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Sarungallo ZL, Hariyadi P, Andarwulan N, Purnomo EH, Wada M. Analysis of α-Cryptoxanthin, β-Cryptoxanthin, α -Carotene, and β-Carotene of Pandanus Conoideus Oil by High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.profoo.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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52
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Damayant S, Andry S, . K, Kartasasmi RE. Isolation of β-carotene from Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Oil Using Transesterification-adsorption-desorption Method and its Characterization. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES 2014; 14:2615-2621. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2014.2615.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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53
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Kubatka P, Kapinová A, Kružliak P, Kello M, Výbohová D, Kajo K, Novák M, Chripková M, Adamkov M, Péč M, Mojžiš J, Bojková B, Kassayová M, Stollárová N, Dobrota D. Antineoplastic effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the breast cancer model. Nutrition 2014; 31:560-9. [PMID: 25770318 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There has been considerable interest in both clinical and preclinical research about the role of phytochemicals in the reduction of risk for cancer in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the antineoplastic effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in experimental breast cancer in vivo and in vitro. METHODS In this experiment, the antineoplastic effects of C. pyrenoidosa in the chemoprevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats were evaluated. Chlorella powder was administered through diet at concentrations of 0.3% and 3%. The experiment was terminated 14 wk after carcinogen administration. At autopsy, mammary tumors were removed and prepared for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity assay, parameters of apoptosis, and proliferation after chlorella treatment in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells were carried out. RESULTS Basic parameters of experimental carcinogenesis, mechanism of action (biomarkers of apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis), chosen metabolic variables, and side effects after long-term chlorella treatment in animals were assessed. Chlorella at higher concentration suppressed tumor frequency by 61% (P < 0.02) and lengthened tumor latency by 12.5 d (P < 0.02) in comparison with the controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of rat tumor cells showed caspase-7 expression increase by 73.5% (P < 0.001) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 expression decrease by 19% (P = 0.07) after chlorella treatment. In a parallel in vitro study, chlorella significantly decreased survival of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In chlorella-treated MCF-7 cells, a significant increase in cells having sub-G0/G1 DNA content and significant increase of early apoptotic and late apoptotic/necrotic cells after annexin V/PI staining assay were found. Decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing reactive oxygen species generation were observed in the chlorella-treated MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first report on the antineoplastic effects of C. pyrenoidosa in experimental breast cancer in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Andrea Kapinová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kružliak
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Desanka Výbohová
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, Slovak Medical University and St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Novák
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chripková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marián Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Péč
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Bianka Bojková
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biological and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Monika Kassayová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biological and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Nadežda Stollárová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Education, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Dobrota
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
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Li DJ, Song JF, Liu CQ. Stereoisomers Identification and Storage Stability of Microencapsulated Marigold Lutein. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.828748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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55
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Liu HL, Chen BH, Kao TH, Shiau CY. Carotenoids composition in Scutellaria barbata D. Don as detected by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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56
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Li DJ, Song JF, Liu CQ. Kinetic Stability of Lutein in Freeze-Dried Sweet Corn Powder Stored under Different Conditions. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.20.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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57
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Sözgen Başkan K, Tütem E, Özer N, Apak R. Spectrophotometric and chromatographic assessment of contributions of carotenoids and chlorophylls to the total antioxidant capacities of plant foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11371-81. [PMID: 24168293 DOI: 10.1021/jf403356h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids and chlorophylls are photosynthetic compounds and also efficient antioxidants. This study aims to identify and quantify carotenoids and chlorophylls in some vegetables (carrot, tomato, spinach), to measure the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of these samples with two spectrophotometric methods, to correlate TAC data with carotenoid structure, and to compare the TAC results with HPLC findings. Separation of the individual antioxidant pigments was achieved on a C30 column using a developed gradient elution program involving methanol-acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) with 0.1% (v/v) triethylamine (TEA) (A) and acetone (B) mobile phases. Total antioxidant capacities of the acetone extracts of studied samples, in trolox and β-carotene equivalents, were in the order: spinach > tomato > carrot by both CUPRAC and ABTS methods. CUPRAC responded favorably to both chlorophylls a and b. The TAC calculated with aid of combined HPLC-spectrophotometry was very close to the spectrophotometric value (93-108%) for real samples and synthetic mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Sözgen Başkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
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58
