concentrations of glucose (10, 20, and 30 mmol/L high glucose) or mannitol as the osmotic pressure control. CYLD was overexpressed or suppressed by transfection with a CYLD expressing vector or CYLD-specific siRNA, respectively. Our data showed that high glucose significantly inhibited the protein and mRNA expression of CYLD in a dose- and time-dependent manner (both p < 0.05). siRNA-mediated knockdown CYLD facilitated the high glucose-induced activation of NF-κB signaling and triggered the release of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 (all p < 0.05). However, these high glucose-mediated effects were blunted by overexpression of CYLD (p < 0.05). The present results support the involvement of CYLD in the regulation of NF-κB inflammatory signaling induced by elevated glucose, implicating CYLD as a potential therapeutic target of DN.
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58
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Jiang J, Luo Y, Qin W, Ma H, Li Q, Zhan J, Zhang Y. Electroacupuncture Suppresses the NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Upregulating Cylindromatosis to Alleviate Inflammatory Injury in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:363. [PMID: 29163038 PMCID: PMC5681846 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) may reduce inflammatory injury by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway activation after ischemic stroke. Thus, we explored temporal and spatial expression of cylindromatosis (CYLD), a negative feedback inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway, to learn whether CYLD is essential for EA and reduction of inflammatory injury after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. A middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and CYLD gene interference was used to investigate a potential role of neuroprotection. Rats were treated with EA (1 mA, 20 Hz for 5 min, 2 Hz for 30 min) at Baihui (GV 20), Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3) acupoints, once daily, beginning 2 h after focal cerebral ischemia. Microglial activation and co-expression of CYLD and NF-κB were measured with immunofluorescence. Neuronal CX3CL1 expression was assayed to investigate the role of EA in the interaction between neurons and microglia via upregulation of CYLD. Then, CYLD, NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα protein expression was measured with Western blot. CYLD was mainly expressed in neurons of the peri-ischemic area after MCAO/R in rats and EA upregulated CYLD mRNA and protein from 24 to 72 h after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, CYLD overexpression was positively correlated to neurobehavior and negatively connected with infarct volume and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β). Upregulation of CYLD by EA prevented NF-κB nuclear translocation and inhibition of neuronal CX3CL1 expression, which repressed activation of microglia. Finally, CYLD silencing significantly weakened suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway by EA. In conclusion, upregulation of CYLD may underlie how EA could alleviate inflammatory injury after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyi Qin
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiongli Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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59
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Santoro R, Carbone C, Piro G, Chiao PJ, Melisi D. TAK -ing aim at chemoresistance: The emerging role of MAP3K7 as a target for cancer therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 33-35:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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60
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Hrdinka M, Gyrd-Hansen M. The Met1-Linked Ubiquitin Machinery: Emerging Themes of (De)regulation. Mol Cell 2017; 68:265-280. [PMID: 29053955 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex, LUBAC, is the only known mammalian ubiquitin ligase that makes methionine 1 (Met1)-linked polyubiquitin (also referred to as linear ubiquitin). A decade after LUBAC was discovered as a cellular activity of unknown function, there are now many lines of evidence connecting Met1-linked polyubiquitin to NF-κB signaling, cell death, inflammation, immunity, and cancer. We now know that Met1-linked polyubiquitin has potent signaling functions and that its deregulation is connected to disease. Indeed, mutations and deficiencies in several factors involved in conjugation and deconjugation of Met1-linked polyubiquitin have been implicated in immune-related disorders. Here, we discuss current knowledge and recent insights into the role and regulation of Met1-linked polyubiquitin, with an emphasis on the mechanisms controlling the function of LUBAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matous Hrdinka
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Mads Gyrd-Hansen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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61
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Yan FJ, Zhang XJ, Wang WX, Ji YX, Wang PX, Yang Y, Gong J, Shen LJ, Zhu XY, Huang Z, Li H. The E3 ligase tripartite motif 8 targets TAK1 to promote insulin resistance and steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2017; 65:1492-1511. [PMID: 27981609 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tripartite motif 8 (TRIM8), an E3 ligase ubiquitously expressed in various cells, is closely involved in innate immunity. However, its role in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is largely unknown. Here, we report evidence that TRIM8 is a robust enhancer of steatohepatitis and its complications induced by a high-fat diet or a genetic deficiency (ob/ob). Using gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, we observed dramatic exacerbation of insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis by hepatocyte-specific TRIM8 overexpression, whereas deletion or down-regulation of TRIM8 in hepatocytes led to a completely opposite phenotype. Furthermore, investigations of the underlying mechanisms revealed that TRIM8 directly binds to and ubiquitinates transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1, thus promoting its phosphorylation and the activation of downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase/p38 and nuclear factor κB signaling. Importantly, the participation of TRIM8 in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was verified on the basis of its dramatically increased expression in the livers of these patients, suggesting a promising development of TRIM8 disturbance for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION The E3 ligase TRIM8 is a potent regulator that exacerbates steatohepatitis and metabolic disorders dependent on its binding and ubiquitinating capacity on transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1. (Hepatology 2017;65:1492-1511).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Juan Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pi-Xiao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Gong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jun Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Yong Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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62
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CYLD, A20 and OTULIN deubiquitinases in NF-κB signaling and cell death: so similar, yet so different. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1172-1183. [PMID: 28362430 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyubiquitination of proteins has a pivotal role in the regulation of numerous cellular functions such as protein degradation, DNA repair and cell signaling. As deregulation of these processes can result in pathological conditions such as inflammatory diseases, neurodegeneration or cancer, tight regulation of the ubiquitin system is of tremendous importance. Ubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin ligases can be counteracted by the activity of several deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). CYLD, A20 and OTULIN have been implicated as key DUBs in the negative regulation of NF-κB transcription factor-mediated gene expression upon stimulation of cytokine receptors, antigen receptors and pattern recognition receptors, by removing distinct types of polyubiquitin chains from specific NF-κB signaling proteins. In addition, they control TNF-induced cell death signaling leading to apoptosis and necroptosis via similar mechanisms. In the case of A20, also catalytic-independent mechanisms of action have been demonstrated to have an important role. CYLD, A20 and OTULIN have largely overlapping substrates, suggesting at least partially redundant functions. However, mice deficient in one of the three DUBs show significant phenotypic differences, indicating also non-redundant functions. Here we discuss the activity and polyubiquitin chain-type specificity of CYLD, A20 and OTULIN, their specific role in NF-κB signaling and cell death, the molecular mechanisms that regulate their activity, their role in immune homeostasis and the association of defects in their activity with inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer.
