51
|
Quality by design in the chiral separation strategy for the determination of enantiomeric impurities: development of a capillary electrophoresis method based on dual cyclodextrin systems for the analysis of levosulpiride. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1380:177-85. [PMID: 25582483 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quality by design (QbD) concepts, in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation Pharmaceutical Development guideline Q8(R2), represent an innovative strategy for the development of analytical methods. In this paper QbD principles have been comprehensively applied in the set-up of a capillary electrophoresis method aimed to quantify enantiomeric impurities. The test compound was the chiral drug substance levosulpiride (S-SUL) and the developed method was intended to be used for routine analysis of the pharmaceutical product. The target of analytical QbD approach is to establish a design space (DS) of critical process parameters (CPPs) where the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the method have been assured to fulfil the desired requirements with a selected probability. QbD can improve the understanding of the enantioseparation process, including both the electrophoretic behavior of enantiomers and their separation, therefore enabling its control. The CQAs were represented by enantioresolution and analysis time. The scouting phase made it possible to select a separation system made by sulfated-β-cyclodextrin and a neutral cyclodextrin, operating in reverse polarity mode. The type of neutral cyclodextrin was included among other CPPs, both instrumental and related to background electrolyte composition, which were evaluated in a screening phase by an asymmetric screening matrix. Response surface methodology was carried out by a Doehlert design and allowed the contour plots to be drawn, highlighting significant interactions between some of the CPPs. DS was defined by applying Monte-Carlo simulations, and corresponded to the following intervals: sulfated-β-cyclodextrin concentration, 9-12 mM; methyl-β-cyclodextrin concentration, 29-38 mM; Britton-Robinson buffer pH, 3.24-3.50; voltage, 12-14 kV. Robustness of the method was examined by a Plackett-Burman matrix and the obtained results, together with system repeatability data, led to define a method control strategy. The method was validated and was finally applied to determine the enantiomeric purity of S-SUL in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Collapse
|
52
|
Wan Ibrahim WA, Arsad SR, Maarof H, Sanagi MM, Aboul-Enein HY. Chiral Separation of Four Stereoisomers of Ketoconazole Drugs Using Capillary Electrophoresis. Chirality 2014; 27:223-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim
- Separation Science & Technology Group (SepSTec); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Nanotechnology Research Alliance; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Siti Rosilah Arsad
- Separation Science & Technology Group (SepSTec); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Nanotechnology Research Alliance; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Hasmerya Maarof
- Separation Science & Technology Group (SepSTec); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Nanotechnology Research Alliance; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Marsin Sanagi
- Separation Science & Technology Group (SepSTec); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Nanotechnology Research Alliance; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Dokki Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Hancu G, Papp LA, Rusu A. Chiral Separation of the Enantiomers of Omeprazole and Pantoprazole by Capillary Electrophoresis. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
54
|
Whitcombe MJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:297-401. [PMID: 24700625 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.
Collapse
|
55
|
Absalan G, Akhond M, Rafatmah E, Alipour Y. Application of gold nanoparticles and l-cysteine double layer on commercial thin-layer chromatography plates as a new substrate for direct resolution of propranolol enantiomers. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.27.2014.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
56
|
Liu R, Du Y, Chen J, Zhang Q, Du S, Feng Z. Investigation of the Enantioselectivity of Tetramethylammonium L-hydroxyproline Ionic Liquid as a Novel Chiral Ligand in Ligand-Exchange CE and Ligand-Exchange MEKC. Chirality 2014; 27:58-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaquan Chen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaijing Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Feng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ma Y, Zhang H, Chen H, Chen X. Recent developments in chiral analysis of β-blocker drugs by capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3345-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Huige Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province; Lanzhou P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Zandkarimi M, Tabrizian K, Darbandi MA, Dahmardeh S. EFFECT OF CYCLODEXTRINS ON THE STABILITY OF BILAYER: A NOVEL ELECTROPHORETIC APPROACH. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.840840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zandkarimi
- a School of Pharmacy , Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol , Iran
| | - Kaveh Tabrizian
- a School of Pharmacy , Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol , Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Dahmardeh
- a School of Pharmacy , Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Geryk R, Kalíková K, Vozka J, Plecitá D, Schmid MG, Tesařová E. Enantioselective potential of chiral stationary phases based on immobilized polysaccharides in reversed phase mode. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:155-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
60
|
