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Ronen J, Hayat S, Akalin A. Evaluation of colorectal cancer subtypes and cell lines using deep learning. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900517. [PMID: 31792061 PMCID: PMC6892438 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with a high mortality rate and a rising incidence rate in the developed world. Molecular profiling techniques have been used to better understand the variability between tumors and disease models such as cell lines. To maximize the translatability and clinical relevance of in vitro studies, the selection of optimal cancer models is imperative. We have developed a deep learning-based method to measure the similarity between CRC tumors and disease models such as cancer cell lines. Our method efficiently leverages multiomics data sets containing copy number alterations, gene expression, and point mutations and learns latent factors that describe data in lower dimensions. These latent factors represent the patterns that are clinically relevant and explain the variability of molecular profiles across tumors and cell lines. Using these, we propose refined CRC subtypes and provide best-matching cell lines to different subtypes. These findings are relevant to patient stratification and selection of cell lines for early-stage drug discovery pipelines, biomarker discovery, and target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ronen
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, BIMSB, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Altuna Akalin
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, BIMSB, Berlin, Germany
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van Harten AM, Poell JB, Buijze M, Brink A, Wells SI, René Leemans C, Wolthuis RMF, Brakenhoff RH. Characterization of a head and neck cancer-derived cell line panel confirms the distinct TP53-proficient copy number-silent subclass. Oral Oncol 2019; 98:53-61. [PMID: 31541927 PMCID: PMC7372097 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) arise in the mucosal lining of the upper aerodigestive tract. Risk factors are exogenous carcinogen exposure, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and genetic predisposition such as Fanconi anemia (FA). Clinically, tumors are stratified based on stage, site and HPV-status. The majority of HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC is characterized by frequent copy number (CN) changes and an abrogated p53-pathway. A third genetically-defined HPV-negative subclass of HNSCC is emerging: tumors that lack gross chromosomal changes (CN-silent), are mostly TP53-proficient, and have a relatively favorable prognosis. METHODS A representative panel of HPV-positive, HPV-negative and FA-HNSCC-derived cell lines was genetically characterized. RESULTS Despite apparent differences in etiology, FA-HNSCC cell lines show comparable genetic alterations as sporadic non-FA-HNSCC-derived cell lines. Furthermore, we identified a near diploid CN-silent HPV-negative HNSCC line: VU-SCC-040. Molecular characterization uncovers the absence of TP53 mutations, a functional p53-pathway and a CASP8 mutation. TP53 gene knockout using CRISPR-Cas9 resulted in resistance to MDM2 inhibition. Whereas p53-status is often proposed as a predictive biomarker for treatment response, TP53-knockout did not change sensitivity to cisplatin, Chk1 and Wee1 inhibition. Additionally, 84 CN-silent tumors were identified in the HNSCC PanCancer cohort and shown to be enriched for female gender, HRAS and CASP8 mutations. CONCLUSION FA-derived HNSCC cell lines share comparable CN-profiles and mutation patterns as sporadic HPV-negative HNSCC. In contrast, a subclass of CN-silent, HPV-negative and TP53 wild-type HNSCC separates from the majority of HNSCC tumors. We show that VU-SCC-040 is a HNSCC cell model representative of this subclass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M van Harten
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Section Tumor Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos B Poell
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Section Tumor Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Buijze
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Section Tumor Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Brink
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Section Tumor Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - C René Leemans
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Section Tumor Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob M F Wolthuis
