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Fukushima S, Shiotani A, Matsumoto H, Handa O, Handa Y, Osawa M, Murao T, Umegaki E, Kawano M, Inoue R, Naito Y. Comparison of mucosa-associated microbiota in Crohn’s disease patients with and without anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 70:182-188. [PMID: 35400819 PMCID: PMC8921723 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on the gut microbiome of Crohn’s disease have been conducted using feces, instead of intestinal mucus to analyze the mucosa-associated microbiota. To investigate the characteristics of mucosa-associated microbiota in Crohn’s disease patients and the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy on mucosa-associated microbiota, we analyzed microbiota in Crohn’s disease patients using brushing samples taken from terminal ileum. The recruited subjects were 18 Crohn’s disease patients and 13 controls. There were 10 patients with anti-TNF-α therapy in Crohn’s disease group. Crohn’s disease patients had significantly reduced α-diversity in Shannon index compared to the controls. The comparative analysis of the taxonomic composition at the genus level between the Crohn’s disease group and the controls indicated that butyrate-producing bacteria were less abundant in the Crohn’s disease group compared to the controls. There were no differences in the diversity between the patients taking anti-TNF-α therapy and the patients without. The comparative analysis of the taxonomic composition at the genus level between the two groups indicated that some of anti-inflammatory bacteria were less abundant in the anti-TNF-α therapy group than the other. Reduction of specific bacteria producing anti-inflammatory molecules, especially butyrate-producing bacteria may play important roles in the pathophysiology of Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Osamu Handa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Medical School
| | - Yukiko Handa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Medical School
| | | | | | - Eiji Umegaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Medical School
| | - Mitsuoki Kawano
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Life Science, Chugokugakuen University
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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52
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Duan H, Yu L, Tian F, Zhai Q, Fan L, Chen W. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption and the potential protective strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1427-1452. [PMID: 33198506 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1843396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The oral antibiotic therapies administered widely to people and animals can cause gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption inevitably. Increasing attention has been directed toward antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis, which involves a loss of diversity, changes in the abundances of certain taxa and consequent effects on their metabolic capacity, and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Treatment with beta-lactam, glycopeptide, and macrolide antibiotics is associated with the depletion of beneficial commensal bacteria in the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. The gut microbiota is a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes, the prevalence of which increases sharply after antibiotic ingestion. The intestinal barrier, which comprises secretory, physical, and immunological barriers, is also a target of antibiotics. Antibiotic induced changes in the gut microbiota composition could induce weakening of the gut barrier through changes in mucin, cytokine, and antimicrobial peptide production by intestinal epithelial cells. Reports have indicated that dietary interventions involving prebiotics, probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and butyrate supplementation, as well as fecal microbiota transplantation, can alleviate antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and barrier injuries. This review summarizes the characteristics of antibiotic-associated gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption, as well as the strategies for alleviating this condition. This information is intended to provide a foundation for the exploration of safer, more efficient, and affordable strategies to prevent or relieve antibiotic-induced gut injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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53
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54
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Tang D, Zeng T, Wang Y, Cui H, Wu J, Zou B, Tao Z, Zhang L, Garside GB, Tao S. Dietary restriction increases protective gut bacteria to rescue lethal methotrexate-induced intestinal toxicity. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1714401. [PMID: 31983316 PMCID: PMC7524152 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1714401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a typical chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used in the treatment of various malignant diseases as well as autoimmune diseases, with gastrointestinal toxicity being its most prominent complication which could have a significant effect on the prognosis of patients. Yet effective ways to alleviate such complications remains to be explored. Here we show that 30% dietary restriction (DR) for 2 weeks dramatically increased the survival rate of 2-month-old female mice after lethal-dose MTX exposure. DR significantly reduced intestinal inflammation, preserved the number of basal crypt PCNA-positive cells, and protected the function of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) after MTX treatment. Furthermore, ablating intestinal microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics completely eliminated the protective effect achieved by DR. 16S rRNA gene deep-sequencing analysis revealed that short-term DR significantly increased the Lactobacillus genus, with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG gavage partially mimicking the rescue effect of DR on the intestines of ad libitum fed mice exposed to lethal-dose MTX. Together, the current study reveals that DR could be a highly effective way to alleviate the lethal injury in the intestine after high-dose MTX treatment, which is functionally mediated by increasing the protective intestinal microbiota taxa in mice. Keywords: Dietary restriction, Methotrexate, Gut microbiota, Intestinal stem cells, intestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duozhuang Tang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Cui
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianying Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bing Zou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhendong Tao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - George B. Garside
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Si Tao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,CONTACT Si Tao Min-De Road. 1, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province330006, China
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55
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Dietary Supplementation with Sodium Sulfate Improves Rumen Fermentation, Fiber Digestibility, and the Plasma Metabolome through Modulation of Rumen Bacterial Communities in Steers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01412-20. [PMID: 32859601 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01412-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six steers were used to study the effects of dietary supplementation with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, rumen microbiota, and plasma metabolites. The animals were fed a basal ration with Na2SO4 added at 0 g/day (sulfur [S] content of 0.115% dry matter [DM]), 20 g/day (S at 0.185% DM), or 40 g/day (S at 0.255% DM) in a replicate 3-by-3 Latin square design. The results indicated that supplementing with Na2SO4 increased the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids, the molar proportions of acetate and butyrate, the ruminal concentrations of microbial protein, SO4 2--S, and S2--S, and the digestibility of fiber, while it decreased the molar proportion of propionate and the ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen. Supplementing with Na2SO4 increased the diversity and the richness of rumen microbiota and the relative abundances of the phylum Firmicutes and genera Ruminococcus 2, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Desulfovibrio, whereas it decreased the relative abundances of the phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Prevotella 1, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and Treponema 2 Supplementing with Na2SO4 also increased the plasma concentrations of amino acids (l-arginine, l-methionine, l-cysteine, and l-lysine), purine derivatives (xanthine and hypoxanthine), vitamins (thiamine and biotin), and lipids (acetylcarnitine and l-carnitine). It was concluded that supplementing the steer ration with Na2SO4 was beneficial for improving the rumen fermentation, fiber digestibility, and nutrient metabolism through modulating the rumen microbial community.IMPORTANCE Essential elements like nitrogen and sulfur greatly affect rumen fermentation and metabolism in ruminants. However, little knowledge is available on the effects of sulfur on the rumen microbiota and plasma metabolome. The results of the present trial demonstrated that supplementing the steer ration with sodium sulfate markedly improved rumen fermentation, fiber digestibility, and metabolism of amino acids, purine derivatives, and vitamins through effects on the ruminal microbiome. The facts obtained from the present trial clarified the possible mechanisms of the positive effects of sulfur on rumen fermentation and nutrient utilization.