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63
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Zhang Y, Zhang XJ, Wang PX, Zhang P, Li H. Reprogramming Innate Immune Signaling in Cardiometabolic Disease. Hypertension 2017; 69:747-760. [PMID: 28320852 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Institute of Model Animal (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Institute of Model Animal (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, P.R. China
| | - Pi-Xiao Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Institute of Model Animal (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Institute of Model Animal (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Institute of Model Animal (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, P.R. China.
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64
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Yan M, Leng T, Tang L, Zheng X, Lu B, Li Y, Sheng L, Lin S, Shi H, Yan G, Yin W. Neuroprotectant androst-3β, 5α, 6β-triol suppresses TNF-α-induced endothelial adhesion molecules expression and neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells by attenuation of CYLD-NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:892-896. [PMID: 28082198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of key pathologic element in neurological diseases including stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer' s Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and multiple sclerosis as well. Up-regulation of endothelial adhesion molecules, which facilitate leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, is the vital process of endothelial cells mediated neuroinflammation. Androst-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (Triol) is a synthetic steroid which has been reported to have neuroprotective effects in hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced neuronal injury model. In the present study, we firstly investigated whether Triol inhibited the TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMECs). Our data showed that Triol decreased TNF-α-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the adhesion of neutrophil to RBMECs. We also found that Triol inhibited TNF-α-induced degradation of IκBα and phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 that are required for NF-κB activation. Furthermore, Triol significantly reversed TNF-α-induced down-expression of CYLD, which is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates activation of NF-κB. These results suggest that Triol displays an anti-inflammatory effect on TNF-α-induced RBMECs via downregulating of CYLD-NF-κB signaling pathways and might have a potential benefit in therapeutic neuroinflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, GD 510080, PR China
| | - Tiandong Leng
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province's Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, GD 510120, PR China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, GD 510080, PR China
| | - Bingzheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, GD 510080, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, GD 510080, PR China
| | - Longxiang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, GD 510080, PR China
| | - Suizhen Lin
- Guangzhou Cellprotek Pharmaceutical, G Building F/4, 3 Lanyue Road, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663, PR China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Guangzhou Cellprotek Pharmaceutical, G Building F/4, 3 Lanyue Road, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663, PR China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, GD 510080, PR China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, GD 510080, PR China.
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65
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Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in mammary epithelial cells upregulates the expression of tumor suppressor Cyld to mediate growth inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 82:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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66
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Jin WL, Mao XY, Qiu GZ. Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Expectations and Challenges. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:627-661. [PMID: 27775833 DOI: 10.1002/med.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as the most common primary intracranial neoplasm. Despite standard treatment with tumor resection and radiochemotherapy, the outcome remains gloomy. It is evident that a combination of oncogenic gain of function and tumor-suppressive loss of function has been attributed to glioma initiation and progression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a well-orchestrated system that controls the fate of most proteins by striking a dynamic balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of substrates, having a profound influence on the modulation of oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, and cellular signaling pathways. In recent years, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have emerged as potential anti-cancer targets due to their targeting several key proteins involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. This review attempts to summarize recent studies of GBM-associated DUBs, their roles in various cellular processes, and discuss the relation between DUBs deregulation and gliomagenesis, especially how DUBs regulate glioma stem cells pluripotency, microenvironment, and resistance of radiation and chemotherapy through core stem-cell transcriptional factors. We also review recent achievements and progress in the development of potent and selective reversible inhibitors of DUBs, and attempted to find a potential GBM treatment by DUBs intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,National Centers for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Zhong Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, 250031, P. R. China
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67
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USP16 Downregulation by Carboxyl-terminal Truncated HBx Promotes the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33039. [PMID: 27633997 PMCID: PMC5025738 DOI: 10.1038/srep33039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major factor that contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV X protein (HBx) has been shown to accelerate HCC progression by promoting tumour growth and metastasis. In the clinic, carboxyl-terminal truncated HBx (Ct-HBx) proteins are frequently present in HCC tumour tissues, but not in non-tumorous tissues. In this study, we analysed deubiquitinase expression profiles in cells with or without ectopic expression of the Ct-HBx proteins and observed that the expression of ubiquitin specific peptidase 16 (USP16) was substantially inhibited by Ct-HBx proteins. Liver tumour cells with forced down-regulation of USP16 exhibited increased capabilities for colony formation and tumour growth in vivo. In addition, USP16 inhibition promoted stem-like properties in tumour cells, as evidenced by their spheroid formation and chemo-responsiveness. Furthermore, ectopic expression of USP16 in tumour cells significantly abrogated the tumour promoting activities of the Ct-HBx proteins (HBxΔ35), leading to decreased tumour cell viability and tumour growth. In human HCCs, USP16 was frequently downregulated, and the decreased expression of USP16 was correlated with high tumour stages and poor differentiation status. Taken together, our study suggests that USP16 downregulation is a critical event in Ct-HBx-mediated promotion of HCC tumorigenicity and malignancy.
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68
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Kotantaki P, Mosialos G. The expression of tumor suppressor gene Cyld is upregulated by histone deacetylace inhibitors in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:465-468. [PMID: 27570065 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme that exerts a tumor suppressive function. Its downregulation or inactivation has been associated with the development of several types of malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC cells display significantly lower Cyld expression compared to primary human hepatocytes, and Cyld downregulation can contribute to apoptotic resistance of HCC cells. Little is known about the mechanism of Cyld downregulation in human HCC cells. In the present study we explored the possible regulation of Cyld expression by histone deacetylases (HDACs) in human HCC cell lines. We demonstrated that the HDAC inhibitors suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, sodium butyrate, and trichostatin A induced the upregulation of both mRNA and protein levels of CYLD in two different HCC cell lines, HepG2 and Huh7. Our results demonstrate the involvement of HDACs in the downregulation of Cyld expression in HCC cells and support and may improve the use of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panorea Kotantaki
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - George Mosialos
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
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69
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Abstract
SMYD3 is a member of the SET and MYND-domain family of methyl-transferases, the increased expression of which correlates with poor prognosis in various types of cancer. In liver and colon tumors, SMYD3 is localized in the nucleus, where it interacts with RNA Pol II and H3K4me3 and functions as a selective transcriptional amplifier of oncogenes and genes that control cell proliferation and metastatic spread. Smyd3 expression has a high discriminative power for the characterization of liver tumors and positively correlates with poor prognosis. In lung and pancreatic cancer, SMYD3 acts in the cytoplasm, potentiating oncogenic Ras/ERK signaling through the methylation of the MAP3K2 kinase and the subsequent release from its inhibitor. A clinico-pathological analysis of lung cancer patients uncovers prognostic significance of SMYD3 only for first progression survival. However, stratification of patients according to their smoking history significantly expands the prognostic value of SMYD3 to overall survival and other features, suggesting that smoking-related effects saturate the clinical analysis and mask the function of SMYD3 as an oncogenic potentiator.
