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Abstract
Metabolomics is an analytical toolbox to describe (all) low-molecular-weight compounds in a biological system, as cells, tissues, urine, and feces, as well as in serum and plasma. To analyze such complex biological samples, high requirements on the analytical technique are needed due to the high variation in compound physico-chemistry (cholesterol derivatives, amino acids, fatty acids as SCFA, MCFA, or LCFA, or pathway-related metabolites belonging to each individual organism) and concentration dynamic range. All main separation techniques (LC-MS, GC-MS) are applied in routine to metabolomics hyphenated or not to mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis is a powerful high-resolving technique but still underused in this field of complex samples. Metabolomics can be performed in the non-targeted way to gain an overview on metabolite profiles in biological samples. Targeted metabolomics is applied to analyze quantitatively pre-selected metabolites. This chapter reviews the use of capillary electrophoresis in the field of metabolomics and exemplifies solutions in metabolite profiling and analysis in urine and plasma.
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Xin GZ, Hu B, Shi ZQ, Zheng JY, Wang L, Chang WQ, Li P, Yao Z, Liu LF. A direct ionization mass spectrometry-based approach for differentiation of medicinal Ephedra species. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 117:492-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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53
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Metabolomics of Olive Fruit: A Focus on the Secondary Metabolites. COMPENDIUM OF PLANT GENOMES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48887-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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54
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Chen Z, Huang C, Liu W, Zhang L, Tong P, Zhang L. Simultaneous determination of nucleoside and purine compounds in human urine based on a hydrophobic monolithic column using capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2727-2735. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Testing Center; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Shangrao Normal University; Shangrao Jiangxi China
| | - Chuanghui Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Testing Center; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Wei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Testing Center; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Testing Center; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Ping Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Testing Center; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Testing Center; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
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Castilho-Martins EA, Canuto GAB, Muxel SM, daSilva MFL, Floeter-Winter LM, Del Aguila C, López-Gonzálvez Á, Barbas C. Capillary electrophoresis reveals polyamine metabolism modulation in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis wild-type and arginase-knockout mutants under arginine starvation. Electrophoresis 2015. [PMID: 26202519 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
l-Arginine is an essential amino acid in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis metabolism. A key enzyme for parasite l-arginine metabolism is arginase (ARG) that uses arginine to produce urea and ornithine, a precursor of polyamine pathway guaranteeing parasite replication in both insect and mammal hosts. There is an alternative pathway to produce ornithine via l-proline and glutamate, but this mechanism is not described in Leishmania. In the mammal host, two enzymes can use l-arginine as substrate, the host ARG and the induced nitric oxide synthase that produces nitric oxide. The competition between induced nitric oxide synthase and both parasite and host ARG can favor the success of the infection or its control. Here, we established the metabolomics profile of the polyamine pathway of wild type (WT) L. (L.) amazonensis, submitted or not to l-arginine starvation, and compared to the ARG-knockout mutant (arg- ). Our results indicated that arginine starvation induces a decrease in arginine, ornithine, and putrescine, but we could not detect the significative level changes of spermidine, spermine, or agmatine. However, the absence of ARG on the arg- induced an increase of arginine and citrulline levels, but decreased the levels of ornithine and putrescine. Similarly to the WT arginine-starved parasites, the arg- parasites presented lower levels of proline when compared to the WT ones. This could be indicative of an alternative pathway to surpass the enzyme or its substrate absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson A Castilho-Martins
- Colegiado de Medicina and Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Interacciones y Bioanálisis (UMIB), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gisele A B Canuto
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Interacciones y Bioanálisis (UMIB), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Marcia Muxel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carmen Del Aguila
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles López-Gonzálvez
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Interacciones y Bioanálisis (UMIB), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Interacciones y Bioanálisis (UMIB), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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56
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Application of CE-MS to a metabonomics study of human urine from cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Bioanalysis 2015; 6:2733-49. [PMID: 25413705 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel biomarkers of exposure and early adverse effects are needed for comparative studies of combustible and non-combustible tobacco products for regulatory authority evaluation. Metabolic biomarkers reflect both gene and environmental effects. RESULTS CE-MS has been applied to human urine samples from non-smokers and smokers of cigarettes at two tar levels. Validated chemometric models were able to separate smokers from non-smokers, with discrimination mainly based on the presence of nicotine metabolites. With these removed, it still proved possible to discriminate smokers from non-smokers with models now based on endogenous metabolites. The biochemical relevance of these biomarkers is discussed. CONCLUSION This proof-of-principle metabonomics study illustrates the potential of CE-MS to discover novel biomarkers in urine from tobacco users.