Müllerová L, Dubský P, Gaš B. Twenty years of development of dual and multi-selector models in capillary electrophoresis: a review. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2688-700. [PMID: 24946108 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It has been 20 years since Lurie et al. first published their model of electromigration of an analyte under simultaneous interaction with two cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. Since then, the theory of (enantio)separation in dual and complex mixtures of (chiral) selectors is well understood. In spite of this, a trial-and-error approach still prevails in analytical practice. Such a situation is likely caused by the fact that the entire theory is spread over numerous papers and the relations between various models are not always clear. The present review condenses the theory for the first time. Available mathematical models and feasible practical approaches are summarized and their advantages and limitations discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müllerová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Thormann W, Chankvetadze L, Gumustas M, Chankvetadze B. Dynamic computer simulation of electrophoretic enantiomer migration order and separation in presence of a neutral cyclodextrin. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2833-41. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Thormann
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory; Institute for Infectious Diseases; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Lali Chankvetadze
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry; School of Exact and Natural Sciences; Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Mehmet Gumustas
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry; School of Exact and Natural Sciences; Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry; School of Exact and Natural Sciences; Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Mu X, Qi L, Qiao J, Yang X, Ma H. Enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids and dipeptides by chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis based on Zn(II)-L-hydroxyproline complexes coordinating with γ-cyclodextrins. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 846:68-74. [PMID: 25220143 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis (CLE-CE) method using Zn(II) as the central ion and L-4-hydroxyproline as the chiral ligand coordinating with γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was developed for the enantioseparation of amino acids (AAs) and dipeptides. The effects of various separation parameters, including the pH of the running buffer, the ratio of Zn(II) to L-4-hydroxyproline, the concentration of complexes and cyclodextrins (CDs) were systematically investigated. After optimization, it has been found that eight pairs of labeled AAs and six pairs of labeled dipeptides could be baseline-separated with a running electrolyte of 100.0mM boric acid, 5.0mM ammonium acetate, 3.0mM Zn(II), 6.0mM L-hydroxyproline and 4.0mM γ-CD at pH 8.2. The quantitation of AAs and dipeptides was conducted and good linearity (r(2)≥0.997) and favorable repeatability (RSD≤3.6%) were obtained. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied in determining the enantiomeric purity of AAs and dipeptides. Meanwhile, the possible enantiorecognition mechanism based on the synergistic effect of chiral metal complexes and γ-CD was explored and discussed briefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Mu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Juan Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Xinzheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Huimin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Ma Y, Zhang H, Rahman ZU, Wang W, Li X, Chen H, Chen X. Sensitive enantioanalysis of β-blockers via field-amplified sample injection combined with water removal in microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2772-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Huige Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Zia ur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province; Lanzhou P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Xie HY, Wang ZR, Fu ZF. Highly sensitive trivalent copper chelate-luminol chemiluminescence system for capillary electrophoresis chiral separation and determination of ofloxacin enantiomers in urine samples. J Pharm Anal 2014; 4:412-416. [PMID: 29403908 PMCID: PMC5761357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, fast and sensitive capillary electrophoresis (CE) strategy combined with chemiluminescence (CL) detection for analysis of ofloxacin (OF) enantiomers was established in the present work. Sulfonated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was used as the chiral additive being added into the running buffer of luminol–diperiodatocuprate (III) (K5[Cu(HIO6)2], DPC) chemiluminescence system. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method was successfully applied to separation and analysis of OF enantiomers with the detection limits (S/N=3) of 8.0 nM and 7.0 nM for levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin, respectively. The linear ranges were both 0.010–100 μM. The method was utilized for analyzing OF in urine; the results obtained were satisfactory and recoveries were 89.5–110.8%, which demonstrated the reliability of this method. This approach can also be further extended to analyze different commercial OF medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yue Xie
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.,Zigong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zigong 643010, China
| | - Zuo-Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Sun W, Dong Y, Cui H, Zhao H, He Y, Ding Y, Li X, Yuan Z. Cyclodextrin-Modified Gold Nanoparticle Capillary Electrochromatography with Online Sample Stacking for Simultaneous and Sensitive Determination of Aminobenzoic Acid Isomers. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
66
|
Zhang Q, Du Y, Du S. Evaluation of ionic liquids-coated carbon nanotubes modified chiral separation system with chondroitin sulfate E as chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1339:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
67
|