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70
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Jin YJ, Wang S, Cho J, Selim MA, Wright T, Mosialos G, Zhang JY. Epidermal CYLD inactivation sensitizes mice to the development of sebaceous and basaloid skin tumors. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27478875 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The deubiquitinase-encoding gene Cyld displays a dominant genetic linkage to a wide spectrum of skin-appendage tumors, which could be collectively designated as CYLD mutant-syndrome (CYLDm-syndrome). Despite recent advances, little is understood about the molecular mechanisms responsible for this painful and difficult-to-treat skin disease. Here, we generated a conditional mouse model with epidermis-targeted expression of a catalytically deficient CYLDm through K14-Cre-mediated deletion of exon 9 (hereafter refer to CyldEΔ9/Δ9 ). CyldEΔ9/Δ9 mice were born alive but developed hair and sebaceous gland abnormalities and dental defects at 100% and 60% penetrance, respectively. Upon topical challenge with DMBA/TPA, these animals primarily developed sebaceous and basaloid tumors resembling human CYLDm-syndrome as opposed to papilloma, which is most commonly induced in WT mice by this treatment. Molecular analysis revealed that TRAF6-K63-Ubiquitination (K63-Ub), c-Myc-K63-Ub, and phospho-c-Myc (S62) were markedly elevated in CyldEΔ9/Δ9 skin. Topical treatment with a pharmacological c-Myc inhibitor induced sebaceous and basal cell apoptosis in CyldEΔ9/Δ9 skin. Consistently, c-Myc activation was readily detected in human cylindroma and sebaceous adenoma. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CyldEΔ9/Δ9 mice represent a disease-relevant animal model and identify TRAF6 and c-Myc as potential therapeutic targets for CYLDm-syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingai Jane Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sally Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Angelica Selim
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tim Wright
- Dental School, University North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - George Mosialos
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jennifer Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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71
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Abstract
Linear ubiquitination is a post‐translational protein modification recently discovered to be crucial for innate and adaptive immune signaling. The function of linear ubiquitin chains is regulated at multiple levels: generation, recognition, and removal. These chains are generated by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), the only known ubiquitin E3 capable of forming the linear ubiquitin linkage de novo. LUBAC is not only relevant for activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in various signaling pathways, but importantly, it also regulates cell death downstream of immune receptors capable of inducing this response. Recognition of the linear ubiquitin linkage is specifically mediated by certain ubiquitin receptors, which is crucial for translation into the intended signaling outputs. LUBAC deficiency results in attenuated gene activation and increased cell death, causing pathologic conditions in both, mice, and humans. Removal of ubiquitin chains is mediated by deubiquitinases (DUBs). Two of them, OTULIN and CYLD, are constitutively associated with LUBAC. Here, we review the current knowledge on linear ubiquitination in immune signaling pathways and the biochemical mechanisms as to how linear polyubiquitin exerts its functions distinctly from those of other ubiquitin linkage types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shimizu
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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72
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Elkouris M, Kontaki H, Stavropoulos A, Antonoglou A, Nikolaou KC, Samiotaki M, Szantai E, Saviolaki D, Brown PJ, Sideras P, Panayotou G, Talianidis I. SET9-Mediated Regulation of TGF-β Signaling Links Protein Methylation to Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2733-44. [PMID: 27292644 PMCID: PMC4920893 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling regulates a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, immune responses, and fibrogenesis. Here, we describe a lysine methylation-mediated mechanism that controls the pro-fibrogenic activity of TGF-β. We find that the methyltransferase Set9 potentiates TGF-β signaling by targeting Smad7, an inhibitory downstream effector. Smad7 methylation promotes interaction with the E3 ligase Arkadia and, thus, ubiquitination-dependent degradation. Depletion or pharmacological inhibition of Set9 results in elevated Smad7 protein levels and inhibits TGF-β-dependent expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix components. The inhibitory effect of Set9 on TGF-β-mediated extracellular matrix production is further demonstrated in mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis. Lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin or Ad-TGF-β treatment was highly compromised in Set9-deficient mice. These results uncover a complex regulatory interplay among multiple Smad7 modifications and highlight the possibility that protein methyltransferases may represent promising therapeutic targets for treating lung fibrosis. Set9 (Setd7) methylates Smad7 at lysine-70 Methylated Smad7 interacts with Arkadia and is rapidly degraded Set9 function is required for TGF-β-mediated activation of ECM genes Set9 function is required for bleomycin- or Ad-TGF-β-induced pulmonary fibrosis
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haroula Kontaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece
| | | | | | - Kostas C Nikolaou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Eszter Szantai
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Dimitra Saviolaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Peter J Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Paschalis Sideras
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Panayotou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Iannis Talianidis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece.