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Ciborowski M, Adamska E, Rusak M, Godzien J, Wilk J, Citko A, Bauer W, Gorska M, Kretowski A. CE-MS-based serum fingerprinting to track evolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2286-2293. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Edyta Adamska
- Clinical Research Centre; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Magdalena Rusak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis); Universidad CEU San Pablo; Facultad de Farmacia; Madrid Spain
| | - Joanna Godzien
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis); Universidad CEU San Pablo; Facultad de Farmacia; Madrid Spain
| | - Juliusz Wilk
- Clinical Research Centre; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Witold Bauer
- Clinical Research Centre; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
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58
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Gray N, Lewis MR, Plumb RS, Wilson ID, Nicholson JK. High-Throughput Microbore UPLC–MS Metabolic Phenotyping of Urine for Large-Scale Epidemiology Studies. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2714-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gray
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R. Lewis
- MRC-NIHR National Phenome
Centre, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department
of Surgery and Cancer, IRDB Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S. Plumb
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D. Wilson
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- MRC-NIHR National Phenome
Centre, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department
of Surgery and Cancer, IRDB Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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59
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Kim SR, Kubo T, Kuroda Y, Hojyo M, Matsuo T, Miyajima A, Usami M, Sekino Y, Matsushita T, Ishida S. Comparative metabolome analysis of cultured fetal and adult hepatocytes in humans. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 39:717-23. [PMID: 25242401 DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the central organ of metabolism, but its function varies during development from fetus to adult. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed and compared metabolites in fetal and adult hepatocytes, the major parenchymal cell in the liver, from human donors. We identified 211 metabolites (116 anions and 95 cations) by capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS) in the hepatocytes cultured in vitro. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis of the relative amounts of metabolites clearly classified hepatocytes into 2 groups that were consistent with their origin, i.e., the fetus and adult. The amounts of most metabolites in the glycolysis/glyconeogenesis pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle and urea cycle were lower in fetal hepatocytes than in adult hepatocytes. These results suggest different susceptibility of the fetal and adult liver to toxic insults affecting energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ryang Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
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60
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Urakawa S, Takamoto K, Nakamura T, Sakai S, Matsuda T, Taguchi T, Mizumura K, Ono T, Nishijo H. Manual therapy ameliorates delayed-onset muscle soreness and alters muscle metabolites in rats. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/2/e12279. [PMID: 25713324 PMCID: PMC4393190 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) can be induced by lengthening contraction (LC); it can be characterized by tenderness and movement-related pain in the exercised muscle. Manual therapy (MT), including compression of exercised muscles, is widely used as physical rehabilitation to reduce pain and promote functional recovery. Although MT is beneficial for reducing musculoskeletal pain (i.e. DOMS), the physiological mechanisms of MT remain unclear. In the present study, we first developed an animal model of MT in DOMS; LC was applied to the rat gastrocnemius muscle under anesthesia, which induced mechanical hyperalgesia 2–4 days after LC. MT (manual compression) ameliorated mechanical hyperalgesia. Then, we used capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (CE-TOFMS) to investigate early effects of MT on the metabolite profiles of the muscle experiencing DOMS. The rats were divided into the following three groups; (1) normal controls, (2) rats with LC application (LC group), and (3) rats undergoing MT after LC (LC + MT group). According to the CE-TOFMS analysis, a total of 171 metabolites were detected among the three groups, and 19 of these metabolites were significant among the groups. Furthermore, the concentrations of eight metabolites, including branched-chain amino acids, carnitine, and malic acid, were significantly different between the LC + MT and LC groups. The results suggest that MT significantly altered metabolite profiles in DOMS. According to our findings and previous data regarding metabolites in mitochondrial metabolism, the ameliorative effects of MT might be mediated partly through alterations in metabolites associated with mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Urakawa
- Department of Judo Neurophysiotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Takamoto
- Department of Judo Neurophysiotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Sakai
- Department of Judo Neurophysiotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Teru Matsuda
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- Department of Judo Neurophysiotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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61
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Application of a novel metabolomic approach based on atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry using flow injection analysis for the study of Alzheimer׳s disease. Talanta 2015; 131:480-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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62
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Abu Bakar MH, Sarmidi MR, Cheng KK, Ali Khan A, Suan CL, Zaman Huri H, Yaakob H. Metabolomics – the complementary field in systems biology: a review on obesity and type 2 diabetes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1742-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper highlights the metabolomic roles in systems biology towards the elucidation of metabolic mechanisms in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor Bahru
- Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor Bahru
- Malaysia
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA)
| | - Kian-Kai Cheng
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor Bahru
- Malaysia
| | - Abid Ali Khan
- Institute of Bioproduct Development
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor Bahru
- Malaysia
- Department of Biosciences
| | - Chua Lee Suan
- Institute of Bioproduct Development
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor Bahru
- Malaysia
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Institute of Bioproduct Development
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor Bahru
- Malaysia
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63
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Vanholder R, Boelaert J, Glorieux G, Eloot S. New methods and technologies for measuring uremic toxins and quantifying dialysis adequacy. Semin Dial 2014; 28:114-24. [PMID: 25441338 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This publication reviews the currently available methods to identify uremic retention solutes, to determine their biological relevance and to quantify their removal. The analytical methods for the detection of uremic solutes have improved continuously, allowing the identification of several previously unknown solutes. Progress has been accelerated by the development of comprehensive strategies such as genomics, proteomics and the latest "omics" area, metabolomics. Those methodologies will be further refined in future. Once the concentration of solutes of interest is known based on targeted analysis, their biological relevance can be studied by means of in vitro, ex vivo, or animal models, provided those are representative for the key complications of the uremic syndrome. For this to come to pass, rigid protocols should be applied, e.g., aiming at free solute concentrations conform those found in uremia. Subsequently, the decrease in concentration of relevant solutes should be pursued by nondialysis (e.g., by influencing nutritional intake or intestinal generation, using sorbents, modifying metabolism, or preserving renal function) and dialysis methods. Optimal dialysis strategies can be sought by studying solute kinetics during dialysis. Clinical studies are necessary to assess the correct impact of those optimized strategies on outcomes. Although longitudinal studies of solute concentration and surrogate outcome studies are first steps in suggesting the usefulness of a given approach, ultimately hard outcome randomized controlled trials are needed to endorse evidence-based therapeutic choices. The nonspecificity of dialysis removal is however a handicap limiting the chances to provide proof of concept that a given solute or group of solutes has definite biological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
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64