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56
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Post A, Said MY, Gomes-Neto AW, Minović I, Groothof D, Swarte JC, Boer T, Kema IP, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Franssen CFM, Bakker SJL. Urinary 3-hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine excretion, protein energy malnutrition and risk of all-cause mortality in kidney transplant recipients: Results from the TransplantLines cohort studies. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2109-2120. [PMID: 33071013 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine is an essential amino acid and a potent stimulator of muscle protein synthesis. Since muscle wasting is a major risk factor for mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTR), dietary leucine intake might be linked to long-term mortality. Urinary 3-hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine (3-HIC) excretion, a functional marker of marginal biotin deficiency, may also serve as a marker for dietary leucine intake. OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to investigate the cross-sectional determinants of urinary 3-HIC excretion and to prospectively investigate the association of urinary 3-HIC excretion with all-cause mortality in KTR. DESIGN Urinary 3-HIC excretion and plasma biotin were measured in a longitudinal cohort of 694 stable KTR. Cross-sectional and prospective analyses were performed using ordinary least squares linear regression analyses and Cox regression analyses, respectively. RESULTS In KTR (57% male, 53 ± 13 years, estimated glomerular filtration rate 45 ± 19 mL/min/1.73 m2), urinary 3-HIC excretion (0.80 [0.57-1.16] μmol/24 h) was significantly associated with plasma biotin (std. β = -0.17; P < 0.001). Subsequent adjustment for potential covariates revealed urinary creatinine excretion (std. β = 0.24; P < 0.001) and urinary urea excretion (std. β = 0.53; P < 0.001) as the primary determinant of urinary 3-HIC excretion. Whereas plasma biotin explained only 1% of the variance in urinary 3-HIC excretion, urinary urea excretion explained >45%. During median follow-up for 5.4 [4.8-6.1] years, 150 (22%) patients died. Log2-transformed urinary 3-HIC excretion was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.52 [0.43-0.63]; P < 0.001). This association was independent of potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Urinary 3-HIC excretion more strongly serves as a marker of leucine intake than of biotin status. A higher urinary 3-HIC excretion is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. Future studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanism. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID NCT02811835. TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02811835.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Post
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - M Yusof Said
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Antonio W Gomes-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Isidor Minović
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Dion Groothof
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - J Casper Swarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Theo Boer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Casper F M Franssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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57
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Pinto D, Trink A, Sorbellini E, Giuliani G, Rinaldi F. 'Omics' approaches for studying the microbiome in Alopecia areata. J Investig Med 2020; 68:1292-1294. [PMID: 32958525 PMCID: PMC7525785 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the involvement of the microbiome in human health and many human diseases, including that strictly related to the scalphas been brought to the light. Indeed, more recently, authors highlighted the presence of a significant microbial shift both in nonscarring (Androgenetic alopecia and Alopecia areata) and scarring Alopecias. The advent of novel technologies together with the effort of many scientists in the microbiome field could provide in the nearest future a clearest framework about the strict relationship between human healthiness and symbiotic microorganism resident on different ecosystem of our body. In this view, the use of Omics approaches has to be considered as no longer negligible when studying the microbiome implication in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Trink
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project, Milan, Italy
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58
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Louvado A, Coelho FJRC, Palma M, Tavares LC, Ozorio ROA, Magnoni L, Viegas I, Gomes NCM. Effect of glycerol feed-supplementation on seabass metabolism and gut microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8439-8453. [PMID: 32845369 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary glycerol supplementation in aquaculture feed is seen as an alternative and inexpensive way to fuel fish metabolism, attenuate metabolic utilization of dietary proteins and, subsequently, reduce nitrogen excretion. In this study, we evaluated the impact of dietary glycerol supplementation on nitrogen excretion of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and its effects on metabolite profile and bacterial community composition of gut digesta. These effects were evaluated in a 60-day trial with fish fed diets supplemented with 2.5% or 5% (w/w) refined glycerol and without glycerol supplementation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to characterize the effects of glycerol supplementation on digesta metabolite and bacterial community composition of 6-h postprandial fish. Our results showed that ammonia excretion was not altered by dietary glycerol supplementation, and the highest glycerol dosage was associated with significant increases in amino acids and a decrease of ergogenic creatine in digesta metabolome. Concomitantly, significant decreases in putative amino acid degradation pathways were detected in the predicted metagenome analysis, suggesting a metabolic shift. Taxon-specific analysis revealed significant increases in abundance of some specific genera (e.g., Burkholderia and Vibrio) and bacterial diversity. Overall, our results indicate glycerol supplementation may decrease amino acid catabolism without adversely affecting fish gut bacterial communities.Key points• Glycerol can be an inexpensive and energetic alternative in fish feed formulations.• Glycerol did not affect nitrogen excretion and gut bacteriome composition.• Glycerol reduced uptake of amino acids and increased uptake of ergogenic creatine.• Glycerol reduced putative amino acid degradation pathways in predicted metagenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Louvado