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73
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Yang Y, Zhou J. CYLD - a deubiquitylase that acts to fine-tune microtubule properties and functions. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2289-95. [PMID: 27173491 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.183319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic structures that are crucially involved in a variety of cellular activities. The dynamic properties and functions of microtubules are regulated by various factors, such as tubulin isotype composition and microtubule-binding proteins. Initially identified as a deubiquitylase with tumor-suppressing functions, the protein cylindromatosis (CYLD) has recently been revealed to interact with microtubules, modulate microtubule dynamics, and participate in the regulation of cell migration, cell cycle progression, chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and ciliogenesis. These findings have greatly enriched our understanding of the roles of CYLD in physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we focus on recent literature that shows how CYLD impacts on microtubule properties and functions in various biological processes, and discuss the challenges we face when interpreting results obtained from different experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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74
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Karatzas DN, Xanthopoulos K, Kotantaki P, Pseftogas A, Teliousis K, Hatzivassiliou EG, Kontoyiannis DL, Poutahidis T, Mosialos G. Inactivation of CYLD in intestinal epithelial cells exacerbates colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:287-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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75
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Giannelli G, Mikulits W, Dooley S, Fabregat I, Moustakas A, ten Dijke P, Portincasa P, Winter P, Janssen R, Leporatti S, Herrera B, Sanchez A. The rationale for targeting TGF-β in chronic liver diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:349-61. [PMID: 26823073 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a pluripotent cytokine that displays several tissue-specific biological activities. In the liver, TGF-β is considered a fundamental molecule, controlling organ size and growth by limiting hepatocyte proliferation. It is involved in fibrogenesis and, therefore, in worsening liver damage, as well as in triggering the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TGF-β is known to act as an oncosuppressor and also as a tumour promoter in HCC, but its role is still unclear. DESIGN In this review, we discuss the potential role of TGF-β in regulating the tumoural progression of HCC, and therefore the rationale for targeting this molecule in patients with HCC. RESULTS A considerable amount of experimental preclinical evidence suggests that TGF-β is a promising druggable target in patients with HCC. To support this hypothesis, a phase II clinical trial is currently ongoing using a TGF-β pathway inhibitor, and results will soon be available. CONCLUSIONS The identification of new TGF-β related biomarkers will help to select those patients most likely to benefit from therapy aimed at inhibiting the TGF-β pathway. New formulations that may provide a more controlled and sustained delivery of the drug will improve the therapeutic success of such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Giannelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Mannheim Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Blanca Herrera
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Sanchez
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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76
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Sarris ME, Moulos P, Haroniti A, Giakountis A, Talianidis I. Smyd3 Is a Transcriptional Potentiator of Multiple Cancer-Promoting Genes and Required for Liver and Colon Cancer Development. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:354-366. [PMID: 26908355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Smyd3 is a protein methyltransferase implicated in cancer development. Here we show that Smyd3 expression in mice is required for chemically induced liver and colon cancer formation. In these organs Smyd3 functions in the nucleus, stimulating the transcription of several key regulators involved in cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the JAK/Stat3 oncogenic pathway, as well as the Myc and Ctnnb1 oncogenes. Smyd3 interacts with H3K4Me3-modified histone tails, which facilitates its recruitment to the core promoter regions of most active genes. Smyd3 binding density on target genes positively correlates with increased RNA polymerase-II density and transcriptional outputs. Despite its widespread distribution, the transcription-potentiating function of Smyd3 is restricted to a particular set of genes, whose expression is induced specifically during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis E Sarris
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Vari, Greece; School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Herakleion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Moulos
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Anna Haroniti
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Antonis Giakountis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Iannis Talianidis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Vari, Greece.
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77
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Wang PX, Zhang XJ, Luo P, Jiang X, Zhang P, Guo J, Zhao GN, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Yang S, Li H. Hepatocyte TRAF3 promotes liver steatosis and systemic insulin resistance through targeting TAK1-dependent signalling. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10592. [PMID: 26882989 PMCID: PMC4757796 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and a systemic pro-inflammatory response. Here we show that tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is upregulated in mouse and human livers with hepatic steatosis. After 24 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD), obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and inflammatory responses are significantly ameliorated in liver-specific TRAF3-knockout mice, but exacerbated in transgenic mice overexpressing TRAF3 in hepatocytes. The detrimental effects of TRAF3 on hepatic steatosis and related pathologies are confirmed in ob/ob mice. We further show that in response to HFD, hepatocyte TRAF3 binds to TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) to induce TAK1 ubiquitination and subsequent autophosphorylation, thereby enhancing the activation of downstream IKKβ-NF-κB and MKK-JNK-IRS1(307) signalling cascades, while disrupting AKT-GSK3β/FOXO1 signalling. The TRAF3-TAK1 interaction and TAK1 ubiquitination are indispensable for TRAF3-regulated hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, hepatocyte TRAF3 promotes HFD-induced or genetic hepatic steatosis in a TAK1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Xiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Huangshi Central Hospital, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435000, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guang-Nian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Sijun Yang
- Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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78
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Kupka S, Reichert M, Draber P, Walczak H. Formation and removal of poly-ubiquitin chains in the regulation of tumor necrosis factor-induced gene activation and cell death. FEBS J 2016; 283:2626-39. [PMID: 26749412 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent cytokine known for its involvement in inflammation, repression of tumorigenesis and activation of immune cells. Consequently, accurate regulation of the TNF signaling pathway is crucial for preventing the potent noxious effects of TNF. These pathological conditions include chronic inflammation, septic shock, cachexia and cancer. The TNF signaling cascade utilizes a complex network of post-translational modifications to control the cellular response following its activation. Next to phosphorylation, the ubiquitination of signaling complex components is probably the most important modification. This process is mediated by a specialist class of enzymes, the ubiquitin ligases. Equally important is the class of dedicated ubiquitin-specific proteases, the deubiquitinases. Together with ubiquitin binding proteins, this ubiquitination-deubiquitination system enables the dynamics of signaling complexes. In TNF signaling, these dynamics translate into the precise regulation of the induction of gene activation or cell death. Here, we review and discuss current knowledge of TNF signaling regulation by the ubiquitin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kupka
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Reichert
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Draber
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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79
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Zhang L, Ding Y, Yuan Z, Liu J, Sun J, Lei F, Wu S, Li S, Zhang D. MicroRNA-500 sustains nuclear factor-κB activation and induces gastric cancer cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:2483-95. [PMID: 25595906 PMCID: PMC4385865 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin deconjugation of key signalling molecules by deubiquitinases (DUBs) such as cylindromatosis (CYLD), A20, and OTU deubiquitinase 7B (OTUD7B) has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism in the downregulation of NF-κB signalling and homeostasis. However, how these serial negative regulations are simultaneously disrupted to result in constitutive activation of NF-κB signalling in cancers remains puzzling. Here, we report that the miR-500 directly repressed the expression of CYLD, OTUD7B, and the A20 complex component Tax1-binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1), leading to ubiquitin conjugation of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and sustained NF-ĸB activation. Furthermore, we found that miR-500 promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumorigenicity. Importantly, miR-500 was upregulated in gastric cancer and was highly correlated with malignant progression and poor survival. Hence, we report the uncovering of a novel mechanism for constitutive NF-κB activation, indicating the potentially pivotal role of miR-500 in the progression of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ya Ding
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhongyu Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Clinical Trial Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fangyong Lei
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Su Li
- Clinical Trial Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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80
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Hellerbrand C, Massoumi R. Cylindromatosis-A Protective Molecule against Liver Diseases. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:342-59. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I; University Hospital Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medicon Village; Lund University; 22381 Lund Sweden
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81
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Teng YC, Shen ZQ, Kao CH, Tsai TF. Hepatocellular carcinoma mouse models: Hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocarcinogenesis and haploinsufficient tumor suppressor genes. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:300-325. [PMID: 26755878 PMCID: PMC4698494 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifactorial and multistage pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has fascinated a wide spectrum of scientists for decades. While a number of major risk factors have been identified, their mechanistic roles in hepatocarcinogenesis still need to be elucidated. Many tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) have been identified as being involved in HCC. These TSGs can be classified into two groups depending on the situation with respect to allelic mutation/loss in the tumors: the recessive TSGs with two required mutated alleles and the haploinsufficient TSGs with one required mutated allele. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most important risk factors associated with HCC. Although mice cannot be infected with HBV due to the narrow host range of HBV and the lack of a proper receptor, one advantage of mouse models for HBV/HCC research is the numerous and powerful genetic tools that help investigate the phenotypic effects of viral proteins and allow the dissection of the dose-dependent action of TSGs. Here, we mainly focus on the application of mouse models in relation to HBV-associated HCC and on TSGs that act either in a recessive or in a haploinsufficient manner. Discoveries obtained using mouse models will have a great impact on HCC translational medicine.