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Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. CE-MS for metabolomics: Developments and applications in the period 2012-2014. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:212-24. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rawi Ramautar
- Division of Analytical Biosciences; LACDR; Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- AIMMS research group BioMolecular Analysis; Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry; VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Gerhardus J. de Jong
- Biomolecular Analysis; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
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65
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Lindenburg PW, Haselberg R, Rozing G, Ramautar R. Developments in Interfacing Designs for CE–MS: Towards Enabling Tools for Proteomics and Metabolomics. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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66
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González-Domínguez R, García A, García-Barrera T, Barbas C, Gómez-Ariza JL. Metabolomic profiling of serum in the progression of Alzheimer's disease by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3321-30. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl González-Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and CC.MM; Faculty of Experimental Science; University of Huelva; Huelva Spain
- Campus of Excellence International ceiA3; University of Huelva; Spain
- Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA); University of Huelva; Huelva Spain
| | - Antonia García
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Pharmacy Faculty; Universidad San Pablo CEU; Madrid Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Department of Chemistry and CC.MM; Faculty of Experimental Science; University of Huelva; Huelva Spain
- Campus of Excellence International ceiA3; University of Huelva; Spain
- Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA); University of Huelva; Huelva Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Pharmacy Faculty; Universidad San Pablo CEU; Madrid Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez-Ariza
- Department of Chemistry and CC.MM; Faculty of Experimental Science; University of Huelva; Huelva Spain
- Campus of Excellence International ceiA3; University of Huelva; Spain
- Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA); University of Huelva; Huelva Spain
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67
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Hirayama A, Wakayama M, Soga T. Metabolome analysis based on capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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68
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Gao P, Xu G. Mass-spectrometry-based microbial metabolomics: recent developments and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:669-80. [PMID: 25216964 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an omics technique aiming at qualitatively and quantitatively describing a metabolome by various analytical platforms. It is an indispensable component of modern systems biology. Microbial metabolomics can be roughly classified as metabolic footprint analysis and metabolic fingerprint analysis depending on the analyte origins. Both of them have been beneficial to microbiological research for different reasons. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques are popular analytical strategies prevailing in the metabolomics field. In this review, chromatography-mass-spectrometry-based microbial metabolomic analysis steps are summarized, including sample collection, metabolite extraction, instrument analysis, and data analysis. Moreover, their applications in some representative fields are discussed as examples. The aim of this review is to present briefly recent technical advances in mass-spectrometry-based analysis, and to highlight the value of modern applications of microbial metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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69
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Troise AD, Ferracane R, Palermo M, Fogliano V. Targeted metabolite profile of food bioactive compounds by Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry: The “FancyTiles” approach. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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70
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Jones MD, Rainville PD, Isaac G, Wilson ID, Smith NW, Plumb RS. Ultra high resolution SFC–MS as a high throughput platform for metabolic phenotyping: Application to metabolic profiling of rat and dog bile. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 966:200-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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71
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Trifonova OP, Lokhov PG, Archakov AI. [Metabolic profiling of human blood]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2014; 60:281-94. [PMID: 25019391 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20146003281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a novel "omics" branch of science intended for studying a comprehensive set of low molecular weight substances (metabolites) of various biological objects. Metabolite profiles represent a molecular phenotype of biological systems and reflect information encoded at the genome level and realized at the transcriptome and proteome levels. Analysis of human blood metabolic profile is universal and promising tool for clinical applications because it is a sensitive measure of both endogenous and exogenous (environmental) factors affected on the patient's organism. Technical implementation of metabolic profiling of blood and statistic analysis of metabolite profiles for effective diagnostics and risk assessments of diseases are discussed in this review.
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72
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Takeuchi K, Ohishi M, Endo K, Suzumura K, Naraoka H, Ohata T, Seki J, Miyamae Y, Honma M, Soga T. Hydroxyproline, a serum biomarker candidate for gastric ulcer in rats: a comparison study of metabolic analysis of gastric ulcer models induced by ethanol, stress, and aspirin. Biomark Insights 2014; 9:61-6. [PMID: 25125970 PMCID: PMC4125369 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s15918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms are a common manifestation of adverse drug effects. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed drugs that induce the serious side effect of gastric mucosal ulceration. Biomarkers for these side effects have not been identified and ulcers are now only detectable by endoscopy. We previously identified five metabolites as biomarker candidates for NSAID-induced gastric ulcer using capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS)-based metabolomic analysis of serum and stomach from rats. Here, to clarify mechanism of changes and limitations of indications of biomarker candidates, we performed CE–MS-based metabolomic profiling in stomach and serum from rats with gastric ulcers induced by ethanol, stress, and aspirin. The results suggest that a decrease in hydroxyproline reflects the induction of gastric injury and may be useful in identifying gastric ulcer induced by multiple causes. While extrapolation to humans requires further study, hydroxyproline can be a new serum biomarker of gastric injury regardless of cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Takeuchi
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maki Ohishi
- Institute for Advanced Bioscience, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keiko Endo
- Institute for Advanced Bioscience, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kenichi Suzumura
- Analysis and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Naraoka
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeji Ohata
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiro Seki
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamae
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Honma
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Bioscience, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
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73
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Metabolite Profiling of Root Exudates of Common Bean under Phosphorus Deficiency. Metabolites 2014; 4:599-611. [PMID: 25032978 PMCID: PMC4192682 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Root exudates improve the nutrient acquisition of plants and affect rhizosphere microbial communities. The plant nutrient status affects the composition of root exudates. The purpose of this study was to examine common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root exudates under phosphorus (P) deficiency using a metabolite profiling technique. Common bean plants were grown in a culture solution at P concentrations of 0 (P0), 1 (P1) and 8 (P8) mg P L−1 for 1, 10 and 20 days after transplanting (DAT). Root exudates were collected, and their metabolites were determined by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF MS). The shoot P concentration and dry weight of common bean plants grown at P0 were lower than those grown at P8. One hundred and fifty-nine, 203 and 212 metabolites were identified in the root exudates, and 16% (26/159), 13% (26/203) and 9% (20/212) of metabolites showed a P0/P8 ratio higher than 2.0 at 1, 10 and 20 DAT, respectively. The relative peak areas of several metabolites, including organic acids and amino acids, in root exudates were higher at P0 than at P8. These results suggest that more than 10% of primary and secondary metabolites are induced to exude from roots of common bean by P deficiency.