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Section Tumor Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Yang X, Cheng H, Chen J, Wang R, Saleh A, Si H, Lee S, Guven-Maiorov E, Keskin O, Gursoy A, Nussinov R, Fang J, Van Waes C, Chen Z. Head and Neck Cancers Promote an Inflammatory Transcriptome through Coactivation of Classic and Alternative NF-κB Pathways. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1760-1774. [PMID: 31624067 PMCID: PMC6941750 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) promote inflammation in the tumor microenvironment through aberrant NF-κB activation, but the genomic alterations and pathway networks that modulate NF-κB signaling have not been fully dissected. Here, we analyzed genome and transcriptome alterations of 279 HNSCC specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and identified 61 genes involved in NF-κB and inflammatory pathways. The top 30 altered genes were distributed across 96% of HNSCC samples, and their expression was often correlated with genomic copy-number alterations (CNA). Ten of the amplified genes were associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) status. We sequenced 15 HPV- and 11 HPV+ human HNSCC cell lines, and three oral mucosa keratinocyte lines, and supervised clustering revealed that 28 of 61 genes exhibit altered expression patterns concordant with HNSCC tissues and distinct signatures related to their HPV status. RNAi screening using an NF-κB reporter line identified 16 genes that are induced by TNFα or Lymphotoxin-β (LTβ) and implicated in the classic and/or alternative NF-κB pathways. Knockdown of TNFR, LTBR, or selected downstream signaling components established cross-talk between the classic and alternative NF-κB pathways. TNFα and LTβ induced differential gene expression involving the NF-κB, IFNγ, and STAT pathways, inflammatory cytokines, and metastasis-related genes. Improved survival was observed in HNSCC patients with elevated gene expression in T-cell activation, immune checkpoints, and IFNγ and STAT pathways. These gene signatures of NF-κB activation, which modulate inflammation and responses to the immune therapy, could serve as potential biomarkers in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Yang
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hui Cheng
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ru Wang
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anthony Saleh
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Han Si
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven Lee
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emine Guven-Maiorov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Attila Gursoy
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jugao Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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FADD in Cancer: Mechanisms of Altered Expression and Function, and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101462. [PMID: 31569512 PMCID: PMC6826683 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FADD was initially described as an adaptor molecule for death receptor-mediated apoptosis, but subsequently it has been implicated in nonapoptotic cellular processes such as proliferation and cell cycle control. During the last decade, FADD has been shown to play a pivotal role in most of the signalosome complexes, such as the necroptosome and the inflammasome. Interestingly, various mechanisms involved in regulating FADD functions have been identified, essentially posttranslational modifications and secretion. All these aspects have been thoroughly addressed in previous reviews. However, FADD implication in cancer is complex, due to pleiotropic effects. It has been reported either as anti- or protumorigenic, depending on the cell type. Regulation of FADD expression in cancer is a complex issue since both overexpression and downregulation have been reported, but the mechanisms underlying such alterations have not been fully unveiled. Posttranslational modifications also constitute a relevant mechanism controlling FADD levels and functions in tumor cells. In this review, we aim to provide detailed, updated information on alterations leading to changes in FADD expression and function in cancer. The participation of FADD in various biological processes is recapitulated, with a mention of interesting novel functions recently proposed for FADD, such as regulation of gene expression and control of metabolic pathways. Finally, we gather all the available evidence regarding the clinical implications of FADD alterations in cancer, especially as it has been proposed as a potential biomarker with prognostic value.