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Chen JR, Wu JJ, Lin JCT, Wang YC, Young CC, Shieh CJ, Hsu SL, Chang CMJ. Low density supercritical fluids precipitation of 9-cis and all trans-β-carotenes enriched particulates from Dunaliella salina. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1299:1-9. [PMID: 23777834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) pulverization coupled with reverse phase elution chromatography was employed to isolate 9-cis and trans-β-carotenes from Dunaliella salina. Total concentration of 9-cis (134.7mg/g) and trans-β-carotene (204.2mg/g) was increased from 338.9mg/g of the ultrasonic extract to 859.7mg/g (338.9 for 9-cis and 520.8 for trans) of the elution fraction. The SAS pulverization of the collected fraction further produced submicron-sized particulates containing 932.1mg/g (355.6 for 9-cis and 576.5 for trans) of total β-carotenes with a recovery of 86.3% (83.9% for cis and 87.8% for trans). Effects of two SAS operational conditions on the purity, recovery of total β-carotenes, mean size and morphology of the precipitates were obtained from an experimentally designed method. Generation of micronized particulates enriched with 9-cis and trans-β-carotenes by low-density SAS was proved to be feasible and environmental benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ren Chen
- National Chung Hsing University, Chemical Engineering Department, No. 250, Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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59
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Christaki E, Bonos E, Giannenas I, Florou-Paneri P. Functional properties of carotenoids originating from algae. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:5-11. [PMID: 23044813 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules which are synthesised de novo by photosynthetic plants, fungi and algae and are responsible for the orange, yellow and some red colours of various fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids are lipophilic compounds, some of which act as provitamins A. These compounds can be divided into xanthophylls and carotenes. Many macroalgae and microalgae are rich in carotenoids, where these compounds aid in the absorption of sunlight. Industrially, these carotenoids are used as food pigments (in dairy products, beverages, etc.), as feed additives, in cosmetics and in pharmaceuticals, especially nowadays when there is an increasing demand by consumers for natural products. Production of carotenoids from algae has many advantages compared to other sources; for example, their production is cheap, easy and environmentally friendly; their extraction is easier, with higher yields, and there is no lack of raw materials or limited seasonal variation. Recently, there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their antioxidant properties and their ability to reduce the incidence of some chronic diseases where free radicals are involved. Possibly, carotenoids protect cells from oxidative stress by quenching singlet oxygen damage with various mechanisms. Therefore, carotenoids derived from algae could be a leading natural resource in the research for potential functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efterpi Christaki
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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60
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Cernelic K, Prosek M, Golc-Wondra A, Rodic Z, Simonovska B, Puklavec M. Influence of Synthetic Antioxidants on Extraction of All-<i>trans</i>-Lutein from Spinach under Air and Nitrogen Atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.42027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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61
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Determination of carotenoids in microalgae using supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1250:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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62
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Determination of carotenoids in Taraxacum formosanum by HPLC–DAD–APCI-MS and preparation by column chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 66:144-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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63
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Hsu B, Pu Y, Inbaraj BS, Chen B. An improved high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–mass spectrometry method for determination of carotenoids and their precursors phytoene and phytofluene in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 899:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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64
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Separation and quantification of 15 carotenoids by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection with isosbestic wavelength approach. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1233:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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65
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Senthilkumar T, Ashokkumar N. Impact of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on the attenuation of hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and protection of kidney tissue in streptozotocin-cadmium induced diabetic nephropathic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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66
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Lordan S, Ross RP, Stanton C. Marine bioactives as functional food ingredients: potential to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1056-1100. [PMID: 21747748 PMCID: PMC3131561 DOI: 10.3390/md9061056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment represents a relatively untapped source of functional ingredients that can be applied to various aspects of food processing, storage, and fortification. Moreover, numerous marine-based compounds have been identified as having diverse biological activities, with some reported to interfere with the pathogenesis of diseases. Bioactive peptides isolated from fish protein hydrolysates as well as algal fucans, galactans and alginates have been shown to possess anticoagulant, anticancer and hypocholesterolemic activities. Additionally, fish oils and marine bacteria are excellent sources of omega-3 fatty acids, while crustaceans and seaweeds contain powerful antioxidants such as carotenoids and phenolic compounds. On the basis of their bioactive properties, this review focuses on the potential use of marine-derived compounds as functional food ingredients for health maintenance and the prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Lordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; E-Mails: (S.L.); (R.P.R.)
| | - R. Paul Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; E-Mails: (S.L.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; E-Mails: (S.L.); (R.P.R.)