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74
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Recent developments in liquid-phase separation techniques for metabolomics. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1011-26. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the comprehensive analysis of low molecular weight compounds in biological samples such as cells, body fluids and tissues. Comprehensive profiling of metabolites in complex sample matrices with the current analytical toolbox remains a huge challenge. Over the past few years, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS) have emerged as powerful complementary analytical techniques in the field of metabolomics. This Review provides an update of the most recent developments in LC–MS and CE–MS for metabolomics. Concerning LC–MS, attention is paid to developments in column technology and miniaturized systems, while strategies are discussed to improve the reproducibility and the concentration sensitivity of CE–MS for metabolomics studies. Novel interfacing techniques for coupling CE to MS are also considered. Representative examples illustrate the potential of the recent developments in LC–MS and CE–MS for metabolomics. Finally, some conclusions and perspectives are provided.
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75
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Xin GZ, Hu B, Shi ZQ, Lam YC, Dong TTX, Li P, Yao ZP, Tsim KW. Rapid identification of plant materials by wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and a strategy to differentiate the bulbs of Fritillaria. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 820:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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76
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Sato D, Sugimoto M, Akashi H, Tomita M, Soga T. Comparative metabolite profiling of foxglove aphids (Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach) on leaves of resistant and susceptible soybean strains. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:909-15. [PMID: 24514152 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Aphid infestations can cause severe decreases in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) yield. Since planting aphid-resistant soybean strains is a promising approach for pest control, understanding the resistance mechanisms employed by aphids is of considerable importance. We compared aphid resistance in seven soybean strains and found that strain Tohoku149 was the most resistant to the foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach. We subsequently analyzed the metabolite profiles of aphids cultured on the leaves of resistant and susceptible soybean strains using capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our findings showed that the metabolite profiles of several amino acids, glucose 6-phosphate, and components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were similar in aphids reared on Tohoku149 leaves and in aphids maintained under conditions of starvation, suggesting that Tohoku149 is more resistant to aphid feeding. Compared to susceptible strains, we also found that two methylated metabolites, S-methylmethionine and trigonelline, were either not detected or decreased in aphids reared on Tohoku149 plants. Since these metabolites function as important sulfur transporters in phloem sap and osmoprotectants involved in salt and drought stress, respectively, aphid-resistance is considered to be related to sulfur metabolism and methylation. These results contribute to an increase in our understanding of soybean aphid resistance mechanisms at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
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77
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Takahashi S, Saito K, Jia H, Kato H. An integrated multi-omics study revealed metabolic alterations underlying the effects of coffee consumption. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91134. [PMID: 24618914 PMCID: PMC3949743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have indicated that coffee consumption may reduce the risks of developing obesity and diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms of these effects are poorly understood. Our previous study revealed the changes on gene expression profiles in the livers of C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet containing three types of coffee (caffeinated, decaffeinated and green unroasted coffee), using DNA microarrays. The results revealed remarkable alterations in lipid metabolism-related molecules which may be involved in the anti-obesity effects of coffee. We conducted the present study to further elucidate the metabolic alterations underlying the effects of coffee consumption through comprehensive proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Proteomics revealed an up-regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (a key enzyme in the TCA cycle) and its related proteins, suggesting increased energy generation. The metabolomics showed an up-regulation of metabolites involved in the urea cycle, with which the transcriptome data were highly consistent, indicating accelerated energy expenditure. The TCA cycle and the urea cycle are likely be accelerated in a concerted manner, since they are directly connected by mutually providing each other's intermediates. The up-regulation of these pathways might result in a metabolic shift causing increased ATP turnover, which is related to the alterations of lipid metabolism. This mechanism may play an important part in the suppressive effects of coffee consumption on obesity, inflammation, and hepatosteatosis. This study newly revealed global metabolic alterations induced by coffee intake, providing significant insights into the association between coffee intake and the prevention of type 2 diabetes, utilizing the benefits of multi-omics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Takahashi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Food for Life, Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Saito
- Food for Life, Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Huijuan Jia
- Food for Life, Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kato
- Food for Life, Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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78
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Suzuki M, Nishiumi S, Matsubara A, Azuma T, Yoshida M. Metabolome analysis for discovering biomarkers of gastroenterological cancer. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 966:59-69. [PMID: 24636738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in analytical technologies have made it possible to rapidly determine the concentrations of thousands of metabolites in any biological sample, which has resulted in metabolome analysis being applied to various types of research, such as clinical, cell biology, and plant/food science studies. The metabolome represents all of the end products and by-products of the numerous complex metabolic pathways operating in a biological system. Thus, metabolome analysis allows one to survey the global changes in an organism's metabolic profile and gain a holistic understanding of the changes that occur in organisms during various biological processes, e.g., during disease development. In clinical metabolomic studies, there is a strong possibility that differences in the metabolic profiles of human specimens reflect disease-specific states. Recently, metabolome analysis of biofluids, e.g., blood, urine, or saliva, has been increasingly used for biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis. Mass spectrometry-based techniques have been extensively used for metabolome analysis because they exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity during the identification and quantification of metabolites. Here, we describe metabolome analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the findings of studies that attempted to discover biomarkers of gastroenterological cancer are also outlined. Finally, we discuss metabolome analysis-based disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsuki Matsubara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Metabolomics Research, Department of Internal Medicine related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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79