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F J R C Coelho
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Palma
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L C Tavares
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R O A Ozorio
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Magnoni
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - I Viegas
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N C M Gomes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Uebanso T, Shimohata T, Mawatari K, Takahashi A. Functional Roles of B‐Vitamins in the Gut and Gut Microbiome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000426. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Uebanso
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima 770–8503 Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimohata
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima 770–8503 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima 770–8503 Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima 770–8503 Japan
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60
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Li Y, Long S, Liu Q, Ma H, Li J, Xiaoqing W, Yuan J, Li M, Hou B. Gut microbiota is involved in the alleviation of loperamide-induced constipation by honey supplementation in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:4388-4398. [PMID: 32884719 PMCID: PMC7455974 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders accompanied with intestinal dysbiosis. Laxatives for constipation usually have side effects. Bee honey is a natural food with unique composition, antimicrobial properties, and bifidogenic effect. In order to assess whether honey can ameliorate loperamide-induced constipation in BALB/c mice through the alteration of the gut microbiota, the present study was undertaken. Mice were given Jarrah honey (7.5 g/kg body weight) by gavage once per day for 5 days. Fecal water content, intestinal transit rate together with the colon concentrations of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) were evaluated. Furthermore, we determined the effect of honey treatment on gut microbiota in mice using stool genomic 16S rRNA sequencing. As a result, honey showed an obvious improvement in fecal water content and alleviated constipation by modulating the microbial composition of the microbiota, and this was highly associated with a proportional decrease in gut Desulfovibrio. In addition, we found that the colon level of neurotransmitters SP and VIP was significantly related to microbial variations. Our results indicate that gut microbiota is involved in the alleviation of loperamide-induced constipation by honey supplementation in mice, and it could be considered as an evaluating parameter in constipation therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Shangqin Long
- Department of MicroecologyCollege of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Qiaochu Liu
- Department of MicroecologyCollege of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of MicroecologyCollege of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of MicroecologyCollege of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Wei Xiaoqing
- The Core Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Liaoning ProvinceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jieli Yuan
- Department of MicroecologyCollege of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Ming Li
- Department of MicroecologyCollege of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Binbin Hou
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Integral Roles of Specific Proteoglycans in Hair Growth and Hair Loss: Mechanisms behind the Bioactivity of Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy with Nourkrin® with Marilex® in Pattern Hair Loss and Telogen Effluvium. Dermatol Res Pract 2020; 2020:8125081. [PMID: 32425997 PMCID: PMC7222612 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8125081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular proteoglycans are key players with structural, functional, and regulatory roles in the growth and cycling behaviour of the hair follicles. The expression pattern of specific proteoglycans is strongly correlated with follicular phase transitions, which further affirms their functional involvement. Research shows that bioactive proteoglycans, e.g., versican and decorin, can actively trigger follicular phase shift by their anagen-inducing, anagen-maintaining, and immunoregulatory properties. This emerging insight has led to the recognition of “dysregulated proteoglycan metabolism” as a plausible causal or mediating pathology in hair growth disorders in both men and women. In support of this, declined expression of proteoglycans has been reported in cases of anagen shortening and follicular miniaturisation. To facilitate scientific communication, we propose designating this pathology “follicular hypoglycania (FHG),” which results from an impaired ability of follicular cells to replenish and maintain a minimum relative concentration of key proteoglycans during anagen. Lasting FHG may advance to structural decay, called proteoglycan follicular atrophy (PFA). This process is suggested to be an integral pathogenetic factor in pattern hair loss (PHL) and telogen effluvium (TE). To address FHG and PFA, a proteoglycan replacement therapy (PRT) program using oral administration of a marine-derived extract (Nourkrin® with Marilex®, produced by Pharma Medico Aps, Aarhus, Denmark) containing specific proteoglycans has been developed. In clinical studies, this treatment significantly reduced hair fall, promoted hair growth, and improved quality of life in patients with male- and female-pattern hair loss. Accordingly, PRT (using Nourkrin® with Marilex®) can be recommended as an add-on treatment or monotherapy in patients with PHL and TE.
