51
|
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibition: robust new target or another big bust for stroke therapeutics? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:1347-61. [PMID: 22415525 PMCID: PMC3390817 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in developing stroke therapeutics that augment adaptive pathways to stress has been to identify targets that can activate compensatory programs without inducing or adding to the stress of injury. In this regard, hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases (HIF PHDs) are central gatekeepers of posttranscriptional and transcriptional adaptation to hypoxia, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity. Indeed, some of the known salutary effects of putative 'antioxidant' iron chelators in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke may derive from their abilities to inhibit this family of iron, 2-oxoglutarate, and oxygen-dependent enzymes. Evidence from a number of laboratories supports the notion that HIF PHD inhibition can improve histological and functional outcomes in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models. In this review, we discuss this evidence and highlight important gaps in our understanding that render HIF PHD inhibition a promising but not yet preclinically validated target for protection and repair after stroke.
Collapse
|
52
|
Flagg SC, Martin CB, Taabazuing CY, Holmes BE, Knapp MJ. Screening chelating inhibitors of HIF-prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). J Inorg Biochem 2012; 113:25-30. [PMID: 22687491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two primary O(2)-sensors for humans are the HIF-hydroxylases, enzymes that hydroxylate specific residues of the hypoxia inducible factor-α (HIF). These enzymes are factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) and prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2), each an α-ketoglutarate (αKG) dependent, non-heme Fe(II) dioxygenase. Although the two enzymes have similar active sites, FIH hydroxylates Asn(803) of HIF-1α while PHD2 hydroxylates Pro(402) and/or Pro(564) of HIF-1α. The similar structures but unique functions of FIH and PHD2 make them prime targets for selective inhibition leading to regulatory control of diseases such as cancer and stroke. Three classes of iron chelators were tested as inhibitors for FIH and PHD2: pyridines, hydroxypyrones/hydroxypyridinones and catechols. An initial screen of the ten small molecule inhibitors at varied [αKG] revealed a non-overlapping set of inhibitors for PHD2 and FIH. Dose response curves at moderate [αKG] ([αKG]~K(M)) showed that the hydroxypyrones/hydroxypyridinones were selective inhibitors, with IC(50) in the μM range, and that the catechols were generally strong inhibitors of both FIH and PHD2, with IC(50) in the low μM range. As support for binding at the active site of each enzyme as the mode of inhibition, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy were used to demonstrate inhibitor binding to the metal center of each enzyme. This work shows some selective inhibition between FIH and PHD2, primarily through the use of simple aromatic or pseudo-aromatic chelators, and suggests that hydroxypyrones and hydroxypyridones may be promising chelates for FIH or PHD2 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon C Flagg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Kim SY, Lee MJ, Kim JW, Na YR, Lee HY, Cho H, Lee KB, Lee YM, Lee C, Park H, Yang EG. Effects of Clioquinol Analogues on the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Pathway and Intracelullar Mobilization of Metal Ions. Biol Pharm Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Myong Jin Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- Functional Proteomics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Yu-Ran Na
- Functional Proteomics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Ho-Youl Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul
| | - Hyunju Cho
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Keun Byeol Lee
- Department of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University
| | - You Mie Lee
- Department of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | | | - Eun Gyeong Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Functional Proteomics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Neuroglobin: A Novel Target for Endogenous Neuroprotection. Transl Stroke Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9530-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
|
55
|
Development of Neh2-luciferase reporter and its application for high throughput screening and real-time monitoring of Nrf2 activators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:752-65. [PMID: 21700211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcriptional regulator of antioxidant defense and detoxification. To directly monitor stabilization of Nrf2, we fused its Neh2 domain, responsible for the interaction with its nucleocytoplasmic regulator, Keap1, to firefly luciferase (Neh2-luciferase). We show that Neh2 domain is sufficient for recognition, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation of Neh2-luciferase fusion protein. The Neh2-luc reporter system allows direct monitoring of the adaptive response to redox stress and classification of drugs based on the time course of reporter activation. The reporter was used to screen the Spectrum library of 2000 biologically active compounds to identify activators of Nrf2. The most robust and yet nontoxic Nrf2 activators found--nordihydroguaiaretic acid, fisetin, and gedunin--induced astrocyte-dependent neuroprotection from oxidative stress via an Nrf2-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