Tanaka M, Nagamatsu K, Nishi H. High-performance enantiomer separation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by 3 μm reversed-phase chiral columns and application to the optical purity testing of naproxen drug substances and its formulations. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:397-406. [PMID: 24614736 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomer separation of five nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, ketoprofen (KP) and naproxen (NX), which are included in The Japanese Pharmacopoeia 16th edition (JP16), was investigated by employing four kinds of 3 μm reversed-phase chiral columns (AD-3R, AS-3R, OD-3R and OJ-3R). Except for KP, the enantiomers of four NSAIDs were successfully separated by one of the four columns. Among five NSAIDs, only NX has been used as a single enantiomer (S-form, active form) in the clinical field (JP16); therefore, optical purity testing method of NX is required for its quality evaluation. Among four CSPs, the method was developed by using an AS-3R column, which showed good enantioselectivity for NX enantiomers. By optimizing the conditions, the resolution (Rs) of 2.55 was obtained for NX enantiomers within approximately 6 min. The minor enantiomer R-form eluted before the main active enantiomer S-form. Finally, the developed method was applied to the optical purity testing of NX active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and its formulations (tablet and capsule). Other than the minor enantiomer (R-form, inactive form, 0.21 - 0.78%), normal (not chiral) impurities at levels of 0.01-0.3% were simultaneously separated and determined by the method, showing an excellent separation capability of the method for those impurities including the minor enantiomer. The content uniformity test of the NX tablet according to JP16 was also successfully performed by the method with the AS-3R column. Normal phase separation with two chiral columns (AD-H and OD-H) and capillary electrophoretic (CE) separation were also investigated for five NSAIDs enantiomers to discuss the enantioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moe Tanaka
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Liang RP, Wang XN, Liu CM, Meng XY, Qiu JD. Facile preparation of protein stationary phase based on polydopamine/graphene oxide platform for chip-based open tubular capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1323:135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
69
|
Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1557-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
70
|
Li X, Xiao D, Ou XM, McCullum C, Liu YM. A microchip electrophoresis-mass spectrometric platform for fast separation and identification of enantiomers employing the partial filling technique. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1318:251-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
71
|
Ali I, Sanagi MM, Aboul-Enein HY. Advances in chiral separations by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:926-36. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia; (Central University) Jamia Nagar; New Delhi India
| | - Mohd Marsin Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Dokki Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Separation and determination of chlorophenylpiperazine isomers in confiscated pills by capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 84:140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
73
|
Yu J, Jiang Z, Sun T, Ji F, Xu S, Wei L, Guo X. Enantiomeric separation of meptazinol and its three intermediate enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: quantitative analysis of meptazinol in pharmaceutical formulations. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:135-41. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Tiemin Sun
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Ji
- Liaoning Yicheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd; Shenyang, 105 Bayi Road Shenyang 110103 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuying Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Wei
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Zhang Q, Du Y. Evaluation of the enantioselectivity of glycogen-based synergistic system with amino acid chiral ionic liquids as additives in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1306:97-103. [PMID: 23910600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, two novel amino acid chiral ILs, tetramethylammonium-l-arginine (TMA-l-Arg) and tetramethylammonium-l-aspartic acid (TMA-l-Asp), were applied for the first time in CE enantioseparation to evaluate their potential synergistic effect with glycogen as chiral selector. As observed, significantly improved separation of tested enantiomers were obtained in the chiral ILs/glycogen synergistic systems compared to the single glycogen separation system. Several primary parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as amino acid ILs (AAILs) concentration, glycogen concentration and buffer pH, were systematically investigated. An achiral tetramethylammonium hydroxide ionic liquid (TMA-OH) modified separation system was also evaluated to validate the superiority of the novel chiral ILs/glycogen synergistic systems. To further optimize the overall synergistic systems, the effect of three other parameters, including buffer concentration, applied voltage and capillary temperature were simultaneously analyzed by a central composite design (CCD), and excellent enantioseparations were achieved with the optimized parameters. The results indicate that the application of chiral ILs/glycogen synergistic systems is a promising way in chiral separation science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Dixit S, Park JH. Application of antibiotics as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoretic enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:10-26. [PMID: 23780664 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed several new trends in chiral separation, for example, the enantiorecognition ability of several new antibiotics has been explored using capillary electrophoresis (CE) prior to HPLC; antibiotics have been employed as chiral selectors (CSs) in a nonaqueous CE (NACE) mode; and several new detection techniques (namely, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection) have been used in combination with CE for quantification of enantiomers. On account of these emerging trends, this article aims to review the application of various classes of antibiotics for CE enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals. A detailed account of the basic factors affecting enantioseparation, certain limitations of antibiotics as CSs and strategies to mitigate them, and advantages of NACE while using antibiotics as CSs has also been presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Ospina J, Sorrenti A, Illa O, Pons R, Ortuño RM. New chiral polyfunctional cyclobutane derivatives from (−)-verbenone: possible surfactant behaviour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