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82
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Mathis BJ, Lai Y, Qu C, Janicki JS, Cui T. CYLD-mediated signaling and diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 16:284-94. [PMID: 25342597 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666141024152421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The conserved cylindromatosis (CYLD) codes for a deubiquitinating enzyme and is a crucial regulator of diverse cellular processes such as immune responses, inflammation, death, and proliferation. It directly regulates multiple key signaling cascades, such as the Nuclear Factor kappa B [NFkB] and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways, by its catalytic activity on polyubiquitinated key intermediates. Several lines of emerging evidence have linked CYLD to the pathogenesis of various maladies, including cancer, poor infection control, lung fibrosis, neural development, and now cardiovascular dysfunction. While CYLD-mediated signaling is cell type and stimuli specific, the activity of CYLD is tightly controlled by phosphorylation and other regulators such as Snail. This review explores a broad selection of current and past literature regarding CYLD's expression, function and regulation with emerging reports on its role in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
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83
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Sun B, Li L, Ma W, Wang S, Huang C. MiR-130b inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells via CYLD. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7981-7. [PMID: 26711782 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A role of microRNA-130b (miR-130b) in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer remains undetermined. In this study, we studied the effects and mechanism of miR-130b to the gastric cell proliferation and apoptosis. We found that the levels of miR-130b significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissue, compared to the paired adjacent non-tumor gastric tissue. The miR-130b levels in gastric cancer cell lines were significantly higher than those in control normal gastric tissues. Transfection with the miR-130b mimic enhanced the cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, while transfection with the anti-sense of miR-130b (anti-miR-130b) suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Bioinformatics analyses showed that cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) was a potential target gene of miR-130b. The luciferase activity assay and western blot verified that miR-130b targeted CYLD messenger RNA (mRNA) to modulate its protein levels. Together, our study suggests that aberrantly expressed miR-130b may regulate cell apoptosis and proliferation of human gastric cancer cells via CYLD, which appears to be a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyou Sun
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lei Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wendong Ma
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shikang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chunjin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Huadong Hospital of Fudan University, 221 Yananxi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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84
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Lo PK, Wolfson B, Zhou X, Duru N, Gernapudi R, Zhou Q. Noncoding RNAs in breast cancer. Brief Funct Genomics 2015; 15:200-21. [PMID: 26685283 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian transcriptome has recently been revealed to encompass a large number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a variety of important regulatory roles in gene expression and other biological processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the best studied of the short noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), have been extensively characterized with regard to their biogenesis, function and importance in tumorigenesis. Another class of sncRNAs called piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) has also gained attention recently in cancer research owing to their critical role in stem cell regulation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) of >200 nucleotides in length have recently emerged as key regulators of developmental processes, including mammary gland development. lncRNA dysregulation has also been implicated in the development of various cancers, including breast cancer. In this review, we describe and discuss the roles of sncRNAs (including miRNAs and piRNAs) and lncRNAs in the initiation and progression of breast tumorigenesis, with a focus on outlining the molecular mechanisms of oncogenic and tumor-suppressor ncRNAs. Moreover, the current and potential future applications of ncRNAs to clinical breast cancer research are also discussed, with an emphasis on ncRNA-based diagnosis, prognosis and future therapeutics.
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85
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Li W, Xiao J, Zhou X, Xu M, Hu C, Xu X, Lu Y, Liu C, Xue S, Nie L, Zhang H, Li Z, Zhang Y, Ji F, Hui L, Tao W, Wei B, Wang H. STK4 regulates TLR pathways and protects against chronic inflammation-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4239-54. [PMID: 26457732 DOI: 10.1172/jci81203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently associated with pathogen infection-induced chronic inflammation. Large numbers of innate immune cells are present in HCCs and can influence disease outcome. Here, we demonstrated that the tumor suppressor serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 (STK4) differentially regulates TLR3/4/9-mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages and thereby is protective against chronic inflammation-associated HCC. STK4 dampened TLR4/9-induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion but enhanced TLR3/4-triggered IFN-β production via binding to and phosphorylating IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), leading to IRAK1 degradation. Notably, macrophage-specific Stk4 deletion resulted in chronic inflammation, liver fibrosis, and HCC in mice treated with a combination of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and CCl4, along with either LPS or E. coli infection. STK4 expression was markedly reduced in macrophages isolated from human HCC patients and was inversely associated with the levels of IRAK1, IL-6, and phospho-p65 or phospho-STAT3. Moreover, serum STK4 levels were specifically decreased in HCC patients with high levels of IL-6. In STK4-deficient mice, treatment with an IRAK1/4 inhibitor after DEN administration reduced serum IL-6 levels and liver tumor numbers to levels similar to those observed in the control mice. Together, our results suggest that STK4 has potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for inflammation-induced HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diethylnitrosamine
- Escherichia coli Infections/complications
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Hepatitis, Animal/chemically induced
- Hepatitis, Animal/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-beta/biosynthesis
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases/physiology
- Interleukin-6/analysis
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Liver Neoplasms/chemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/blood
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/analysis
- Signal Transduction
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Toll-Like Receptors/immunology
- Transcription Factor RelA/analysis
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86
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Abstract
Hepatocyte death, inflammation, and liver fibrosis are the hallmarks of chronic liver disease. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is an inflammatory cytokine involved in liver inflammation and sustained liver inflammation leads to liver fibrosis. TNFα exerts inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, the role of TNFα signaling in liver fibrosis is not fully understood. This review highlights the recent findings demonstrating the molecular mechanisms of TNFα and its downstream signaling in liver fibrosis. During the progression of liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cells play a pivotal role in a dynamic process of production of extracellular matrix proteins and modulation of immune response. Hepatic stellate cells transdifferentiate into activated myofibroblasts in response to damaged hepatocyte-derived mediators and immune cell-derived cytokines/chemokines. Here, we will discuss the role of TNFα in hepatic stellate cell survival and activation and the crosstalk between hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes or other immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells in the development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Mee Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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87