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Abstract
Preimplantation embryo metabolism demonstrates distinctive characteristics associated with the developmental potential of embryos. On this basis, metabolite content of culture media was hypothesized to reflect the implantation potential of individual embryos. This hypothesis was tested in consecutive studies reporting a significant association between culture media metabolites and embryo development or clinical pregnancy. The need for a noninvasive, reliable, and rapid embryo assessment strategy promoted metabolomics studies in vitro fertilization (IVF) in an effort to increase success rates of single embryo transfers. With the advance of analytical techniques and bioinformatics, commercial instruments were developed to predict embryo viability using spectroscopic analysis of surplus culture media. However, despite the initial promising results from proof-of-principal studies, recent randomized controlled trials using commercial instruments failed to show a consistent benefit in improving pregnancy rates when metabolomics is used as an adjunct to morphology. At present, the application of metabolomics technology in clinical IVF laboratory requires the elimination of factors underlying inconsistent findings, when possible, and development of reliable predictive models accounting for all possible sources of bias throughout the embryo selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Uyar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Emre Seli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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80
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Ito Y, Hirasawa T, Shimizu H. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to improve succinic acid production based on metabolic profiling. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:151-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.877816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We performed metabolic engineering on the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for enhanced production of succinic acid. Aerobic succinic acid production in S. cerevisiae was achieved by disrupting the SDH1 and SDH2 genes, which encode the catalytic subunits of succinic acid dehydrogenase. Increased succinic acid production was achieved by eliminating the ethanol biosynthesis pathways. Metabolic profiling analysis revealed that succinic acid accumulated intracellularly following disruption of the SDH1 and SDH2 genes, which suggests that enhancing the export of intracellular succinic acid outside of cells increases succinic acid production in S. cerevisiae. The mae1 gene encoding the Schizosaccharomyces pombe malic acid transporter was introduced into S. cerevisiae, and as a result, succinic acid production was successfully improved. Metabolic profiling analysis is useful in producing chemicals for metabolic engineering of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Ito
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirasawa
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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81
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Garcia A, Naz S, Barbas C. Metabolite fingerprinting by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1198:107-123. [PMID: 25270926 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1258-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in metabolite concentrations in response to specific diseases, treatments, diets, or other factors can be used to understand the complex mechanisms that control and regulate the human body and potentially detect the onset of disease prior to the observation of symptoms in a patient. Different analytical and chemometric platforms are necessary to detect as many metabolites as possible in different biological fluids. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is a particularly attractive, although still not common, approach for metabolomics for the detection of mainly polar and ionic metabolites. Among its main features, CE provides the capability to separate complex mixtures with high resolution and minimum sample treatment. However, the routine, automated use of CE-MS is not without challenges. In this chapter we describe a well-tested method for fingerprinting serum and urine using CE-TOF-MS. We describe below a sensitive and quite robust method for metabolomics with CE-MS including sample treatment, separation conditions, instrumental setup, and identification of 76 metabolites in the profile. Useful advice for daily practice is also included for every step of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Garcia
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad De Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla Del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain
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82
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Nunes de Paiva MJ, Menezes HC, de Lourdes Cardeal Z. Sampling and analysis of metabolomes in biological fluids. Analyst 2014; 139:3683-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00583j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Metabolome analysis involves the study of small molecules that are involved in the metabolic responses that occur through patho-physiological changes caused by genetic stimuli or chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Nunes de Paiva
- Departamento de Química
- ICEx
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- 6627-31270901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei
| | - Helvécio Costa Menezes
- Departamento de Química
- ICEx
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- 6627-31270901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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83
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Lindenburg PW, Ramautar R, Jayo RG, Chen DDY, Hankemeier T. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry using a flow-through microvial interface for cationic metabolome analysis. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:1308-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petrus W. Lindenburg
- Division of Analytical Biosciences; Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Rawi Ramautar
- Division of Analytical Biosciences; Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Roxana G. Jayo
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - David D. Y. Chen
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences; Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre; Leiden The Netherlands
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84
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Ibáñez C, García-Cañas V, Valdés A, Simó C. Novel MS-based approaches and applications in food metabolomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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85
