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Zhang L, Li D, Li X, Hu L, Cheng M, Xia F, Gong P, Wang B, Ge J, Zhang H, Cai R, Wang Y, Sun C, Feng X, Lei L, Han W, Gu J. LysGH15 kills Staphylococcus aureus without being affected by the humoral immune response or inducing inflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29344. [PMID: 27385518 PMCID: PMC4935890 DOI: 10.1038/srep29344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysin LysGH15, derived from the staphylococcal phage GH15, exhibits a wide lytic spectrum and highly efficient lytic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Here, we found that LysGH15 did not induce resistance in MRSA or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains after repeated treatment. Although LysGH15 triggered the generation of LysGH15-specific antibodies in mice, these antibodies did not block lytic activity in vitro (nor the binding capacity of LysGH15). More importantly, when the antibody titre was highest in mice immunized with LysGH15, a single intravenous injection of LysGH15 was sufficient to protect mice against lethal infection with MRSA. These results indicated that LysGH15-specific antibodies did not affect the killing efficiency of LysGH15 against MRSA in vitro or in vivo. LysGH15 also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice with lethal infections. Furthermore, a high-dose LysGH15 injection did not cause significant adverse effects or pathological changes in the main organs of treated animals. These results provide further evidence for the administration of LysGH15 as an alternative strategy for the treatment of infections caused by MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Mengjun Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Pengjuan Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Jinli Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Ruopeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
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Foxley MA, Friedline AW, Jensen JM, Nimmo SL, Scull EM, King JB, Strange S, Xiao MT, Smith BE, Thomas Iii KJ, Glatzhofer DT, Cichewicz RH, Rice CV. Efficacy of ampicillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus restored through synergy with branched poly(ethylenimine). J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:871-878. [PMID: 27189119 PMCID: PMC5115998 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Beta-lactam antibiotics kill Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by inhibiting the function of cell-wall penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) 1 and 3. However, β-lactams are ineffective against PBP2a, used by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to perform essential cell wall crosslinking functions. PBP2a requires teichoic acid to properly locate and orient the enzyme, and thus MRSA is susceptible to antibiotics that prevent teichoic acid synthesis in the bacterial cytoplasm. As an alternative, we have used branched poly(ethylenimine), BPEI, to target teichoic acid in the bacterial cell wall. The result is restoration of MRSA susceptibility to the β-lactam antibiotic ampicillin with a MIC of 1 μg/mL, superior to that of vancomycin (MIC = 3.7 μg/mL). A checkerboard assay shows synergy of BPEI and ampicillin. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data show that BPEI alters the teichoic acid chemical environment. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) images show BPEI residing on the bacterial cell wall where teichoic acids and PBPs are located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Foxley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Anthony W Friedline
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jessica M Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Susan L Nimmo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Erin M Scull
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jarrod B King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Stoffel Strange
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Min T Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin E Smith
- Samuel Roberts Noble Microscopy Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Kieth J Thomas Iii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Daniel T Glatzhofer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Robert H Cichewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Charles V Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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53
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Melehani JH, Duncan JA. Inflammasome Activation Can Mediate Tissue-Specific Pathogenesis or Protection in Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 397:257-82. [PMID: 27460814 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41171-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that interacts with human hosts on a spectrum from quiet commensal to deadly pathogen. S. aureus is capable of infecting nearly every tissue in the body resulting in cellulitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, brain abscesses, bacteremia, and more. S. aureus has a wide range of factors that promote infection, and each site of infection triggers a different response in the human host. In particular, the different patterns of inflammasome activation mediate tissue-specific pathogenesis or protection in S. aureus infection. Although still a nascent field, understanding the unique host-pathogen interactions in each infection and the role of inflammasomes in mediating pathogenesis may lead to novel strategies for treating S. aureus infections. Reviews addressing S. aureus virulence and pathogenesis (Thammavongsa et al. 2015), as well as epidemiology and pathophysiology (Tong et al. 2015), have recently been published. This review will focus on S. aureus factors that activate inflammasomes and their impact on innate immune signaling and bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Melehani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph A Duncan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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