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62
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Mahajan R, Midha V, Singh A, Mehta V, Gupta Y, Kaur K, Sudhakar R, Singh Pannu A, Singh D, Sood A. Incidental benefits after fecal microbiota transplant for ulcerative colitis. Intest Res 2020; 18:337-340. [PMID: 32306706 PMCID: PMC7385574 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis can result in several diseases, including infections (Clostridium difficile infection and infectious gastroenteritis), autoimmune diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and allergic disorders), behavioral disorders and other conditions like metabolic syndrome and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Amongst various therapies targeting gut microbiome, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is becoming a focus in the public media and peer reviewed literature. We have been using FMT for induction of remission in patients with moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) and also for subsequent maintenance of remission. Four cases reported incidental benefits while being treated with FMT for UC. These included weight loss (n=1), improvement in hair loss (n=1), amelioration of axial arthritis (n=1) and improvement in allergic rhinitis (n=1), thereby suggesting potential clinical applications of FMT in treating extraintestinal diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramit Mahajan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Vandana Midha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Arshdeep Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Varun Mehta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Yogesh Gupta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ritu Sudhakar
- Department of Dietetics, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Anmol Singh Pannu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Dharmatma Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ajit Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
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Intestinal microbiota characteristics of mice treated with Folium senna decoction gavage combined with restraint and tail pinch stress. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:180. [PMID: 32231961 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of mice treated with Folium senna decoction gavage combined with restraint and tail pinch stress. Ten healthy male Kunming mice were chosen and randomly divided into control group and model group, with five mice in each group. Mice in the control group were raised regularly, while mice in the model group were treated by feeding with Folium senna decoction, restraint in a constraint tube and tail pinch with a clip for 7 days. Intestinal contents from the jejunum to ileum were collected, and DNA was extracted from each mouse. The characteristics of the intestinal microbial species were analysed by PacBio Sequel-based 16S rRNA sequencing. Result showed that alpha diversity indices in the model group were higher than those in the control group, and the Simpson index differed significantly (P < 0.05). Based on the composition and abundances of species, there were differences between the control group and model group at the species level, but these differences were not significant (P > 0.05). In the control group, Candidatus arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse and Lactobacillus johnsonii were the dominant species. In the model group, Staphylococcus lentus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Candidatus arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse and Lactobacillus murinus were included. Furthermore, LEfSe analysis showed that the relative abundances of Escherichia sp. BBDP27, Helicobacter ganmani, Bacteroides vulgatus and Lactobacillus intestinalis in the model group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In conclusion, Folium senna decoction gavage combined with restraint and tail pinch stress increased the intestinal microbiota diversity. Strains associated with intestinal diseases, including Bacteroides vulgatus, Helicobacter ganmani, Staphylococcus lentus and Lactobacillus murinus, were significantly enriched, while strains beneficial to health, such as Candidatus arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse and Lactobacillus johnsonii, were significantly depleted.
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Glycolate is a Novel Marker of Vitamin B 2 Deficiency Involved in Gut Microbe Metabolism in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030736. [PMID: 32168816 PMCID: PMC7146322 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes in the human gut play a role in the production of bioactive compounds, including some vitamins. Although several studies attempted to identify definitive markers for certain vitamin deficiencies, the role of gut microbiota in these deficiencies is unclear. To investigate the role of gut microbiota in deficiencies of four vitamins, B2, B6, folate, and B12, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of metabolites in mice treated and untreated with antibiotics. We identified glycolate (GA) as a novel marker of vitamin B2 (VB2) deficiency, and show that gut microbiota sense dietary VB2 deficiency and accumulate GA in response. The plasma GA concentration responded to reduced VB2 supply from both the gut microbiota and the diet. These results suggest that GA is a novel marker that can be used to assess whether or not the net supply of VB2 from dietary sources and gut microbiota is sufficient. We also found that gut microbiota can provide short-term compensation for host VB2 deficiency when dietary VB2 is withheld.
