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Emerging resistance to aminoglycosides in lactic acid bacteria of food origin—an impending menace. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1137-1151. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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52
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Yin S, Jiang H, Chen D, Murchie AIH. Substrate recognition and modification by the nosiheptide resistance methyltransferase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122972. [PMID: 25910005 PMCID: PMC4409310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The proliferation of antibiotic resistant pathogens is an increasing threat to the general public. Resistance may be conferred by a number of mechanisms including covalent or mutational modification of the antibiotic binding site, covalent modification of the drug, or the over-expression of efflux pumps. The nosiheptide resistance methyltransferase (NHR) confers resistance to the thiazole antibiotic nosiheptide in the nosiheptide producer organism Streptomyces actuosus through 2ʹO-methylation of 23S rRNA at the nucleotide A1067. Although the crystal structures of NHR and the closely related thiostrepton-resistance methyltransferase (TSR) in complex with the cofactor S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) are available, the principles behind NHR substrate recognition and catalysis remain unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings We have analyzed the binding interactions between NHR and model 58 and 29 nucleotide substrate RNAs by gel electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSA) and fluorescence anisotropy. We show that the enzyme binds to RNA as a dimer. By constructing a hetero-dimer complex composed of one wild-type subunit and one inactive mutant NHR-R135A subunit, we show that only one functional subunit of the NHR homodimer is required for its enzymatic activity. Mutational analysis suggests that the interactions between neighbouring bases (G1068 and U1066) and A1067 have an important role in methyltransfer activity, such that the substitution of a deoxy sugar spacer (5ʹ) to the target nucleotide achieved near wild-type levels of methylation. A series of atomic substitutions at specific positions on the substrate adenine show that local base-base interactions between neighbouring bases are important for methylation. Conclusion/Significance Taken together these data suggest that local base-base interactions play an important role in aligning the substrate 2’ hydroxyl group of A1067 for methyl group transfer. Methylation of nucleic acids is playing an increasingly important role in fundamental biological processes and we anticipate that the approach outlined in this manuscript may be useful for investigating other classes of nucleic acid methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Hengyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Dongrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- * E-mail: (AM); (DC)
| | - Alastair I. H. Murchie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- * E-mail: (AM); (DC)
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53
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Fosso MY, Li Y, Garneau-Tsodikova S. New trends in aminoglycosides use. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014; 5:1075-1091. [PMID: 25071928 PMCID: PMC4111210 DOI: 10.1039/c4md00163j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite their inherent toxicity and the acquired bacterial resistance that continuously threaten their long-term clinical use, aminoglycosides (AGs) still remain valuable components of the antibiotic armamentarium. Recent literature shows that the AGs' role has been further expanded as multi-tasking players in different areas of study. This review aims at presenting some of the new trends observed in the use of AGs in the past decade, along with the current understanding of their mechanisms of action in various bacterial and eukaryotic cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Y. Fosso
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, BioPharm Complex, Room 423, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, U.S.A
| | - Yijia Li
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, BioPharm Complex, Room 423, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, U.S.A
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, BioPharm Complex, Room 423, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, U.S.A
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54
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Weigand JE, Gottstein-Schmidtke SR, Demolli S, Groher F, Duchardt-Ferner E, Wöhnert J, Suess B. Sequence elements distal to the ligand binding pocket modulate the efficiency of a synthetic riboswitch. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1627-37. [PMID: 24954073 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic riboswitches can serve as sophisticated genetic control devices in synthetic biology, regulating gene expression through direct RNA-ligand interactions. We analyzed a synthetic neomycin riboswitch, which folds into a stem loop structure with an internal loop important for ligand binding and regulation. It is closed by a terminal hexaloop containing a U-turn and a looped-out adenine. We investigated the relationship between sequence, structure, and biological activity in the terminal loop by saturating mutagenesis, ITC, and NMR. Mutants corresponding to the canonical U-turn fold retained biological activity. An improvement of stacking interactions in the U-turn led to an RNA element with slightly enhanced regulatory activity. For the first position of the U-turn motif and the looped out base, sequence-activity relationships that could not initially be explained on the basis of the structure of the aptamer-ligand complex were observed. However, NMR studies of these mutants revealed subtle relationships between structure and dynamics of the aptamer in its free or bound state and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Weigand
- Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)
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55