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Arenz A, Patze J, Kornmann E, Wilhelm J, Ziemann F, Wagner S, Wittig A, Schoetz U, Engenhart-Cabillic R, Dikomey E, Fritz B. HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines show similar numerical but different structural chromosomal aberrations. Head Neck 2019; 41:3869-3879. [PMID: 31441163 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was tested whether the difference in carcinogenesis between noxa and human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with a variation in genomic instability. METHODS Conventional and molecular cytogenetics in HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines. RESULTS Numerical aneuploidy determined by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization and DNA ploidy was very similar for both entities with most chromosomes being present either in quadruplicate or triplicate, and only few are still diploid with, however, a striking similarity in the overall pattern. A clear difference was seen concerning the translocations formed, with no difference in the total amount but with a significantly higher genomic instability of HPV-positive cell lines at chromosome 3 as compared to HPV-negative cells. CONCLUSION The different processes of carcinogenesis of HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC appear to result in a similar pattern of numerical but a clear difference in structural chromosomal aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arenz
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Patze
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kornmann
- Center of Human Genetics, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Department of Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Ziemann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Wittig
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schoetz
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rita Engenhart-Cabillic
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Dikomey
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Fritz
- Center of Human Genetics, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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Liu K, Du S, Gao P, Zheng J. Verteporfin suppresses the proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells via inhibiting YAP1. J Cancer 2019; 10:4196-4207. [PMID: 31413738 PMCID: PMC6691709 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, it is unknown whether verteporfin, a YAP1 inhibitor, can inhibit HNSCC cells as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods: YAP1 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in human head and neck carcinoma tissues (n=70). CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometric analysis, wound-healing assay and Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to evaluated the effects of verteporfin on the six HNSCC cell lines (three HPV-positive and three HPV-negative). The transcription and protein expression levels of YAP1 and its associated genes were investigated by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The effects of verteporfin on HNSCC cells in vivo were assessed by a xenograft model. Results: YAP1 expression was significantly higher in carcinoma tissues than in tumor-adjacent normal tissues (n=10). A CCK-8 assay showed that the inhibitory effects of verteporfin on HNSCC cells were markedly enhanced by light activation. Verteporfin significantly inhibited HNSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle at the S/G2 phase. Verteporfin significantly attenuated the expression of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (YAP1, Snail, CTNNB1 and EGFR) and stemness (Oct4 and YAP1) and increased E-cadherin expression in HNSCC cells. Furthermore, verteporfin significantly inhibited PD-L1 expression in HNSCC cells. However, the expression levels of HPV-16 E6 and E7 did not change with VP treatment. The anticancer effect of verteporfin on HNSCC was confirmed by the inhibition of xenograft growth in vivo. Conclusions: Our results indicate that YAP1 overexpression is involved in HNSCC tumorigenesis and verteporfin is a potential therapeutic drug for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shanmei Du
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo 255314, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Xiao R, An Y, Ye W, Derakhshan A, Cheng H, Yang X, Allen C, Chen Z, Schmitt NC, Van Waes C. Dual Antagonist of cIAP/XIAP ASTX660 Sensitizes HPV - and HPV + Head and Neck Cancers to TNFα, TRAIL, and Radiation Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6463-6474. [PMID: 31266830 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus-negative (HPV-) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) harbor frequent genomic amplification of Fas-associated death domain, with or without concurrent amplification of Baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing (BIRC2/3) genes encoding cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1/2 (cIAP1/2). Antagonists targeting cIAP1 have been reported to enhance sensitivity of HPV-, but not HPV+ tumors, to TNF family death ligands (TNF and TRAIL) and radiation.Experimental Design: We tested a novel dual cIAP/XIAP antagonist ASTX660 in HPV+ and HPV- cell lines in combination with death ligands TNFα and TRAIL, and in preclinical xenograft models with radiation, an inducer of death ligands. The dependence of activity on TNF was examined by antibody depletion. RESULTS ASTX660 sensitized subsets of HPV- and HPV+ HNSCC cell lines to TNFα and TRAIL. These antitumor effects of ASTX660 are the result of both apoptosis and/or necroptosis among HPV- cells, and primarily by apoptosis (caspase 3 and caspase 8 cleavage) in HPV+ cells. ASTX660 enhanced restoration of protein expression and inhibitory activity of proapoptotic tumor suppressor TP53 in HPV+ HNSCC. Furthermore, ASTX660 combined with radiotherapy, an inducer of death ligands, significantly delayed growth of both HPV- and HPV+ human tumor xenografts, an effect attenuated by anti-TNFα pretreatment blockade. CONCLUSIONS IAP1/XIAP antagonist, ASTX660, sensitizes HPV+ HNSCC to TNFα via a mechanism involving restoration of TP53. These findings serve to motivate further studies of dual cIAP/XIAP antagonists and future clinical trials combining these antagonists with radiotherapy to treat both HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Xiao
