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Markopoulou P, Panagiotou N, Li A, Bueno-Perez R, Madden D, Buchanan S, Fairen-Jimenez D, Shiels PG, Forgan RS. Identifying Differing Intracellular Cargo Release Mechanisms by Monitoring In Vitro Drug Delivery from MOFs in Real Time. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2020; 1:100254. [PMID: 33244524 PMCID: PMC7674849 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been proposed as biocompatible candidates for the targeted intracellular delivery of chemotherapeutic payloads, but the site of drug loading and subsequent effect on intracellular release is often overlooked. Here, we analyze doxorubicin delivery to cancer cells by MIL-101(Cr) and UiO-66 in real time. Having experimentally and computationally verified that doxorubicin is pore loaded in MIL-101(Cr) and surface loaded on UiO-66, different time-dependent cytotoxicity profiles are observed by real-time cell analysis and confocal microscopy. The attenuated release of aggregated doxorubicin from the surface of Dox@UiO-66 results in a 12 to 16 h induction of cytotoxicity, while rapid release of pore-dispersed doxorubicin from Dox@MIL-101(Cr) leads to significantly higher intranuclear localization and rapid cell death. In verifying real-time cell analysis as a versatile tool to assess biocompatibility and drug delivery, we show that the localization of drugs in (or on) MOF nanoparticles controls delivery profiles and is key to understanding in vitro modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Markopoulou
- Joseph Black Building, College of Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nikolaos Panagiotou
- Joseph Black Building, College of Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary, & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Aurelia Li
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Rocio Bueno-Perez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - David Madden
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Sarah Buchanan
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary, & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary, & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ross S. Forgan
- Joseph Black Building, College of Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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52
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Kong XJ, Ji X, He T, Xie LH, Zhang YZ, Lv H, Ding C, Li JR. A Green-Emission Metal-Organic Framework-Based Nanoprobe for Imaging Dual Tumor Biomarkers in Living Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35375-35384. [PMID: 32657122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The modular nature of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) permits their tunable structure and function for target application, such as in biomedicine. Herein, a green-emission Zr(IV)-MOF (BUT-88) was constructed from a customized luminescent carbazolyl ligand. BUT-88 represents the first bcu-type MOF with both organic linker and metal node in eight connections and shows medium-sized pores, rich accessible linking sites, and good water stability and biocompatibility. In virtue of these merits, BUT-88 was then fabricated into a MOF-based fluorescent nanoprobe, drDNA-BUT-88. Using it, the live-cell imaging of dual tumor biomarkers was achieved for the first time upon a MOF-based probe, offering enhanced detection precision in early cancer diagnosis. Particularly, the probe showed efficient ratiometric fluorescent sensing toward the cytoplasmic biomarker microRNA-21, further improving the detection accuracy at the cellular level. In this work, the elaborate combination of MOF engineering and the fluorescent detection technique has contributed a facile biosensing platform, unlocking more possibilities of MOF chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Jing Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoting Ji
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Tao He
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lin-Hua Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Haoyuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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53
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Chen D, Li B, Jiang L, Li Y, Yang Y, Luo Z, Wang J. Pristine Cu-MOF Induces Mitotic Catastrophe and Alterations of Gene Expression and Cytoskeleton in Ovarian Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4081-4094. [PMID: 35025483 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metals-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely explored in biomedicine, mostly in drug delivery, biosensing, and bioimaging due to their large surface area, tunable porosity, readily chemical functionalization, and good biocompatibility. However, the underlining cellular mechanisms controlling the process for MOF cytotoxicity remains almost completely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that pristine Cu-MOF without any loaded drug selectively inhibited ovarian cancer mainly through promoting tubulin polymerization and destroying the cell actin cytoskeleton (F-actin) to trigger the mitotic catastrophe, accompanying by conventional programmed cell death. To our knowledge, this is the first report claiming that mitotic catastrophe may be an explaining mechanism of MOF cytotoxicity. Cu-MOF with an intrinsic protease-like activity also hydrolyzed cellular cytoskeleton proteins (F-actin). The RNA sequencing data indicated the differential expressional mRNA of cell proliferation and actin cytoskeleton (ACTA2, ACTN3, FSCN2, and SCIN) and mitotic spindles (PLK1 and TPX2) related genes. We found that Cu-MOF as a promising candidate in the disruption of cellular cytoskeleton and the change of the gene expression could be actin altering and antimitotic agents against cancer cells, allowing for fundamental biological and biophysical studies of MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daomei Chen
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Liang Jiang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yizhou Li
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yepeng Yang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Zhifang Luo
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
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54