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Wachter A. Gene regulation by structured mRNA elements. Trends Genet 2014; 30:172-81. [PMID: 24780087 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The precise temporal and spatial coordination of gene activity, based on the integration of internal and external signals, is crucial for the accurate functioning of all biological processes. Although the basic principles of gene expression were established some 60 years ago, recent research has revealed a surprising complexity in the control of gene activity. Many of these gene regulatory mechanisms occur at the level of the mRNA, including sophisticated gene control tasks mediated by structured mRNA elements. We now know that mRNA folds can serve as highly specific receptors for various types of molecules, as exemplified by metabolite-binding riboswitches, and interfere with pro- and eukaryotic gene expression at the level of transcription, translation, and RNA processing. Gene regulation by structured mRNA elements comprises versatile strategies including self-cleaving ribozymes, RNA-folding-mediated occlusion or presentation of cis-regulatory sequences, and sequestration of trans-acting factors including other RNAs and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wachter
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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56
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Chen D, Murchie AIH. An aminoglycoside sensing riboswitch controls the expression of aminoglycoside resistance acetyltransferase and adenyltransferases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:951-8. [PMID: 24631585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens is an increasing threat to public health. The fundamental mechanisms that control the high levels of expression of antibiotic resistance genes are not yet completely understood. The aminoglycosides are one of the earliest classes of antibiotics that were introduced in the 1940s. In the clinic aminoglycoside resistance is conferred most commonly through enzymatic modification of the drug although resistance through enzymatic modification of the target rRNA through methylation or the overexpression of efflux pumps is also appearing. An aminoglycoside sensing riboswitch has been identified that controls expression of the aminoglycoside resistance genes that encode the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (AAC) and aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase (ANT) (adenyltransferase (AAD)) enzymes. AAC and ANT cause resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics through modification of the drugs. Expression of the AAC and ANT resistance genes is regulated by aminoglycoside binding to the 5' leader RNA of the aac/aad genes. The aminoglycoside sensing RNA is also associated with the integron cassette system that captures antibiotic resistance genes. Specific aminoglycoside binding to the leader RNA induces a structural transition in the leader RNA, and consequently induction of resistance protein expression. Reporter gene expression, direct measurements of drug RNA binding, chemical probing and UV cross-linking combined with mutational analysis demonstrated that the leader RNA functioned as an aminoglycoside sensing riboswitch in which drug binding to the leader RNA leads to the induction of aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Riboswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Alastair I H Murchie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhang Heng Road 826, Pudong 201203, Shanghai, PR China.
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Eyraud A, Tattevin P, Chabelskaya S, Felden B. A small RNA controls a protein regulator involved in antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:4892-905. [PMID: 24557948 PMCID: PMC4005690 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Staphylococcus aureus strains that are resistant to glycopeptides has led to alarming scenarios where serious staphylococcal infections cannot be treated. The bacterium expresses many small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) that have unknown biological functions for the most part. Here we show that an S. aureus sRNA, SprX (alias RsaOR), shapes bacterial resistance to glycopeptides, the invaluable treatments for Methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections. Modifying SprX expression levels influences Vancomycin and Teicoplanin glycopeptide resistance. Comparative proteomic studies have identified that SprX specifically downregulates stage V sporulation protein G, SpoVG. SpoVG is produced from the yabJ-spoVG operon and contributes to S. aureus glycopeptide resistance. SprX negatively regulates SpoVG expression by direct antisense pairings at the internal translation initiation signals of the second operon gene, without modifying bicistronic mRNA expression levels or affecting YabJ translation. The SprX and yabJ-spoVG mRNA domains involved in the interaction have been identified, highlighting the importance of a CU-rich loop of SprX in the control of SpoVG expression. We have shown that SpoVG might not be the unique SprX target involved in the glycopeptide resistance and demonstrated that the regulation of glycopeptide sensitivity involves the CU-rich domain of SprX. Here we report the case of a sRNA influencing antibiotic resistance of a major human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Eyraud
- Université de Rennes I, Inserm U835, Upres EA2311, Biochimie Pharmaceutique, 2 avenue du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