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Sasaki K, Iwai K. Roles of linear ubiquitinylation, a crucial regulator of NF-κB and cell death, in the immune system. Immunol Rev 2015; 266:175-89. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Sasaki
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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88
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Li ZX, Wang YM, Tang FB, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Ma JL, Zhou T, You WC, Pan KF. NOD1 and NOD2 Genetic Variants in Association with Risk of Gastric Cancer and Its Precursors in a Chinese Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124949. [PMID: 25933107 PMCID: PMC4416772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD) may influence the outcome of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastric carcinogenesis. To explore genetic variants of NOD1 and NOD2 in association with gastric cancer (GC) and its precursors, a population-based study was conducted in Linqu County, China. METHODS TagSNPs of NOD1 and NOD2 were genotyped by Sequenom MASS array in 132 GCs, and 1,198 subjects with precancerous gastric lesions, and were correlated with evolution of gastric lesions in 766 subjects with follow-up data. RESULTS Among seven tagSNPs, NOD1 rs2709800 and NOD2 rs718226 were associated with gastric lesions. NOD1 rs2709800 TG genotype carriers had a decreased risk of intestinal metaplasia (IM, OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.31-0.92), while NOD2 rs718226 G allele (AG/GG) showed increased risks of dysplasia (DYS, OR: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.86-4.71) and GC (OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.24-4.46). Moreover, an additive interaction between rs718226 and H. pylori was found in DYS or GC with synergy index of 3.08 (95% CI: 1.38-6.87) or 3.99 (95% CI: 1.55-10.22), respectively. The follow-up data indicated that NOD2 rs2111235 C allele (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.32-0.83) and rs7205423 G allele (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35-0.89) were associated with decreased risk of progression in H. pylori-infected subjects. CONCLUSIONS NOD1 rs2709800, NOD2 rs718226, rs2111235, rs7205423 and interaction between rs718226 and H. pylori infection may be related to risk of gastric lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fu-cheng Road, Hai-dian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fu-cheng Road, Hai-dian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Fu-Bing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fu-cheng Road, Hai-dian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fu-cheng Road, Hai-dian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fu-cheng Road, Hai-dian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jun-Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fu-cheng Road, Hai-dian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fu-cheng Road, Hai-dian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wei-Cheng You
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fu-cheng Road, Hai-dian District, Beijing 100142, China
- * E-mail: (KFP); (WCY)
| | - Kai-Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fu-cheng Road, Hai-dian District, Beijing 100142, China
- * E-mail: (KFP); (WCY)
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89
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Deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD mediates pressure overload-induced cardiac maladaptive remodeling and dysfunction via downregulating Nrf2. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 84:143-53. [PMID: 25935309 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) consists of ubiquitin, ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), ubiquitin ligases (E3s), proteasomes, and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Ubiquitin, E1s, several E2s, E3s, and proteasomes play an important role in the regulation of cardiac homeostasis and dysfunction; however, less is known about the role of DUBs in the heart. Here, we uncovered a crucial role of cyclindromatosis (CYLD), a DUB, in mediating cardiac maladaptive remodeling and dysfunction. CYLD expression was dramatically upregulated in the cardiomyocytes of hypertrophic and failing human and murine hearts. Knockout of CYLD improved survival rate and alleviated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and dysfunction in mice that were subjected to sustained pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction. Deep sequencing and gene array analyses revealed that the most dramatically changed genes are those involving in the free radical scavenging pathway and cardiovascular disease, including fos, jun, myc, and nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the heart. Moreover, knockdown of CYLD enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK- and p38-mediated expression of c-jun, c-fos, and c-myc, which govern Nrf2 expression in cardiomyocytes. The CYLD deficiency-induced suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, death and hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes was blocked by additional knockdown of Nrf2. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that CYLD mediates cardiac maladaptive remodeling and dysfunction, most likely via enhancing myocardial oxidative stress in response to pressure overload. At the molecular level, CYLD interrupts the ERK- and p38-/AP-1 and c-Myc pathways to suppress Nrf2-operated antioxidative capacity, thereby enhancing oxidative stress in the heart.
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90
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Huang DH, Wang GY, Zhang JW, Li Y, Zeng XC, Jiang N. MiR-501-5p regulates CYLD expression and promotes cell proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:738-44. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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91
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and the third leading cause of cancer mortality. The great majority of patients are not eligible for curative therapies, and therapeutic approaches for advanced disease show only limited efficacy. Difficulties to treat HCC are due to the heterogenous genetic alterations of HCC, profound alterations in the hepatic microenvironment, and incomplete understanding of HCC biology. Mouse models of HCC will be helpful to improve our understanding of HCC biology, the contributions of the specific pathways and genetic alterations to carcinogenesis. In addition, mouse models of HCC may contribute to elucidate the role of the tumor microenvironment, and serve as models for preclinical studies. As no single mouse model is appropriate to study all of the above, we discuss key features and limitations of commonly used models. Furthermore, we provide detailed protocols for select models, in which HCC is induced genetically, chemically or by transplantation of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Matias Caviglia
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, Russ Berrie Pavilion, Room 415, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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92
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Nikolaou KC, Moulos P, Chalepakis G, Hatzis P, Oda H, Reinberg D, Talianidis I. Spontaneous development of hepatocellular carcinoma with cancer stem cell properties in PR-SET7-deficient livers. EMBO J 2014; 34:430-47. [PMID: 25515659 PMCID: PMC4330999 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PR-SET7-mediated histone 4 lysine 20 methylation has been implicated in mitotic condensation, DNA damage response and replication licensing. Here, we show that PR-SET7 function in the liver is pivotal for maintaining genome integrity. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of PR-SET7 in mouse embryos resulted in G2 phase arrest followed by massive cell death and defect in liver organogenesis. Inactivation at postnatal stages caused cell duplication-dependent hepatocyte necrosis, accompanied by inflammation, fibrosis and compensatory growth induction of neighboring hepatocytes and resident ductal progenitor cells. Prolonged necrotic regenerative cycles coupled with oncogenic STAT3 activation led to the spontaneous development of hepatic tumors composed of cells with cancer stem cell characteristics. These include a capacity to self-renew in culture or in xenografts and the ability to differentiate to phenotypically distinct hepatic cells. Hepatocellular carcinoma in PR-SET7-deficient mice displays a cancer stem cell gene signature specified by the co-expression of ductal progenitor markers and oncofetal genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Hisanobu Oda
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan Gastrointestinal and Oncology Division, National Kyusyu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Danny Reinberg
- HHMI, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
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93