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Medical Research Scholars Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yi An
- Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wenda Ye
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Medical Research Scholars Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adeeb Derakhshan
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Medical Research Scholars Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hui Cheng
- Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xinping Yang
- Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clint Allen
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nicole C Schmitt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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彭 淑, 李 浔, 刘 琴, 张 颖, 邹 黎, 龚 小, 王 苗, 马 晓. [Identification of differentially expressed genes between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma using transcriber signature analysis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:641-649. [PMID: 31270041 PMCID: PMC6743921 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.06.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) with bioinformatics analysis and search for potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS The gene expression profiling datasets of LUAD and LUSC were acquired. The transcriptome differences between LUAD and LUSC were identified using R language processing and t-test analysis. The differential expressions of the genes were shown by Venn diagram. The DEGs identified by GEO2R were analyzed with DAVID and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify the signaling pathways and biomarkers that could be used for differential diagnosis of LUAD and LUSC. The TCGA data and the biomarker expression data from clinical lung cancer samples were used to verify the differential expressions of the Osteoarthritis pathway and LXR/RXR between LUAD and LUSC. We further examined the differential expressions of miR-181 and its two target genes, WNT5A and MBD2, in 23 clinical specimens of lung squamous cell carcinoma and the paired adjacent tissues. RESULTS GEO data analysis identified 851 DEGs (including 276 up-regulated and 575 down-regulated genes) in LUAD and 885 DEGs (including 406 up-regulated and 479 down-regulated genes) in LUSC. DAVID and IPA analysis revealed that leukocyte migration and inflammatory responses were more abundant in LUAD than in LUSC. Osteoarthritis pathway was inhibited in LUAD and activated in LUSC. IPA analysis showed that transcription factors (GATA4, RELA, YBX1, TP63 and MBD2), cytokines (WNT5A and IL1A) and microRNAs (miR-34a, miR-181b and miR-15a) differed significantly between LUAD and LUSC. miR-34a with IL-1A, miR-15a with YBX1, and miR-181b with WNT5A and MBD2 could serve as the paired microRNA and mRNA targets for differential diagnosis of NSCLC subtypes. Analysis of the clinical samples showed an increased expression of miR-181b-5p and the down-regulation of WNT5A, which could be used as molecular markers for the diagnosis of LUSC. CONCLUSIONS Through transcriptome analysis, we identified candidate genes, paired microRNAs and pathways for differentiating LUAD and LUSC, and they can provide novel differential diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for LUAD and LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- 淑贤 彭
- 广州中医药大学基础医学院中西医结合基础研究中心,广东 广州 510006Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - 浔 李
- 华南师范大学脑科学与康复医学研究院//华南师范大学心理应用研究中心//华南师范大学广东省心理健康与认知科学重点实验室脑研究所,广东 广州 510631Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science/Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - 琴 刘
- 华南师范大学脑科学与康复医学研究院//华南师范大学心理应用研究中心//华南师范大学广东省心理健康与认知科学重点实验室脑研究所,广东 广州 510631Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science/Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - 颖恒 张
- 广州中医药大学基础医学院中西医结合基础研究中心,广东 广州 510006Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - 黎明 邹
- 华南师范大学脑科学与康复医学研究院//华南师范大学心理应用研究中心//华南师范大学广东省心理健康与认知科学重点实验室脑研究所,广东 广州 510631Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science/Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - 小莉 龚
- 华南师范大学脑科学与康复医学研究院//华南师范大学心理应用研究中心//华南师范大学广东省心理健康与认知科学重点实验室脑研究所,广东 广州 510631Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science/Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - 苗淼 王
- 华南师范大学脑科学与康复医学研究院//华南师范大学心理应用研究中心//华南师范大学广东省心理健康与认知科学重点实验室脑研究所,广东 广州 510631Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science/Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - 晓冬 马