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Mehdizadeh Aghdam E, Barzegar A, Hejazi MS. Evolutionary Origin and Conserved Structural Building Blocks of Riboswitches and Ribosomal RNAs: Riboswitches as Probable Target Sites for Aminoglycosides Interaction. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:225-35. [PMID: 24754005 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Riboswitches, as noncoding RNA sequences, control gene expression through direct ligand binding. Sporadic reports on the structural relation of riboswitches with ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), raises an interest in possible similarity between riboswitches and rRNAs evolutionary origins. Since aminoglycoside antibiotics affect microbial cells through binding to functional sites of the bacterial rRNA, finding any conformational and functional relation between riboswitches/rRNAs is utmost important in both of medicinal and basic research. METHODS Analysis of the riboswitches structures were carried out using bioinformatics and computational tools. The possible functional similarity of riboswitches with rRNAs was evaluated based on the affinity of paromomycin antibiotic (targeting "A site" of 16S rRNA) to riboswitches via docking method. RESULTS There was high structural similarity between riboswitches and rRNAs, but not any particular sequence based similarity between them was found. The building blocks including "hairpin loop containing UUU", "peptidyl transferase center conserved hairpin A loop"," helix 45" and "S2 (G8) hairpin" as high identical rRNA motifs were detected in all kinds of riboswitches. Surprisingly, binding energies of paromomycin with different riboswitches are considerably better than the binding energy of paromomycin with "16S rRNA A site". Therefore the high affinity of paromomycin to bind riboswitches in comparison with rRNA "A site" suggests a new insight about riboswitches as possible targets for aminoglycoside antibiotics. CONCLUSION These findings are considered as a possible supporting evidence for evolutionary origin of riboswitches/rRNAs and also their role in the exertion of antibiotics effects to design new drugs based on the concomitant effects via rRNA/riboswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Mehdizadeh Aghdam
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegar
- Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. ; The School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (SABS), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; The School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (SABS), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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59
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Naparstek L, Carmeli Y, Navon-Venezia S, Banin E. Biofilm formation and susceptibility to gentamicin and colistin of extremely drug-resistant KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1027-34. [PMID: 24408988 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kpn) is a worldwide challenging pathogen, yet its biofilm-forming potential is not defined. We characterized biofilm formation of this pathogen and determined biofilm susceptibility to gentamicin and colistin. METHODS Forty-six KPC-Kpn clinical isolates were studied [sequence type (ST) 258, n = 28; and other STs, n = 18]. Biofilm biomass was determined using the standard assay measured by OD590 (where OD stands for optical density) and visualized using confocal microscopy. Antibiotic effect on biofilm formation was evaluated and susceptibility within biofilm was determined by the minimal biofilm elimination concentration (MBEC) method. RESULTS KPC-Kpn isolates produced biofilm in the range of 0.02-0.3 OD590, where ST258 isolates produced less biofilm compared with other STs (median OD590 0.07 versus 0.15, respectively; P < 0.05). Biofilm biovolumes were in the range of 354 ± 323 to 27,461.4 ± 11,886.7 μm(3). In the planktonic state, ST258 isolates were less resistant to gentamicin compared with other STs (resistance rates: 14% versus 66%, respectively; P < 0.05). Gentamicin-resistant isolates (MIC ≥ 32 mg/L) showed a dramatic increase in resistance within the biofilm (up to 234-fold), whereas gentamicin-susceptible isolates (MIC <32 mg/L) retained their susceptibility. The elevated gentamicin resistance was not due to overexpression of the aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(3)-II in the biofilm state. Resistance to colistin in biofilm increased as well, but was less prominent (P < 0.05). Biofilm biomass did not affect the MBECs of gentamicin and colistin, regardless of the genetic lineage. CONCLUSIONS KPC-Kpn and particularly ST258 do not form massive biofilms. Nevertheless, susceptibility to gentamicin of this endemic lineage is retained in its biofilm state, supporting the use of this antibiotic in the clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livnat Naparstek
- Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory, Division of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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60
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61
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Woegerbauer M, Zeinzinger J, Springer B, Hufnagl P, Indra A, Korschineck I, Hofrichter J, Kopacka I, Fuchs R, Steinwider J, Fuchs K, Nielsen KM, Allerberger F. Prevalence of the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase genes aph(3')-IIIa and aph(3')-IIa in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Austria. J Med Microbiol 2013; 63:210-217. [PMID: 24194558 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.065789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminoglycoside phosphotransferase aph(3')-IIa primarily inactivates kanamycin and neomycin, whilst aph(3')-IIIa also inactivates amikacin. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of both resistance genes in major human pathogens to obtain their baseline prevalence in the gene pool of these bacterial populations in Austria. In total, 10 541 Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected representatively without selection bias between 2008 and 2011. Isolates were analysed by aph(3')-IIIa/nptIII- and aph(3')-IIa/nptII-specific TaqMan real-time PCR. For positive strains, MICs using Etests were performed and resistance gene sequences were determined. The overall prevalence of aph(3')-IIIa/nptIII was 1.62 % (95 % confidence interval: 1.38-1.88 %). In Escherichia coli, enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella spp., the aph(3')-IIIa/nptIII prevalence was 0.47 % (0-1.47 %), 37.53 % (32.84-42.40 %), 2.90 % (1.51-5.02 %), 0 % (0-0.32 %) and 0 % (0-0.037 %), respectively. Eleven of a total of 169 carriers showed single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the resistance allele. The overall prevalence of aph(3')-IIa/nptII was 0.0096 % (0-0.046 %). Escherichia coli (0-0.70 %), enterococci (0-0.75 %), Staphylococcus aureus (0-0.73 %) and P. aeruginosa (0-0.32 %) did not carry aph(3')-IIa. A single Salmonella isolate was positive, resulting in an aph(3')-IIa prevalence of 0.013 % (0-0.058 %). aph(3')-IIIa/nptIII carriers were moderately prevalent in the strains tested except for in enterococci, which appeared to be an important reservoir for aph(3')-IIIa. aph(3')-IIa/nptII genes were detected at clinically irrelevant frequencies and played no significant role in the aminoglycoside resistance gene pool during the observation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Woegerbauer