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Dellacecca ER, Cosgrove C, Mukhatayev Z, Akhtar S, Engelhard VH, Rademaker AW, Knight K, Poole ICL. Antibiotics Drive Microbial Imbalance and Vitiligo Development in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:676-687.e6. [PMID: 31472106 PMCID: PMC9851193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is impacted by environmental triggers. We studied the contribution of the microbiome in FH mice, in which depigmentation is mediated by tyrosinase-reactive T cells. The mice received oral antibiotics and were monitored for depigmentation. The microbiome was studied in fecal and skin samples using 16S rRNA analysis. The resulting T-cell distributions were evaluated. In untreated mice, pigment loss did not expand to the pelage, whereas mice in the ampicillin group were approximately 1/3 depigmented at 30 weeks. In contrast to models of autoimmunity that are less dependent on IFN-γ, ampicillin but not neomycin treatment correlated with accelerated disease and reduced bacteria in the fecal pellets. Modified cytokine patterns in the tissue and serum suggest a response that transcends the gut. Ampicillin-induced depigmentation was accompanied by gut but not skin dysbiosis, and reduced T cell numbers in both sites. Neomycin induced a redistribution of gut T cells and an accumulation of skin regulatory T cells. This treatment spurred a Bacteroides-dominated population of fecal bacteria. Reduced diversity is prominent particularly after ampicillin treatment, when the gut is dominated by Pseudomonas species. In line with current concepts relating the microbiome and the immune system, we predict that dietary measures might promote skin health and delay vitiligo onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia R. Dellacecca
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago (IL), USA,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago (IL), USA,Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago (IL), USA
| | - Cormac Cosgrove
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago (IL), USA,Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago (IL), USA
| | - Zhussipbek Mukhatayev
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago (IL), USA,Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago (IL), USA,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Suhail Akhtar
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago (IL), USA,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago (IL), USA
| | - Victor H. Engelhard
- Carter Immunology Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (VA), USA
| | - Alfred W. Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (IL), USA
| | - Katherine Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago (IL), USA
| | - I. Caroline Le Poole
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago (IL), USA,Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago (IL), USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago (IL), USA
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Elolimy A, Alharthi A, Zeineldin M, Parys C, Loor JJ. Residual feed intake divergence during the preweaning period is associated with unique hindgut microbiome and metabolome profiles in neonatal Holstein heifer calves. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:13. [PMID: 31988748 PMCID: PMC6972010 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies underscored that divergence in residual feed intake (RFI) in mature beef and dairy cattle is associated with changes in ruminal microbiome and metabolome profiles which may contribute, at least in part, to better feed efficiency. Because the rumen in neonatal calves during the preweaning period is underdeveloped until close to weaning, they rely on hindgut microbial fermentation to breakdown undigested diet components. This leads to production of key metabolites such as volatile fatty acids (VFA), amino acids, and vitamins that could potentially be absorbed in the hind-gut and help drive growth and development. Whether RFI divergence in neonatal calves is associated with changes in hindgut microbial communities and metabolites is largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine differences in hindgut microbiome and metabolome in neonatal Holstein heifer calves retrospectively-grouped based on feed efficiency as most-efficient (M-eff) or least-efficient (L-eff) calves using RFI divergence during the preweaning period. METHODS Twenty-six Holstein heifer calves received 3.8 L of first-milking colostrum from their respective dams within 6 h after birth. Calves were housed in individual outdoor hutches bedded with straw, fed twice daily with a milk replacer, and had ad libitum access to a starter grain mix from birth to weaning at 42 d of age. Calves were classified into M-eff [n = 13; RFI coefficient = - 5.72 ± 0.94 kg DMI (milk replacer + starter grain)/d] and L-eff [n = 13; RFI coefficient = 5.61 ± 0.94 kg DMI (milk replacer + starter grain)/d] based on a linear regression model including the combined starter grain mix and milk replacer DMI, average daily gain (ADG), and metabolic body weight (MBW). A deep sterile rectal swab exposed only to the rectum was collected immediately at birth before colostrum feeding (i.e., d 0), and fecal samples at d 14, 28, and 42 (prior to weaning) for microbiome and untargeted metabolome analyses using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC-MS. Microbiome data were analyzed with the QIIME 2 platform and metabolome data with the MetaboAnalyst 4.0 pipeline. RESULTS No differences (P > 0.05) in body measurements including body weight (BW), body length (BL), hip height (HH), hip width (HW), and wither height (WH) were detected between M-eff and L-eff calves at birth and during preweaning. Although milk replacer intake did not differ between groups, compared with L-eff, M-eff heifers had lower starter intake (P < 0.01) between d 18 to 42 of age, whereas no differences (P > 0.05) for ADG, cumulative BWG, or body measurements were observed between RFI groups during the preweaning period. Microbiome and metabolome profiles through the first 42 d of age indicated greater hindgut capacity for the production of energy-generating substrates (butyrate and propionate) and essential nutrients (vitamins and amino acids) in heifers with greater estimated feed efficiency. CONCLUSION Despite consuming approximately 54.6% less solid feed (cumulative intake, 10.90 vs. 19.98 ± 1.66 kg) from birth to weaning, the microbiome-metabolome changes in the hindgut of most-efficient heifers might have helped them maintain the same level of growth as the least-efficient heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elolimy
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Alharthi
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Mohamed Zeineldin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois USA
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Claudia Parys
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
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Jayawardena D, Dudeja PK. Micronutrient Deficiency in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Cause or Effect? Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 9:707-708. [PMID: 31962099 PMCID: PMC7212480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dulari Jayawardena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pradeep K Dudeja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Research Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Polkowska‐Pruszyńska B, Gerkowicz A, Krasowska D. The gut microbiome alterations in allergic and inflammatory skin diseases – an update. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:455-464. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Polkowska‐Pruszyńska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - A. Gerkowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - D. Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland
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Xie WR, Yang XY, Xia HHX, Wu LH, He XX. Hair regrowth following fecal microbiota transplantation in an elderly patient with alopecia areata: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:3074-3081. [PMID: 31624757 PMCID: PMC6795734 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i19.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata is a hair loss disease associated with genetics, autoimmunity, and other factors. There is an intriguing link between alopecia areata and gut dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been recommended to treat Clostridium difficile (previously known as Clostridioides difficile) infection, and has also shown potentials in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and non-alcohol fatty liver disease.