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Osterrieth JWM, Fairen-Jimenez D. Metal-Organic Framework Composites for Theragnostics and Drug Delivery Applications. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e2000005. [PMID: 32330358 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Among a plethora of nano-sized therapeutics, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been some of the most investigated novel materials for, predominantly, cancer drug delivery applications. Due to their large drug uptake capacities and slow-release mechanisms, MOFs are desirable drug delivery vehicles that protect and transport sensitive drug molecules to target sites. The inclusion of other guest materials into MOFs to make MOF-composite materials has added further functionality, from externally triggered drug release to improved pharmacokinetics and diagnostic aids. MOF-composites are synthetically versatile and can include examples such as magnetic nanoparticles in MOFs for MRI image contrast and polymer coatings that improve the blood-circulation time. From synthesis to applications, this review will consider the main developments in MOF-composite chemistry for biomedical applications and demonstrate the potential of these novel agents in nanomedicine. It is concluded that, although vast synthetic progress has been made in the field, it requires now to develop more biomedical expertise with a focus on rational model selection, a major comparative toxicity study, and advanced targeting techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W M Osterrieth
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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55
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Yang J, Yang YW. Metal-Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906846. [PMID: 32026590 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an interesting and useful class of coordination polymers, constructed from metal ion/cluster nodes and functional organic ligands through coordination bonds, and have attracted extensive research interest during the past decades. Due to the unique features of diverse compositions, facile synthesis, easy surface functionalization, high surface areas, adjustable porosity, and tunable biocompatibility, MOFs have been widely used in hydrogen/methane storage, catalysis, biological imaging and sensing, drug delivery, desalination, gas separation, magnetic and electronic devices, nonlinear optics, water vapor capture, etc. Notably, with the rapid development of synthetic methods and surface functionalization strategies, smart MOF-based nanocomposites with advanced bio-related properties have been designed and fabricated to meet the growing demands of MOF materials for biomedical applications. This work outlines the synthesis and functionalization and the recent advances of MOFs in biomedical fields, including cargo (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins, and dyes) delivery for cancer therapy, bioimaging, antimicrobial, biosensing, and biocatalysis. The prospects and challenges in the field of MOF-based biomedical materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
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56
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Hidalgo T, Alonso-Nocelo M, Bouzo BL, Reimondez-Troitiño S, Abuin-Redondo C, de la Fuente M, Horcajada P. Biocompatible iron(iii) carboxylate metal-organic frameworks as promising RNA nanocarriers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4839-4845. [PMID: 32065596 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08127e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great interest in RNA therapeutics, the development of a successful gene delivery process is still a major challenge. We propose an efficient nucleic acid entrapment into the mesopores of biocompatible nanoscaled metal-organic frameworks. Their rapid cellular uptake together with RNA protection and release led to a relevant in vitro gene activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hidalgo
- Advanced Porous Materials Unit (APMU), IMDEA Energy Institute, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles-Madrid, Spain. and Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles cedex, France
| | - M Alonso-Nocelo
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - B L Bouzo
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. and Cancer Network Research (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Reimondez-Troitiño
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. and Cancer Network Research (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Abuin-Redondo
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - M de la Fuente
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Horcajada
- Advanced Porous Materials Unit (APMU), IMDEA Energy Institute, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles-Madrid, Spain. and Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles cedex, France
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57
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Zhao N, Cai K, He H. The synthesis of metal-organic frameworks with template strategies. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11467-11479. [PMID: 32720963 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01879a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a template strategy is still fascinating and has received considerable attention from structural chemists. In this review, developments in tuning MOF hosts or pore structures with a template strategy in the past decades are summarized. By adding templates into MOF precursors, novel template@MOF materials can always be obtained, which cannot be accessed by traditional synthesis procedures. Template@MOF materials can be structurally characterized to help understand the interactions between host frameworks and guest templates. On the other hand, changing the species or amount of template may lead to a pore structure change that can be used as a molecular container to load functional guest molecules with matching sizes for specific applications. It is hoped that this review will provide future researchers with new insight into the design and synthesis of MOF materials by applying suitable templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, P. R. China
| | - Kun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Mico and Nano Materials, College of Advanced Materials and Energy, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, P. R. China
| | - Hongming He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
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