- 华南师范大学脑科学与康复医学研究院//华南师范大学心理应用研究中心//华南师范大学广东省心理健康与认知科学重点实验室脑研究所,广东 广州 510631Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science/Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Mann JE, Kulkarni A, Birkeland AC, Kafelghazal J, Eisenberg J, Jewell BM, Ludwig ML, Spector ME, Jiang H, Carey TE, Brenner JC. The molecular landscape of the University of Michigan laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line panel. Head Neck 2019; 41:3114-3124. [PMID: 31090975 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs) have a high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. Patient-derived cancer cell lines remain important preclinical models for advancement of new therapeutic strategies, and comprehensive characterization of these models is vital in the precision medicine era. METHODS We performed exome and transcriptome sequencing as well as copy number analysis of a panel of LSCC-derived cell lines that were established at the University of Michigan and are used in laboratories worldwide. RESULTS We observed a complex array of alterations consistent with those reported in The Cancer Genome Atlas head and neck squamous cell carcinoma project, including aberrations in PIK3CA, EGFR, CDKN2A, TP53, and NOTCH family and FAT1 genes. A detailed analysis of FAT family genes and associated pathways showed disruptions to these genes in most cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The molecular profiles we have generated indicate that as a whole, this panel recapitulates the molecular diversity observed in patients and will serve as useful guides in selecting cell lines for preclinical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Mann
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Judy Kafelghazal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Julia Eisenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brittany M Jewell
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Megan L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matthew E Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hui Jiang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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60
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Adeola HA, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective. Front Physiol 2019; 10:399. [PMID: 31040792 PMCID: PMC6476986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast majority of the pathophysiological and metabolic processes in humans are temporally controlled by a master circadian clock located centrally in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, as well as by specialized peripheral oscillators located in other body tissues. This circadian clock system generates a rhythmical diurnal transcriptional-translational cycle in clock genes and protein expression and activities regulating numerous downstream target genes. Clock genes as key regulators of physiological function and dysfunction of the circadian clock have been linked to various diseases and multiple morbidities. Emerging omics technologies permits largescale multi-dimensional investigations of the molecular landscape of a given disease and the comprehensive characterization of its underlying cellular components (e.g., proteins, genes, lipids, metabolites), their mechanism of actions, functional networks and regulatory systems. Ultimately, they can be used to better understand disease and interpatient heterogeneity, individual profile, identify personalized targetable key molecules and pathways, discover novel biomarkers and genetic alterations, which collectively can allow for a better patient stratification into clinically relevant subgroups to improve disease prediction and prevention, early diagnostic, clinical outcomes, therapeutic benefits, patient's quality of life and survival. The use of “omics” technologies has allowed for recent breakthroughs in several scientific domains, including in the field of circadian clock biology. Although studies have explored the role of clock genes using circadiOmics (which integrates circadian omics, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) in human disease, no such studies have investigated the implications of circadian disruption in oral, head and neck pathologies using multi-omics approaches and linking the omics data to patient-specific circadian profiles. There is a burgeoning body of evidence that circadian clock controls the development and homeostasis of oral and maxillofacial structures, such as salivary glands, teeth and oral epithelium. Hence, in the current era of precision medicine and dentistry and patient-centered health care, it is becoming evident that a multi-omics approach is needed to improve our understanding of the role of circadian clock-controlled key players in the regulation of head and neck pathologies. This review discusses current knowledge on the role of the circadian clock and the contribution of omics-based approaches toward a novel precision health era for diagnosing and treating head and neck pathologies, with an emphasis on oral, head and neck cancer and Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Adeola
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Oral, Head & Neck Cancer-Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Tan FH, Bai Y, Saintigny P, Darido C. mTOR Signalling in Head and Neck Cancer: Heads Up. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040333. [PMID: 30970654 PMCID: PMC6523933 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is a central regulator of metabolism in all cells. It senses intracellular and extracellular signals and nutrient levels, and coordinates the metabolic requirements for cell growth, survival, and proliferation. Genetic alterations that deregulate mTOR signalling lead to metabolic reprogramming, resulting in the development of several cancers including those of the head and neck. Gain-of-function mutations in EGFR, PIK3CA, and HRAS, or loss-of-function in p53 and PTEN are often associated with mTOR hyperactivation, whereas mutations identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset that potentially lead to aberrant mTOR signalling are found in the EIF4G1, PLD1, RAC1, and SZT2 genes. In this review, we discuss how these mutant genes could affect mTOR signalling and highlight their impact on metabolic processes, as well as suggest potential targets for therapeutic intervention, primarily in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H Tan
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Yuchen Bai
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Charbel Darido
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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