CASE SUMMARY An 86-year-old man, with a history of sigmoid colon carcinoma, suffered from recurrent abdominal pain and distension, and diarrhea for six months, with inappetence. At admission, he was also diagnosed with depression. Upon physical examination, the patient presented with a 1.5 cm × 2.0 cm alopecia areata on his right occiput. Due to the negative results of laboratory testing, capsule endoscopy, and colonoscopy, the patient was diagnosed with noninfectious diarrhea, depressive disorder, and patchy alopecia areata. Considering that noninfectious diarrhea in the elderly patient was mainly caused by gut dysbiosis, he was given six rounds of FMT. His diarrhea improved remarkably one month after FMT, with improved appetite and disappearance of abdominal pain, distension, and depressive symptoms. Surprisingly, he reported new hair growth on the affected region of his scalp, with some of his white hair gradually turning to black, without taking any other therapies for alopecia areata before and after FMT.
CONCLUSION FMT might act as a potential therapy for patients who suffer from alopecia areata. Large and well-designed studies are required to confirm the role of FMT in alopecia areata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Yang
- Department of Physiology, Guangzhou Health Sciences College, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Harry Hua-Xiang Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing-Xiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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Elolimy A, Alharthi A, Zeineldin M, Parys C, Helmbrecht A, Loor JJ. Supply of Methionine During Late-Pregnancy Alters Fecal Microbiota and Metabolome in Neonatal Dairy Calves Without Changes in Daily Feed Intake. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2159. [PMID: 31608024 PMCID: PMC6761860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, most studies demonstrating the role of manipulating maternal nutrition on hindgut (i.e., large intestine) microbiota in the offspring have been performed in non-ruminants. Whether this phenomenon exists in cattle is largely unknown. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to evaluate the impact of maternal post-ruminal supply of methionine during late-pregnancy in dairy cows on fecal microbiota and metabolome in neonatal calves, and their association with body development and growth performance during the preweaning period. To achieve this, heifer calves, i.e., neonatal female offspring, born to Holstein cows receiving either a control (CON) diet (n = 13) or CON plus rumen-protected methionine (MET; Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH) during the last 28 days of pregnancy were used. Fecal samples from heifers were collected from birth until 6 weeks of age, i.e., the preweaning period. Fecal microbiota was analyzed with QIIME 2 whereas fecal metabolites were measured using an untargeted LC-MS approach. At birth, MET heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.05) BW, HH, and WH. During the preweaning period, no differences between groups were detected for starter intake (P = 0.77). However, MET heifers maintained greater (P ≤ 0.05) BW, HH and tended (P = 0.06) to have greater WH and average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.10). Fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles through 42 days of age in MET heifers indicated greater capacity for hindgut production of endogenous antibiotics and enhanced hindgut functionality and health. Enhancing maternal post-ruminal supply of methionine during late-gestation in dairy cows has a positive effect on hindgut functionality and health in their offspring through alterations in the fecal microbiota and metabolome without affecting feed intake. Those alterations could limit pathogen colonization of the hindgut while providing essential nutrients to the neonate. Together, such responses contribute to the ability of young calves to achieve better rates of nutrient utilization for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elolimy
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Alharthi
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Mohamed Zeineldin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Claudia Parys
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | | | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Matsumoto H, Kuroki Y, Higashi S, Goda K, Fukushima S, Katsumoto R, Oosawa M, Murao T, Ishii M, Oka K, Takahashi M, Osaki T, Kamiya S, Shiotani A. Analysis of the colonic mucosa associated microbiota (MAM) using brushing samples during colonic endoscopic procedures. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:132-137. [PMID: 31592051 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosa-associated microbiota is an important component in human microbiota. The aim was to investigate mucosa-associated microbiota using brush samples during endoscopic procedures and compare with fecal microbiota. Seven patients who were planning to undergo a routine colonoscopy were recruited. Mucosal brushing samples were taken from 3 sites (terminal ileum, ascending and sigmoid colon), and a fecal sample was taken on the morning of colonoscopy. The samples were immediately placed in microcentrifuge tubes containing DNA stabilization reagent and analyzed using the next generation sequencer. The individual differences in microbiota were more evident than the differences of the sampling sites. Actinobacteria was more abundant and Bacteroidetes was less in the brush samples than those in the fecal samples. Taxonomic composition at the genus level and the proportion of genes responsible for some functions in the brushing samples tended to be different from those in the fecal samples. Bulleidia and Oribacteriumi were significantly more abundant and the proportions of genes responsible for transcription factors and phosphotransferase system were higher in ileal mucous than those in fecal samples. Brushing during colonoscopic procedure instead of using feces samples might be useful to analyze mucosa-associated microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0192, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kuroki
- Tokyo R&D Center, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 114-0016, Japan
| | - Seiya Higashi
- Tokyo R&D Center, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 114-0016, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Goda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0192, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukushima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0192, Japan
| | - Ryo Katsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0192, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Oosawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0192, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0192, Japan
| | - Manabu Ishii
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0192, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oka
- Tokyo R&D Center, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 114-0016, Japan
| | | | - Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Health Science, Kyorin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Akiko Shiotani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0192, Japan
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Wagatsuma K, Yamada S, Ao M, Matsuura M, Tsuji H, Iida T, Miyamoto K, Oka K, Takahashi M, Tanaka K, Nakase H. Diversity of Gut Microbiota Affecting Serum Level of Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin in Patients with Crohn's Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071541. [PMID: 31288415 PMCID: PMC6683014 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have indicated a possible link between decreasing plasma levels of vitamin K and bone mineral density. It has been suggested that intestinal bacteria contribute to maintenance of vitamin K. Several factors are involved in the reduction of vitamin K in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). We aimed to assess the relationship between gut microbiota and alternative indicators of vitamin K deficiency in patients with CD. We collected the feces of 26 patients with clinically inactive CD. We extracted 16S rRNA from the intestinal bacteria in the feces and amplified it by polymerase chain reaction. The generated polymerase chain reaction product was analyzed using a 16S metagenomic approach by Illumina Miseq platform. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentration was used as an alternative indicator of vitamin K deficiency. There was a significant negative correlation between serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and mean Chao1 index in cases of low activity. The diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly lower, and Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly decreased in the vitamin K-deficient group in comparison to the vitamin K-normal group. Taken together, these data suggested the significance of investigating the gut microbiota even in patients with clinically inactive CD for improving patients’ vitamin K status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Wagatsuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Misora Ao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidemi Tsuji