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Rajan N, Elliott RJ, Smith A, Sinclair N, Swift S, Lord CJ, Ashworth A. The cylindromatosis gene product, CYLD, interacts with MIB2 to regulate notch signalling. Oncotarget 2014; 5:12126-40. [PMID: 25565632 PMCID: PMC4322962 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CYLD, an ubiquitin hydrolase, has an expanding repertoire of regulatory roles in cell signalling and is dysregulated in a number of cancers. To dissect CYLD function we used a proteomics approach to identify CYLD interacting proteins and identified MIB2, an ubiquitin ligase enzyme involved in Notch signalling, as a protein which interacts with CYLD. Coexpression of CYLD and MIB2 resulted in stabilisation of MIB2 protein levels and was associated with reduced levels of JAG2, a ligand implicated in Notch signalling. Conversely, gene silencing of CYLD using siRNA, resulted in increased JAG2 expression and upregulation of Notch signalling. We investigated Notch pathway activity in skin tumours from patients with germline mutations in CYLD and found that JAG2 protein levels and Notch target genes were upregulated. In particular, RUNX1 was overexpressed in CYLD defective tumour cells. Finally, primary cell cultures of CYLD defective tumours demonstrated reduced viability when exposed to γ-secretase inhibitors that pharmacologically target Notch signalling. Taken together these data indicate an oncogenic dependency on Notch signalling and suggest potential novel therapeutic approaches for patients with CYLD defective tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Rajan
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Richard J.R. Elliott
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Alice Smith
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Naomi Sinclair
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Sally Swift
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
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Urbanik T, Koehler BC, Wolpert L, Elßner C, Scherr AL, Longerich T, Kautz N, Welte S, Hövelmeyer N, Jäger D, Waisman A, Schulze-Bergkamen H. CYLD deletion triggers nuclear factor-κB-signaling and increases cell death resistance in murine hepatocytes. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17049-17064. [PMID: 25493017 PMCID: PMC4258573 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.17049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the role of CYLD for receptor-mediated cell death of murine hepatocytes in acute liver injury models.
METHODS: Hepatocyte cell death in CYLD knockout mice (CYLD-/-) was analyzed by application of liver injury models for CD95- (Jo2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α- [D-GalN/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] induced apoptosis. Liver injury was assessed by measurement of serum transaminases and histological analysis. Apoptosis induction was quantified by cleaved PARP staining and Western blotting of activated caspases. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, ERK, Akt and jun amino-terminal kinases signaling were assessed. Primary Hepatocytes were isolated by two step-collagenase perfusion and treated with recombinant TNF-α and with the CD95-ligand Jo2. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT-assay.
RESULTS: Livers of CYLD-/- mice showed increased anti-apoptotic NF-κB signaling. In both applied liver injury models CYLD-/- mice showed a significantly reduced apoptosis sensitivity. After D-GalN/LPS treatment CYLD-/- mice exhibited significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (295 U/L vs 859 U/L, P < 0.05) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (560 U/L vs 1025 U/L, P < 0.01). After Jo injection CYLD-/- mice showed 2-fold lower ALT (50 U/L vs 110 U/L, P < 0.01) and lower AST (250 U/L vs 435 U/L, P < 0.01) serum-levels compared to WT mice. In addition, isolated CYLD-/- primary murine hepatocytes (PMH) were less sensitive towards death receptor-mediated apoptosis and showed increased levels of Bcl-2, XIAP, cIAP1/2, survivin and c-FLIP expression upon TNF- and CD95-receptor triggering, respectively. Inhibition of NF-κB activation by the inhibitor of NF-κB phosphorylation inhibitor BAY 11-7085 inhibited the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and re-sensitized CYLD-/- PMH towards TNF- and CD95-receptor mediated cell death.
CONCLUSION: CYLD is a central regulator of apoptotic cell death in murine hepatocytes by controlling NF-κB dependent anti-apoptotic signaling.
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95
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Welte S, Urbanik T, Elßner C, Kautz N, Koehler BC, Waldburger N, Bermejo JL, Pinna F, Weiss KH, Schemmer P, Jaeger D, Longerich T, Breuhahn K, Schulze-Bergkamen H. Nuclear expression of the deubiquitinase CYLD is associated with improved survival in human hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110591. [PMID: 25329885 PMCID: PMC4199737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The deubiquitinase CYLD removes (K-63)-linked polyubiquitin chains from proteins involved in NF-κB, Wnt/ß-catenin and Bcl-3 signaling. Reduced CYLD expression has been reported in different tumor entities, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Furthermore, loss of CYLD has been shown to contribute to HCC development in knockout animal models. This study aimed to assess subcellular CYLD expression in tumor tissues and its prognostic significance in HCC patients undergoing liver resection or liver transplantation. Methods Subcellular localization of CYLD was assessed by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues of 95 HCC patients undergoing liver resection or transplantation. Positive nuclear CYLD staining was defined as an immunhistochemical (IHC) score ≥3. Positive cytoplasmic CYLD staining was defined as an IHC score ≥6. The relationship with clinicopathological parameters was investigated. Cell culture experiments were performed to analyze subcellular CYLD expression in vitro. Results Cytoplasmic CYLD expression was observed in 57 out of 95 (60%) HCC specimens (cyt°CYLD+). Nuclear CYLD staining was positive in 52 out of 95 specimens (55%, nucCYLD+). 13 out of 52 nucCYLD+ patients (25%) showed a lack of cytoplasmic CYLD expression. nucCYLD+ was associated with prolonged overall survival in patients after resection or liver transplantation (P = 0.007). 5-year overall survival rates were 63% in nucCYLD+vs. 26% in nucCYLD- patients. Nuclear CYLD staining strongly correlated with tumor grading (P<0.001) and Ki67 positivity (P = 0.005). nucCYLD+ did not prove to be an independent prognostic parameter. In vitro, Huh7, Hep3B and HepG2 showed reduced CYLD levels compared to the non-malignant liver cell line THLE-2. Induction of CYLD expression by doxorubicin treatment led to increased cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of CYLD. Conclusions Expression of nuclear CYLD is a novel prognostic factor for improved survival in patients with HCC undergoing liver resection or transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Welte
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine VI, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Toni Urbanik
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine VI, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christin Elßner
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine VI, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kautz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine VI, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Christian Koehler
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine VI, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Waldburger
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justo Lorenzo Bermejo
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Pinna
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Weiss
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toxicology, and Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schemmer
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jaeger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine VI, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henning Schulze-Bergkamen
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine VI, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Diabetology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine II, Marien-Hospital, Wesel, Germany
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96
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Yang L, Karin M. Roles of tumor suppressors in regulating tumor-associated inflammation. Cell Death Differ 2014. [PMID: 25190145 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.131.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss or silencing of tumor suppressors (TSs) promotes neoplastic transformation and malignant progression. To date, most work on TS has focused on their cell autonomous effects. Recent evidence, however, demonstrates an important noncell autonomous role for TS in the control of tumor-associated inflammation. We review evidence from clinical data sets and mouse model studies demonstrating enhanced inflammation and altered tumor microenvironment (TME) upon TS inactivation. We discuss clinical correlations between tumor-associated inflammation and inactivation of TS, and their therapeutic implications. This review sets forth the concept that TS can also suppress tumor-associated inflammation, a concept that provides new insights into tumor-host interactions. We also propose that in some cases the loss of TS function in cancer can be overcome through inhibition of the resulting inflammatory response, regardless whether it is a direct or an indirect consequence of TS loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