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Bouhifd M, Hartung T, Hogberg HT, Kleensang A, Zhao L. Review: toxicometabolomics. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 33:1365-83. [PMID: 23722930 PMCID: PMC3808515 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics use in toxicology is rapidly increasing, particularly owing to advances in mass spectroscopy, which is widely used in the life sciences for phenotyping disease states. Toxicology has the advantage of having the disease agent, the toxicant, available for experimental induction of metabolomics changes monitored over time and dose. This review summarizes the different technologies employed and gives examples of their use in various areas of toxicology. A prominent use of metabolomics is the identification of signatures of toxicity - patterns of metabolite changes predictive of a hazard manifestation. Increasingly, such signatures indicative of a certain hazard manifestation are identified, suggesting that certain modes of action result in specific derangements of the metabolism. This might enable the deduction of underlying pathways of toxicity, which, in their entirety, form the Human Toxome, a key concept for implementing the vision of Toxicity Testing for the 21st century. This review summarizes the current state of metabolomics technologies and principles, their uses in toxicology and gives a thorough overview on metabolomics bioinformatics, pathway identification and quality assurance. In addition, this review lays out the prospects for further metabolomics application also in a regulatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Correspondence to: T. Hartung, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, Chair for Evidence-based Toxicology, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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86
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Mozzi F, Ortiz ME, Bleckwedel J, De Vuyst L, Pescuma M. Metabolomics as a tool for the comprehensive understanding of fermented and functional foods with lactic acid bacteria. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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87
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Musilová J, Klejdus B, Glatz Z. Simultaneous quantification of energetically important metabolites in various cell types by CZE. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3807-12. [PMID: 24123860 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new CZE method was developed for the determination of 12 purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, two adenine coenzymes and their reduced forms, and acetyl coenzyme A in various cell extracts. As the concentration levels of these metabolites in living cells are low; CZE was combined with field-enhanced sample stacking. As a result, the separation conditions were optimised to achieve a suitable resolution at the relatively high sample volume provided by this on-line pre-concentration technique. The optimum BGE was 150 mM glycine buffer (pH 9.5). Samples were introduced hydrodynamically using a pressure of 35 mbar (3.5 kPa) for 25 s, and data were collected at a detection wavelength of 260 nm. An applied voltage of 30 kV (positive polarity) and capillary temperature of 25°C gave the best separation of these compounds. The optimised method was validated by determining the linearity, sensitivity and repeatability and it was successfully applied for the analysis of extracts from Paracoccus denitrificans bacteria and from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindra Musilová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
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88
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Wiedmer SK, Hyötyläinen T. Selection of Analytical Methodology for Metabolomics. CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS IN METABOLOMICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737272-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The main challenge in metabolomics analysis is the separation, identification and quantification of a large number of known or unknown metabolites in complex samples. The correct selection of sample collection and preparation method, type of separation methodology and detection are all crucial steps in the analysis of metabolomics. This chapter provides an overview of and general guidelines for strategies involved in the analysis of metabolomics, and different chromatographic techniques used in metabolomics studies are briefly presented. The methods are compared and the main features of the separation methods are listed. Finally, general conclusions and future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne K. Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo Finland
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89
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Vanyushkina AA, Kamashev DE, Altukhov IA, Govorun VM. Identification of intracellular Spiroplasma melliferum metabolites by the HPLC-MS method. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:864-77. [PMID: 22860908 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791208007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the abundance of systems-oriented approaches describing changes on the transcriptome or proteome level, relatively few studies have employed the metabolome. The goal of the presented research was to identify as many intracellular metabolites as possible in a Spiroplasma melliferum extract by flow injection time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The Mollicutes class bacterium S. melliferum is a member of a unique category of bacteria that have in common the absence of a cell wall, a reduced genome, and simplified metabolic pathways. Metabolite identification was confirmed by fragmentation of previously detected ions by target mass spectrometry. The selected liquid chromatography approach, hydrophilic interaction chromatography with amino and silica columns, effectively separates highly polar cellular metabolites prior to their detection on a high accuracy mass spectrometer in positive and negative acquisition mode for each column. Here we present reliable measurement of 76 metabolites, including components of sugar, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism. We have identified about a third of the possible intracellular S. melliferum metabolites predicted by genome annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Vanyushkina
- Russian Research Center Kurchatov Institute, pl. Akademika Kurchatova 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
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90
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Trifonova O, Lokhov P, Archakov A. Postgenomics diagnostics: metabolomics approaches to human blood profiling. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 17:550-9. [PMID: 24044364 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2012.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We live in exciting times with the prospects of postgenomics diagnostics. Metabolomics is a novel "omics" data-intensive science that is accelerating the development of postgenomics diagnostics, particularly with use of accessible peripheral tissue compartments. Metabolomics involves the study of a comprehensive set of low molecular weight substances (metabolites) present in biological systems. The metabolite profiles represent the molecular phenotype of biological systems and reflect the information encoded at the genomic level and implemented at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Analysis of the human blood metabolite profile is a universal and highly promising tool for clinical postgenomics applications because it reflects both the endogenous and exogenous (environmental) factors influencing an individual organism. This article presents a critical synthesis and original analysis of both the technical implementation of metabolic profiling of blood and statistical analysis of metabolite profiles for effective disease diagnostics and risk assessment in the present postgenomics era.