- Faculty of Home Economics, Kobe Women's University, Kobe 654-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoya Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyamoto
- Tokyo R&D Center, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 114-0016, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oka
- Tokyo R&D Center, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 114-0016, Japan
| | | | - Kiyoshi Tanaka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
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Hagihara M, Yamashita R, Matsumoto A, Mori T, Inagaki T, Nonogaki T, Kuroki Y, Higashi S, Oka K, Takahashi M, Mikamo H. The impact of probiotic Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 on murine gut metabolic alterations. J Infect Chemother 2019; 25:571-577. [PMID: 31101528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM 588) is a probiotic bacterium used in antidiarrheal medicine in Japan. A few studies analyzed the changes in gut microbiome in patients treated with antimicrobials based on metagenomics sequencing. However, the impact of CBM 588 on gut metabolic alterations has not been fully elucidated. This study was to reveal the impact of CBM 588 on gut metabolic alterations. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this in vivo study, mice were divided into four groups and CBM 588, clindamycin (CLDM), and normal saline (control) was orally administered (1. CLDM, 2. CBM 588, 3. CBM 588 + CLDM, 4. water) for 4 days. Fecal samples were collected to extract DNA for metagenomics analysis. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) was used to obtain relative Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway abundance information derived from metagenomics data. RESULTS CLDM treatment resulted in a dramatic increase in Firmicutes phylum compared to non-CLDM-treated groups (control and CBM 588-treated group). Then, the CBM 588 + CLDM-treated group showed a trend similar in many metabolic pathways to the CLDM-treated group. On the other hand, the CBM 588 + CLDM-treated group showed higher relative abundance compared to the CLDM-treated group especially in starch and sucrose metabolism. DISCUSSION We concluded that CBM 588 caused a gut microbiome functional shift toward increased carbohydrate metabolism. These results support the hypothesis that CBM 588 treatment modulates gut microbiome under dysbiosis conditions due to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Hagihara
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Rieko Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Asami Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | | | - Tsunemasa Nonogaki
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Kinjyo Gakuin University, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kuroki
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Oka
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Motomichi Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
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Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2017 The human body is composed of an equal number of human and microbial cells. While the microbial community inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract plays an essential role in host health, these organisms have also been connected to various diseases. Yet, the gut microbial functions that modulate host biology are not well established. In this review, we describe metabolic functions of the human gut microbiota that involve metalloenzymes. These activities enable gut microbial colonization, mediate interactions with the host, and impact human health and disease. We highlight cases in which enzyme characterization has advanced our understanding of the gut microbiota and examples that illustrate the diverse ways in which metalloenzymes facilitate both essential and unique functions of this community. Finally, we analyze Human Microbiome Project sequencing datasets to assess the distribution of a prominent family of metalloenzymes in human-associated microbial communities, guiding future enzyme characterization efforts.
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Yoshii K, Hosomi K, Sawane K, Kunisawa J. Metabolism of Dietary and Microbial Vitamin B Family in the Regulation of Host Immunity. Front Nutr 2019; 6:48. [PMID: 31058161 PMCID: PMC6478888 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are micronutrients that have physiological effects on various biological responses, including host immunity. Therefore, vitamin deficiency leads to increased risk of developing infectious, allergic, and inflammatory diseases. Since B vitamins are synthesized by plants, yeasts, and bacteria, but not by mammals, mammals must acquire B vitamins from dietary or microbial sources, such as the intestinal microbiota. Similarly, some intestinal bacteria are unable to synthesize B vitamins and must acquire them from the host diet or from other intestinal bacteria for their growth and survival. This suggests that the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota may affect host B vitamin usage and, by extension, host immunity. Here, we review the immunological functions of B vitamins and their metabolism by intestinal bacteria with respect to the control of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yoshii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kento Sawane
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Atsugi, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Alteration of GLP-1/GPR43 expression and gastrointestinal motility in dysbiotic mice treated with vancomycin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4381. [PMID: 30867532 PMCID: PMC6416360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in various aspects of host physiology, including metabolism, gastrointestinal (GI) motility and hormonal secretion. In the present study, we investigated the effect of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis on metabolism and GI motility in relation to colonic expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and G protein coupled receptor (GPR)43. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice (ICR, 6 weeks old, female) were orally administered vancomycin (0.2 mg/ml) in drinking water for 7 days. In another experiment, germ-free (GF) mice (ICR, 6 weeks old, female) were subjected to oral fecal transplantation (FT) using a fecal bacterial suspension prepared from SPF mice that had received vancomycin treatment (FT-V) or one from untreated control SPF mice (FT-C). The gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) was measured by administration of carmine red (6% w/v) solution. The expression of GLP-1 and GPR43 was examined by immunohistochemistry and realtime RT-PCR, and the plasma GLP-1 level was measured by ELISA. In vancomycin-treated SPF mice, the diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly reduced and the abundance of Lactobacillus was markedly increased. Significant increases in body weight, cecum weight, plasma GLP-1 level and colonic GLP-1/GPR43 expression were also noted relative to the controls. These alterations were reproducible in GF mice with FT-V. Moreover, FT-V GF mice showed a significantly increased food intake and a significantly prolonged GITT in comparison with FT-C GF mice. Vancomycin-induced dysbiosis promotes body weight gain and prolongs GITT, accompanied by an increase of colonic GLP-1/GPR43 expression.