|
56
|
Rotili D, Altun M, Kawamura A, Wolf A, Fischer R, Leung IKH, Mackeen MM, Tian YM, Ratcliffe PJ, Mai A, Kessler BM, Schofield CJ. A photoreactive small-molecule probe for 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:642-654. [PMID: 21609845 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)-dependent oxygenases have diverse roles in human biology. The inhibition of several 2-OG oxygenases is being targeted for therapeutic intervention, including for cancer, anemia, and ischemic diseases. We report a small-molecule probe for 2-OG oxygenases that employs a hydroxyquinoline template coupled to a photoactivable crosslinking group and an affinity-purification tag. Following studies with recombinant proteins, the probe was shown to crosslink to 2-OG oxygenases in human crude cell extracts, including to proteins at endogenous levels. This approach is useful for inhibitor profiling, as demonstrated by crosslinking to the histone demethylase FBXL11 (KDM2A) in HEK293T nuclear extracts. The results also suggest that small-molecule probes may be suitable for substrate identification studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.,Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mikael Altun
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Akane Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Wolf
- Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Ivanhoe K H Leung
- Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Mukram M Mackeen
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Ya-Min Tian
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Ratcliffe
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Antonello Mai
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Hutchinson SE, Leveridge MV, Heathcote ML, Francis P, Williams L, Gee M, Munoz-Muriedas J, Leavens B, Shillings A, Jones E, Homes P, Baddeley S, Chung CW, Bridges A, Argyrou A. Enabling Lead Discovery for Histone Lysine Demethylases by High-Throughput RapidFire Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 17:39-48. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057111416660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput RapidFire mass spectrometry assay is described for the JMJD2 family of Fe2+, O2, and α-ketoglutarate-dependent histone lysine demethylases. The assay employs a short amino acid peptide substrate, corresponding to the first 15 amino acid residues of histone H3, but mutated at two positions to increase assay sensitivity. The assay monitors the direct formation of the dimethylated-Lys9 product from the trimethylated-Lys9 peptide substrate. Monitoring the formation of the monomethylated and des-methylated peptide products is also possible. The assay was validated using known inhibitors of the histone lysine demethylases, including 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and an α-ketoglutarate analogue. With a sampling rate of 7 s per well, the RapidFire technology permitted the single-concentration screening of 101 226 compounds against JMJD2C in 10 days using two instruments, typically giving Z′ values of 0.75 to 0.85. Several compounds were identified of the 8-hydroxyquinoline chemotype, a known series of inhibitors of the Lys9-specific histone demethylases. The peptide also functions as a substrate for JMJD2A, JMJD2D, and JMJD2E, thus enabling the development of assays for all 3 enzymes to monitor progress in compound selectivity. The assay represents the first report of a RapidFire mass spectrometry assay for an epigenetics target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laura Williams
- Departments of Biological Reagents and Assay Development
| | | | | | - Bill Leavens
- Analytical Chemistry, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Emma Jones
- Departments of Biological Reagents and Assay Development
| | - Paul Homes
- Departments of Biological Reagents and Assay Development
| | | | | | - Angela Bridges
- Departments of Biological Reagents and Assay Development
| | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Cunningham LA, Candelario K, Li L. Roles for HIF-1α in neural stem cell function and the regenerative response to stroke. Behav Brain Res 2011; 227:410-7. [PMID: 21871501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stroke represents a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with few therapeutic options available for improving behavioral recovery. Identification of endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) that are capable of promoting reparative responses following brain injury and stroke make these cells attractive therapeutic targets for stimulating cell replacement and neuronal plasticity. Interest in the mechanisms that support NSPC survival and replenishment of damaged cells within the ischemic brain has led to elucidation of new roles for hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in NSPC function. HIF-1α is a well-studied mediator of adaptive cellular responses to hypoxia through direct transcriptional regulation of cellular metabolism and angiogenesis. Recent evidence also indicates novel roles for HIF-1α in stem cell differentiation through modulation of Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. In this review, we will explore the hypothesis that HIF-1α represents an important mediator of NSPC function under both non-pathological conditions and stroke; and plays a central role in the regulation of NSPC response to hypoxia, metabolism and maintenance of the vascular environment of the neural stem cell niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Anna Cunningham
- Department of Neurosciences, MSC08 4740, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Rose NR, McDonough MA, King ONF, Kawamura A, Schofield CJ. Inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenases. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:4364-97. [PMID: 21390379 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
2-Oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent oxygenases are ubiquitous iron enzymes that couple substrate oxidation to the conversion of 2OG to succinate and carbon dioxide. In humans their roles include collagen biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, DNA repair, RNA and chromatin modifications, and hypoxic sensing. Commercial applications of 2OG oxygenase inhibitors began with plant growth retardants, and now extend to a clinically used pharmaceutical compound for cardioprotection. Several 2OG oxygenases are now being targeted for therapeutic intervention for diseases including anaemia, inflammation and cancer. In this critical review, we describe studies on the inhibition of 2OG oxygenases, focusing on small molecules, and discuss the potential of 2OG oxygenases as therapeutic targets (295 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Rose
- Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Barrett TD, Palomino HL, Brondstetter TI, Kanelakis KC, Wu X, Haug PV, Yan W, Young A, Hua H, Hart JC, Tran DT, Venkatesan H, Rosen MD, Peltier HM, Sepassi K, Rizzolio MC, Bembenek SD, Mirzadegan T, Rabinowitz MH, Shankley NP. Pharmacological Characterization of 1-(5-Chloro-6-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic Acid (JNJ-42041935), a Potent and Selective Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 79:910-20. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.070508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
61
|
Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies 8-hydroxyquinolines as cell-active histone demethylase inhibitors. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15535. [PMID: 21124847 PMCID: PMC2990756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small molecule modulators of epigenetic processes are currently sought as basic probes for biochemical mechanisms, and as starting points for development of therapeutic agents. Nε-Methylation of lysine residues on histone tails is one of a number of post-translational modifications that together enable transcriptional regulation. Histone lysine demethylases antagonize the action of histone methyltransferases in a site- and methylation state-specific manner. Nε-Methyllysine demethylases that use 2-oxoglutarate as co-factor are associated with diverse human diseases, including cancer, inflammation and X-linked mental retardation; they are proposed as targets for the therapeutic modulation of transcription. There are few reports on the identification of templates that are amenable to development as potent inhibitors in vivo and large diverse collections have yet to be exploited for the discovery of demethylase inhibitors. Principal Findings High-throughput screening of a ∼236,000-member collection of diverse molecules arrayed as dilution series was used to identify inhibitors of the JMJD2 (KDM4) family of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent histone demethylases. Initial screening hits were prioritized by a combination of cheminformatics, counterscreening using a coupled assay enzyme, and orthogonal confirmatory detection of inhibition by mass spectrometric assays. Follow-up studies were carried out on one of the series identified, 8-hydroxyquinolines, which were shown by crystallographic analyses to inhibit by binding to the active site Fe(II) and to modulate demethylation at the H3K9 locus in a cell-based assay. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that diverse compound screening can yield novel inhibitors of 2OG dependent histone demethylases and provide starting points for the development of potent and selective agents to interrogate epigenetic regulation.
Collapse
|
62
|
Metzen E, Schneider K. How to manipulate cellular O2 sensing. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2010; 17:314-315. [PMID: 20416500 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Metzen
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D45122 Essen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|