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91
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Balderas C, Rupérez FJ, Ibañez E, Señorans J, Guerrero-Fernández J, Casado IG, Gracia-Bouthelier R, García A, Barbas C. Plasma and urine metabolic fingerprinting of type 1 diabetic children. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2882-90. [PMID: 23857511 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic disorders of childhood. The metabolic control is lost due to the lack of insulin, which is the main treatment for the disease. Nevertheless, long-term complications appear even under good glycemic control. Metabolomics, an emerging strategy, can help in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of metabolic disorders. The objective of the present study was to investigate the alterations in plasma (by LC-MS) and urine (CE-MS) of type 1 diabetic children that were under insulin treatment and good glycemic control. Even without remarkable biochemical differences between the two groups (diabetic and control) except for glucose level and glycosilated hemoglobin, metabolomic tools were able to capture subtle metabolic differences. The main changes in plasma were associated to lipidic metabolism (nonesterified fatty acids, lysophospholipids, and other derivatives of fatty acids), and some markers of the differential activity of the gut microflora were also found (bile acids, p-cresol sulfate). In urine, changes associated to protein and amino acid metabolism were found (amino acids, their metabolites and derivatives), and among them one advanced glycation end product (carboxyethylarginine) and one early glycation end product (fructosamine) were excreted in higher proportion in the diabetic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Balderas
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis - CEMBIO, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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92
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Trifonova OP, Lokhov PG, Archakov AI. Metabolic profiling of human blood. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750813030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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93
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Fernie AR, Morgan JA. Analysis of metabolic flux using dynamic labelling and metabolic modelling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1738-1750. [PMID: 23421750 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic fluxes and the capacity to modulate them are a crucial component of the ability of the plant cell to react to environmental perturbations. Our ability to quantify them and to attain information concerning the regulatory mechanisms that control them is therefore essential to understand and influence metabolic networks. For all but the simplest of flux measurements labelling methods have proven to be the most informative. Both steady-state and dynamic labelling approaches have been adopted in the study of plant metabolism. Here the conceptual basis of these complementary approaches, as well as their historical application in microbial, mammalian and plant sciences, is reviewed, and an update on technical developments in label distribution analyses is provided. This is supported by illustrative cases studies involving the kinetic modelling of secondary metabolism. One issue that is particularly complex in the analysis of plant fluxes is the extensive compartmentation of the plant cell. This problem is discussed from both theoretical and experimental perspectives, and the current approaches used to address it are assessed. Finally, current limitations and future perspectives of kinetic modelling of plant metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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94
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Hashino E, Kuboniwa M, Alghamdi SA, Yamaguchi M, Yamamoto R, Cho H, Amano A. Erythritol alters microstructure and metabolomic profiles of biofilm composed of Streptococcus gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2013; 28:435-51. [PMID: 23890177 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of sugar alcohols such as erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol on periodontopathic biofilm are poorly understood, though they have often been reported to be non-cariogenic sweeteners. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of sugar alcohols for inhibiting periodontopathic biofilm formation using a heterotypic biofilm model composed of an oral inhabitant Streptococcus gordonii and a periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Confocal microscopic observations showed that the most effective reagent to reduce P. gingivalis accumulation onto an S. gordonii substratum was erythritol, as compared with xylitol and sorbitol. In addition, erythritol moderately suppressed S. gordonii monotypic biofilm formation. To examine the inhibitory effects of erythritol, we analyzed the metabolomic profiles of erythritol-treated P. gingivalis and S. gordonii cells. Metabolome analyses using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that a number of nucleic intermediates and constituents of the extracellular matrix, such as nucleotide sugars, were decreased by erythritol in a dose-dependent manner. Next, comparative analyses of metabolites of erythritol- and sorbitol-treated cells were performed using both organisms to determine the erythritol-specific effects. In P. gingivalis, all detected dipeptides, including Glu-Glu, Ser-Glu, Tyr-Glu, Ala-Ala and Thr-Asp, were significantly decreased by erythritol, whereas they tended to be increased by sorbitol. Meanwhile, sorbitol promoted trehalose 6-phosphate accumulation in S. gordonii cells. These results suggest that erythritol has inhibitory effects on dual species biofilm development via several pathways, including suppression of growth resulting from DNA and RNA depletion, attenuated extracellular matrix production, and alterations of dipeptide acquisition and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hashino
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
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95
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Matsushika A, Nagashima A, Goshima T, Hoshino T. Fermentation of xylose causes inefficient metabolic state due to carbon/energy starvation and reduced glycolytic flux in recombinant industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69005. [PMID: 23874849 PMCID: PMC3706439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, comprehensive, quantitative metabolome analysis was carried out on the recombinant glucose/xylose-cofermenting S. cerevisiae strain MA-R4 during fermentation with different carbon sources, including glucose, xylose, or glucose/xylose mixtures. Capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to determine the intracellular pools of metabolites from the central carbon pathways, energy metabolism pathways, and the levels of twenty amino acids. When xylose instead of glucose was metabolized by MA-R4, glycolytic metabolites including 3- phosphoglycerate, 2- phosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate were dramatically reduced, while conversely, most pentose phosphate pathway metabolites such as sedoheptulose 7- phosphate and ribulose 5-phosphate were greatly increased. These results suggest that the low metabolic activity of glycolysis and the pool of pentose phosphate pathway intermediates are potential limiting factors in xylose utilization. It was further demonstrated that during xylose fermentation, about half of the twenty amino acids declined, and the adenylate/guanylate energy charge was impacted due to markedly decreased adenosine triphosphate/adenosine monophosphate and guanosine triphosphate/guanosine monophosphate ratios, implying that the fermentation of xylose leads to an inefficient metabolic state where the biosynthetic capabilities and energy balance are severely impaired. In addition, fermentation with xylose alone drastically increased the level of citrate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and increased the aromatic amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine, strongly supporting the view that carbon starvation was induced. Interestingly, fermentation with xylose alone also increased the synthesis of the polyamine spermidine and its precursor S-adenosylmethionine. Thus, differences in carbon substrates, including glucose and xylose in the fermentation medium, strongly influenced the dynamic metabolism of MA-R4. These results provide a metabolic explanation for the low ethanol productivity on xylose compared to glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Matsushika
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hiroshima, Japan.