- Division for Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit), Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Zeinzinger
- Division for Public Health, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit), Vienna, Austria
| | - Burkhard Springer
- Division for Public Health, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit), Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Hufnagl
- Division for Public Health, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit), Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Indra
- Division for Public Health, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Hofrichter
- Division for Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian Kopacka
- Division for Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit), Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Fuchs
- Division for Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit), Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Steinwider
- Division for Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit), Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Fuchs
- Division for Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Franz Allerberger
- Division for Public Health, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit), Vienna, Austria
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Lünse CE, Schüller A, Mayer G. The promise of riboswitches as potential antibacterial drug targets. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 304:79-92. [PMID: 24140145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboswitches represent promising novel RNA structures for developing compounds that artificially regulate gene expression and, thus, bacterial growth. The past years have seen increasing efforts to identify metabolite-analogues which act on riboswitches and which reveal antibacterial activity. Here, we summarize the current inventory of riboswitch-targeting compounds, their characteristics and antibacterial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Lünse
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Schüller
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Günter Mayer
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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63
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Caldelari I, Chao Y, Romby P, Vogel J. RNA-mediated regulation in pathogenic bacteria. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:a010298. [PMID: 24003243 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a010298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria possess intricate regulatory networks that temporally control the production of virulence factors, and enable the bacteria to survive and proliferate after host infection. Regulatory RNAs are now recognized as important components of these networks, and their study may not only identify new approaches to combat infectious diseases but also reveal new general control mechanisms involved in bacterial gene expression. In this review, we illustrate the diversity of regulatory RNAs in bacterial pathogens, their mechanism of action, and how they can be integrated into the regulatory circuits that govern virulence-factor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Caldelari
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
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64
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65
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He W, Zhang X, Zhang J, Jia X, Zhang J, Sun W, Jiang H, Chen D, Murchie AIH. Riboswitch control of induction of aminoglycoside resistance acetyl and adenyl-transferases. RNA Biol 2013; 10:1266-73. [PMID: 23880830 DOI: 10.4161/rna.25757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of antibiotic resistance by human pathogens poses a significant threat to public health. The mechanisms that control the proliferation and expression of antibiotic resistance genes are not yet completely understood. The aminoglycosides are a historically important class of antibiotics that were introduced in the 1940s. Aminoglycoside resistance is conferred most commonly through enzymatic modification of the drug or enzymatic modification of the target rRNA through methylation or through the overexpression of efflux pumps. In our recent paper, we reported that expression of the aminoglycoside resistance genes encoding the aminoglycoside acetyl transferase (AAC) and aminoglycoside adenyl transferase (AAD) enzymes was controlled by an aminoglycoside-sensing riboswitch RNA. This riboswitch is embedded in the leader RNA of the aac/aad genes and is associated with the integron cassette system. The leader RNA can sense and bind specific aminoglycosides such that the binding causes a structural transition in the leader RNA, which leads to the induction of aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance. Specific aminoglycosides induce reporter gene expression mediated by the leader RNA. Aminoglycoside RNA binding was measured directly and, aminoglycoside-induced changes in RNA structure monitored by chemical probing. UV cross-linking and mutational analysis identified potential aminoglycoside binding sites on the RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine; the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, PR China; School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Pudong, Shanghai, China
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66
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Hofer U. Aminoglycosides flip the switch on resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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