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97
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Yang L, Karin M. Roles of tumor suppressors in regulating tumor-associated inflammation. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1677-86. [PMID: 25190145 PMCID: PMC4211367 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss or silencing of tumor suppressors (TSs) promotes neoplastic transformation and malignant progression. To date, most work on TS has focused on their cell autonomous effects. Recent evidence, however, demonstrates an important noncell autonomous role for TS in the control of tumor-associated inflammation. We review evidence from clinical data sets and mouse model studies demonstrating enhanced inflammation and altered tumor microenvironment (TME) upon TS inactivation. We discuss clinical correlations between tumor-associated inflammation and inactivation of TS, and their therapeutic implications. This review sets forth the concept that TS can also suppress tumor-associated inflammation, a concept that provides new insights into tumor-host interactions. We also propose that in some cases the loss of TS function in cancer can be overcome through inhibition of the resulting inflammatory response, regardless whether it is a direct or an indirect consequence of TS loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
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98
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Pannem RR, Dorn C, Hellerbrand C, Massoumi R. Cylindromatosis gene CYLD regulates hepatocyte growth factor expression in hepatic stellate cells through interaction with histone deacetylase 7. Hepatology 2014; 60:1066-81. [PMID: 24811579 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic fibrosis is considered as a physiological wound-healing response to liver injury. The process involves several factors, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which restrains hepatic injury and facilitates reversibility of fibrotic reaction in response to an acute insult. Chronic liver injury and sustained inflammation cause progressive fibrosis and, ultimately, organ dysfunction. The mechanisms tipping the balance from restoration to progressive liver tissue scarring are not well understood. In the present study, we identify a mechanism in which the tumor-suppressor gene, cylindromatosis (CYLD), confers protection from hepatocellular injury and fibrosis. Mice lacking CYLD (CYLD-/-) were highly susceptible to hepatocellular damage, inflammation, and fibrosis and revealed significantly lower hepatic HGF levels, compared to wild-type (WT) animals. Exogenous application of HGF rescued the liver injury phenotype of CYLD-/- mice. In the absence of CYLD, gene transcription of HGF in hepatic stellate cells was repressed through binding of histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) to the promoter of HGF. In WT cells, CYLD removed HDAC7 from the HGF promoter and induced HGF expression. Of note, this interaction occurred independently of the deubiquitinating activity of CYLD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a novel link between CYLD and HDAC7, offering mechanistic insight into the contribution of these proteins to progression of liver disease. Thus, through regulation of HGF level, CYLD ameliorates hepatocellular damage and liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswara R Pannem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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99
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Iannelli F, Collino A, Sinha S, Radaelli E, Nicoli P, D'Antiga L, Sonzogni A, Faivre J, Buendia MA, Sturm E, Thompson RJ, Knisely AS, Natoli G, Ghisletti S, Ciccarelli FD. Massive gene amplification drives paediatric hepatocellular carcinoma caused by bile salt export pump deficiency. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3850. [PMID: 24819516 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is almost invariably associated with an underlying inflammatory state, whose direct contribution to the acquisition of critical genomic changes is unclear. Here we map acquired genomic alterations in human and mouse HCCs induced by defects in hepatocyte biliary transporters, which expose hepatocytes to bile salts and cause chronic inflammation that develops into cancer. In both human and mouse cancer genomes, we find few somatic point mutations with no impairment of cancer genes, but massive gene amplification and rearrangements. This genomic landscape differs from that of virus- and alcohol-associated liver cancer. Copy-number gains preferentially occur at late stages of cancer development and frequently target the MAPK signalling pathway, and in particular direct regulators of JNK. The pharmacological inhibition of JNK retards cancer progression in the mouse. Our study demonstrates that intrahepatic cholestasis leading to hepatocyte exposure to bile acids and inflammation promotes cancer through genomic modifications that can be distinguished from those determined by other aetiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Iannelli
- 1] European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Department of Experimental Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy [2]
| | - Agnese Collino
- 1] European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Department of Experimental Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy [2]
| | - Shruti Sinha
- 1] European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Department of Experimental Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy [2] Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK [3]
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, O&N4 Herestraat 49 box 602, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paola Nicoli
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Department of Experimental Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D'Antiga
- Paediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS - Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità 1, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Sonzogni
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS - Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità 1, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Jamila Faivre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U785, University Paris-Sud, France, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F94800, France
| | - Marie Annick Buendia
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U785, University Paris-Sud, France, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F94800, France
| | - Ekkehard Sturm
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - A S Knisely
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Department of Experimental Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Ghisletti
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Department of Experimental Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca D Ciccarelli
- 1] European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Department of Experimental Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy [2] Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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100
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Dibra D, Mishra L, Li S. Molecular mechanisms of oncogene-induced inflammation and inflammation-sustained oncogene activation in gastrointestinal tumors: an under-appreciated symbiotic relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:152-60. [PMID: 24821201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an integral part in tumor initiation. Specifically, patients with colitis, pancreatitis, or hepatitis have an increased susceptibility to cancer. The activation, mutation, and overexpression of oncogenes have been well documented in cell proliferation and transformation. Recently, oncogenes were found to also regulate the inflammatory milieu in tumors. Similarly, the inflammatory milieu can promote oncogene activation. In this review, we summarize advances of the symbiotic relationship oncogene activation and inflammation in gastrointestinal tumors such as colorectal, hepatic, and pancreatic tumors. NF-κB and STAT3 are the two most common pathways that are deregulated via these oncogenes. Understanding these interactions may yield effective therapeutic strategies for tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denada Dibra
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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