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96
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Bao Y, Mukai K, Hishiki T, Kubo A, Ohmura M, Sugiura Y, Matsuura T, Nagahata Y, Hayakawa N, Yamamoto T, Fukuda R, Saya H, Suematsu M, Minamishima YA. Energy management by enhanced glycolysis in G1-phase in human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:973-85. [PMID: 23741060 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0669-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Activation of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells is well known as the Warburg effect, although its relation to cell- cycle progression remains unknown. In this study, human colon cancer cells were labeled with a cell-cycle phase-dependent fluorescent marker Fucci to distinguish cells in G1-phase and those in S + G2/M phases. Fucci-labeled cells served as splenic xenograft transplants in super-immunodeficient NOG mice and exhibited multiple metastases in the livers, frozen sections of which were analyzed by semiquantitative microscopic imaging mass spectrometry. Results showed that cells in G1-phase exhibited higher concentrations of ATP, NADH, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine than those in S and G2-M phases, suggesting accelerated glycolysis in G1-phase cells in vivo. Quantitative determination of metabolites in cells synchronized in S, G2-M, and G1 phases suggested that efflux of lactate was elevated significantly in G1-phase. By contrast, ATP production in G2-M was highly dependent on mitochondrial respiration, whereas cells in S-phase mostly exhibited an intermediary energy metabolism between G1 and G2-M phases. Isogenic cells carrying a p53-null mutation appeared more active in glycolysis throughout the cell cycle than wild-type cells. Thus, as the cell cycle progressed from G2-M to G1 phases, the dependency of energy production on glycolysis was increased while the mitochondrial energy production was reciprocally decreased. IMPLICATIONS These results shed light on distinct features of the phase-specific phenotypes of metabolic systems in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, and Leader, JST ERATO Suematsu Gas Biology Project, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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97
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Yamada H, Kitagawa S, Ohtani H. Simultaneous separation of water- and fat-soluble vitamins in isocratic pressure-assisted capillary electrochromatography using a methacrylate-based monolithic column. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1980-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso; Showa Nagoya Japan
| | - Shinya Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso; Showa Nagoya Japan
| | - Hajime Ohtani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso; Showa Nagoya Japan
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98
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Matsumoto M, Kibe R, Ooga T, Aiba Y, Sawaki E, Koga Y, Benno Y. Cerebral low-molecular metabolites influenced by intestinal microbiota: a pilot study. Front Syst Neurosci 2013; 7:9. [PMID: 23630473 PMCID: PMC3632785 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2013.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that intestinal microbiota influences gut-brain communication. In this study, we aimed to clarify the influence of intestinal microbiota on cerebral metabolism. We analyzed the cerebral metabolome of germ-free (GF) mice and Ex-GF mice, which were inoculated with suspension of feces obtained from specific pathogen-free mice, using capillary electrophoresis with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS). CE-TOFMS identified 196 metabolites from the cerebral metabolome in both GF and Ex-GF mice. The concentrations of 38 metabolites differed significantly (p < 0.05) between GF and Ex-GF mice. Approximately 10 of these metabolites are known to be involved in brain function, whilst the functions of the remainder are unclear. Furthermore, we observed a novel association between cerebral glycolytic metabolism and intestinal microbiota. Our work shows that cerebral metabolites are influenced by normal intestinal microbiota through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and indicates that normal intestinal microbiota closely connected with brain health and disease, development, attenuation, learning, memory, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Matsumoto
- Dairy Science and Technology Institute, Kyodo Milk Industry Co. Ltd. Hinode-machi, Tokyo, Japan
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99
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Rodríguez J, Castañeda G, Muñoz L. Direct determination of pregabalin in human urine by nonaqueous CE-TOF-MS. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1429-36. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juana Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real; Spain
| | - Gregorio Castañeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real; Spain
| | - Lorena Muñoz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real; Spain
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100
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Sato D, Akashi H, Sugimoto M, Tomita M, Soga T. Metabolomic profiling of the response of susceptible and resistant soybean strains to foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 925:95-103. [PMID: 23523883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aphid infection reduces soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) yield. Consequently, cultivation of aphid-resistant strains is a promising approach to pest control, and understanding the resistance mechanism is of importance. Here, we characterized the resistance of soybeans to foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach, at the metabolite level. First, we evaluated aphid mortality and settlement rates on the leaves of two soybean strains, 'Tohoku149' and 'Suzuyutaka', and found that the former had strong resistance soon after introduction of the aphids. The metabolomic response to aphid introduction was analyzed using capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We found the following three features in the profiles: (1) concentrations of citrate, amino acids, and their intermediates were intrinsically higher for Tohoku149 than Suzuyutaka, (2) concentrations of several metabolites producing secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and alkaloids, drastically changed 6h after aphid introduction, and (3) concentrations of TCA cycle metabolites increased in Tohoku149 48 h after aphid introduction. We also profiled free amino acids in aphids reared on both soybean strains and under starvation, and found that the profile of the aphids on Tohoku149 was similar to that of the starved aphids, but different to that of aphids on Suzuyutaka. These tests confirmed that aphids suck phloem sap even from Tohoku149. This study demonstrates the metabolomic profiles of both soybean strains and aphids, which will contribute to the molecular level understanding of mechanisms of soybean resistance to aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
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