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Rosa CP, Brancaglion GA, Miyauchi-Tavares TM, Corsetti PP, de Almeida LA. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis effects on the murine gastrointestinal tract and their systemic repercussions. Life Sci 2018; 207:480-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hagihara M, Yamashita R, Matsumoto A, Mori T, Kuroki Y, Kudo H, Oka K, Takahashi M, Nonogaki T, Yamagishi Y, Mikamo H. The impact of Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 on the murine gut microbiome and colonic tissue. Anaerobe 2018; 54:8-18. [PMID: 30076897 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM 588) is a probiotic bacterium that is used as an anti-diarrheal medicine in Japan. However, the impact of this probiotic on the gut microbiome has not been fully elucidated, especially, when used with antimicrobials. MATERIAL AND METHODS In an in vivo study, CBM 588 monotherapy, clindamycin monotherapy, CBM 588 and clindamycin (combination therapy), or normal saline (control) was orally administered to mice for 4 days, and fecal samples were collected for 18 days to enumerate C. butyricum. We also extracted DNA from these fecal samples for metagenomics analysis by amplification of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and MiSeq Illumina sequencing. In addition, the concentrations of some short chain fatty acids were assessed in the fecal samples. A histological analysis was also conducted. RESULTS On day 4 (the last treatment day), there was no difference in the total counts of C. butyricum between the CBM 588 monotherapy and combination therapy groups (5.21 ± 0.78 vs. 5.13 ± 0.45 log10 cfu/g, p = 0.86). Clindamycin treatment resulted in dramatic increases in the phylum Firmicutes, especially Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus, compared with the other groups during the treatment period. CBM 588 treatment modified the bacterial community composition at lower phylogenetic levels. Some bacterial taxa, such as Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, and Bacteroides, were significantly increased in the combination therapy group when compared with the other groups. In the metabolic analysis, CBM 588 enhanced lactic acid production. It also enhanced the efficiency of lactic acid use for the production of butyric acid. Only the clindamycin monotherapy group showed abnormal colon tissue, with superficial epithelial necrosis and the presence of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION CBM 588 treatment modulated the gut microbiota composition under dysbiosis due to the use of an antimicrobial with strong activity against anaerobes and significantly reduced epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Hagihara
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Rieko Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Asami Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kuroki
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Oka
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan
| | - Motomichi Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan
| | - Tsunemasa Nonogaki
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjyo Gakuin University, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
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Rodriguez-Palacios A, Aladyshkina N, Ezeji JC, Erkkila HL, Conger M, Ward J, Webster J, Cominelli F. 'Cyclical Bias' in Microbiome Research Revealed by A Portable Germ-Free Housing System Using Nested Isolation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3801. [PMID: 29491439 PMCID: PMC5830500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ-Free (GF) research has required highly technical pressurized HEPA-ventilation anchored systems for decades. Herein, we validated a GF system that can be easily implemented and portable using Nested Isolation (NesTiso). GF-standards can be achieved housing mice in non-HEPA-static cages, which only need to be nested 'one-cage-inside-another' resembling 'Russian dolls'. After 2 years of monitoring ~100,000 GF-mouse-days, NesTiso showed mice can be maintained GF for life (>1.3 years), with low animal daily-contamination-probability risk (1 every 867 days), allowing the expansion of GF research with unprecedented freedom and mobility. At the cage level, with 23,360 GF cage-days, the probability of having a cage contamination in NesTiso cages opened in biosafety hoods was statistically identical to that of opening cages inside (the 'gold standard') multi-cage pressurized GF isolators. When validating the benefits of using NesTiso in mouse microbiome research, our experiments unexpectedly revealed that the mouse fecal microbiota composition within the 'bedding material' of conventional SPF-cages suffers cyclical selection bias as moist/feces/diet/organic content ('soiledness') increases over time (e.g., favoring microbiome abundances of Bacillales, Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales; and cultivable Enterococcus faecalis over Lactobacillus murinus and Escherichia coli), which in turn cyclically influences the gut microbiome dynamics of caged mice. Culture 'co-streaking' assays showed that cohoused mice exhibiting different fecal microbiota/hemolytic profiles in clean bedding (high-within-cage individual diversity) 'cyclically and transiently appear identical' (less diverse) as bedding soiledness increases, and recurs. Strategies are proposed to minimize this novel functional form of cyclical bedding-dependent microbiome selection bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Natalia Aladyshkina
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jessica C Ezeji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hailey L Erkkila
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mathew Conger
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - John Ward
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Joshua Webster
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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