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67
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Liau BC, Hong SE, Chang LP, Shen CT, Li YC, Wu YP, Jong TT, Shieh CJ, Hsu SL, Chang CMJ. Separation of sight-protecting zeaxanthin from Nannochloropsis oculata by using supercritical fluids extraction coupled with elution chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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68
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Kao TH, Chen CJ, Chen BH. Carotenoid composition in Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz as determined by HPLC-MS and affected by freeze-drying and hot-air-drying. Analyst 2011; 136:3194-202. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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69
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Tsai YC, Wu WB, Chen BH. Preparation of carotenoids and chlorophylls from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino and their antiproliferation effect on hepatoma cell. J Med Food 2010; 13:1431-42. [PMID: 20946022 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A preparative column chromatographic method for isolation of carotenoids and chlorophylls from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, a traditional Chinese herb, was developed to evaluate their antiproliferative effects on the hepatoma cell Hep3B. An open column containing 70 g of magnesium oxide-diatomaceous earth (1:2.5, wt/wt) was used to elute carotenoid with 2% ethanol in ethyl acetate and chlorophyll with 50% ethanol in acetone. After high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the carotenoid fraction was composed of all-trans- and cis-isomers of lutein, α-carotene, and β-carotene as well as epoxy-containing carotenoids, while the chlorophyll fraction consisted of chlorophylls a and b and their derivatives. Both carotenoid and chlorophyll fractions as well as lutein and chlorophyll a standards at 50-100 μg/mL were effective against Hep3B cells with a dose-dependent response with the following order: carotenoid fraction > chlorophyll fraction > lutein > chlorophyll a. For all treatments, the cell cycle was arrested in the G₀/G₁ phase, with Hep3B cells undergoing necrosis or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chian Tsai
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan
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70
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71
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Aherne SA, Daly T, Jiwan MA, O’Sullivan L, O’Brien NM. Bioavailability of β-carotene isomers from raw and cooked carrots using an in vitro digestion model coupled with a human intestinal Caco-2 cell model. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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72
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Effects of cooking on the profile and micellarization of 9-cis-, 13-cis- and all-trans-β-carotene in green vegetables. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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73
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Liu SC, Lin JT, Yang DJ. Determination of cis- and trans- α- and β-carotenoids in Taiwanese sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) harvested at various times. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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74
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Safety of use of colouring agents in animal nutrition - Part III: ß-apo-8’-carotenal, ethyl ester of ß-apo-8’-carotenoic acid, lutein, zeaxanthin and concluding remarks. EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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75
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Comprehensive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the measurements of lipophilic antioxidants in human plasma. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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76
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Kaiser P, Surmann P, Fuhrmann H. Mobile phase additives for enhancing the chromatographic performance of astaxanthin on nonendcapped polymeric C30-bonded stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:34-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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77
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Comparative analysis of astaxanthin and its esters in the mutant E1 of Haematococcus pluvialis and other green algae by HPLC with a C30 column. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 51:1108-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-008-0146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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78
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Cha KH, Koo SY, Lee DU. Antiproliferative effects of carotenoids extracted from Chlorella ellipsoidea and Chlorella vulgaris on human colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10521-10526. [PMID: 18942838 DOI: 10.1021/jf802111x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The antiproliferative activity of carotenoids separated from marine Chlorella ellipsoidea and freshwater Chlorella vulgaris has been evaluated. HPLC analysis revealed that the main carotenoid from C. ellipsoidea was composed of violaxanthin with two minor xanthophylls, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, whereas the carotenoid from C. vulgaris was almost completely composed of lutein. In an MTT assay, both semipurified extracts of C. ellipsoidea and C. vulgaris inhibited HCT116 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, yielding IC(50) values of 40.73 +/- 3.71 and 40.31 +/- 4.43 microg/mL, respectively. In addition, treatment with both chlorella extracts enhanced the fluorescence intensity of the early apoptotic cell population in HCT116 cells. C. ellipsoidea extract produced an apoptosis-inducing effect almost 2.5 times stronger than that of the C. vulgaris extract. These results indicate that bioactive xanthophylls of C. ellipsoidea might be useful functional ingredients in the prevention of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
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79
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Guil-Guerrero J, Rebolloso-Fuentes M. Nutrient Composition ofChlorellaspp. andMonodus subterraneusCultured in a Bubble Column Bioreactor. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430802262541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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80
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Hu CC, Lin JT, Lu FJ, Chou FP, Yang DJ. Determination of carotenoids in Dunaliella salina cultivated in Taiwan and antioxidant capacity of the algal carotenoid extract. Food Chem 2008; 109:439-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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81
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Inbaraj BS, Lu H, Hung CF, Wu WB, Lin CL, Chen BH. Determination of carotenoids and their esters in fruits of Lycium barbarum Linnaeus by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:812-8. [PMID: 18486400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Lycium barbarum Linnaeus, a traditional Chinese herb containing functional components such as carotenoids, flavonoids and polysaccharides, has been widely used in the health food industry because of its possible role in the prevention of chronic disease like age-related macular degeneration. The objectives of this study were to develop a high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detection-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) method with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mode for qualitative and quantitative analyses of carotenoids in fruits of L. barbarum. Dried samples of L. barbarum were subjected to extraction without saponification or extraction followed by saponification. A C30 column with a gradient mobile phase of methylene chloride (100%) and methanol-acetonitrile-water (81:14:5, v/v/v) was used to separate carotenoids, with a total of 11 free carotenoids and 7 carotenoid esters being resolved from unsaponified and saponified L. barbarum extracts within 51 and 41 min, respectively. The fatty acid composition of carotenoid esters was confirmed by gas chromatography. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (1143.7 microg/g) was present in the largest amount, followed by beta-cryptoxanthin monopalmitate and its two isomers (32.9-68.5 microg/g), zeaxanthin monopalmitate and its two isomers (11.3-62.8 microg/g), all-trans-beta-carotene (23.7 microg/g) and all-trans-zeaxanthin (1.4 microg/g).
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