77
|
Lehnert P, Přibylka A, Maier V, Znaleziona J, Ševčík J, Douša M. Enantiomeric separation ofR,S-tolterodine andR,S-methoxytolterodine with negatively charged cyclodextrins by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1561-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Přibylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Palacký University in Olomouc; Olomouc; Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Maier
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Palacký University in Olomouc; Olomouc; Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Znaleziona
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Palacký University in Olomouc; Olomouc; Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Ševčík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Palacký University in Olomouc; Olomouc; Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Orlandini S, Gotti R, Furlanetto S. Multivariate optimization of capillary electrophoresis methods: a critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 87:290-307. [PMID: 23669025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article a review on the recent applications of multivariate techniques for optimization of electromigration methods, is presented. Papers published in the period from August 2007 to February 2013, have been taken into consideration. Upon a brief description of each of the involved CE operative modes, the characteristics of the chemometric strategies (type of design, factors and responses) applied to face a number of analytical challenges, are presented. Finally, a critical discussion, giving some practical advices and pointing out the most common issues involved in multivariate set-up of CE methods, is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
A versatile polydopamine platform for facile preparation of protein stationary phase for chip-based open tubular capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1294:145-51. [PMID: 23643186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple, and economical method for the preparation of chiral stationary phases for chip-based enantioselective open tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) using polydopamine (PDA) coating as an adhesive layer was reported for the first time. After the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic chip was filled with dopamine (DA) solution, PDA film was gradually formed and deposited on the inner wall of microchannel as permanent coating via the oxidation of DA by the oxygen dissolved in the solution. Due to possessing plentiful catechol and amine functional groups, PDA coating can serve as a versatile multifunctional platform for further secondary reactions, leading to tailoring of the coatings for protein bioconjugation by the thiols and amines via Michael addition or Schiff base reactions. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), acting as a target protein, was then stably and homogeneously immobilized in the PDA-coated PDMS microchannel to fabricate a novel protein stationary phase. Compared with the native PDMS microchannels, the modified surfaces exhibited much better wettability, more stable and enhanced electroosmotic mobility, and less nonspecific adsorption. The water contact angle and electroosmotic flow of PDA/BSA-coated PDMS substrate were measured to be 44° and 2.83×10(-4)cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), compared to those of 112° and 2.10×10(-4)cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) from the untreated one, respectively. Under a mild condition, d- and l-tryptophan were efficiently separated with a resolution of 1.68 within 130s utilizing a separation length of 37mm coupled with in-column amperometric detection on the PDA/BSA-coated PDMS microchips. This present versatile platform, facile conjugation of biomolecules onto microchip surfaces via mussel adhesive protein inspired coatings, may offer new processing strategies to prepare a biomimetic surface design on microfluidic chips, which is promising in high-throughput and complex biological analysis.
Collapse
|
80
|
An ion-pair principle for enantioseparations of basic analytes by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis using the di-n-butyl l-tartrate–boric acid complex as chiral selector. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1284:188-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
81
|
Ilisz I, Aranyi A, Péter A. Chiral derivatizations applied for the separation of unusual amino acid enantiomers by liquid chromatography and related techniques. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:119-39. [PMID: 23598164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for life, and have many functions in metabolism. One particularly important function is to serve as the building blocks of peptides and proteins, giving rise complex three dimensional structures through disulfide bonds or crosslinked amino acids. Peptides are frequently cyclic and contain proteinogenic as well as nonproteinogenic amino acids in many instances. Since most of the proteinogenic α-amino acids contain at least one stereogenic center (with the exception of glycine), the stereoisomers of all these amino acids and the peptides in which they are to be found may possess differences in biological activity in living systems. The impetus for advances in chiral separation has been highest in the past 25 years and this still continues to be an area of high focus. The important analytical task of the separation of isomers is achieved mainly by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. This paper reviews indirect separation approaches, i.e. derivatization reactions aimed at creating the basis for the chromatographic resolution of biologically and pharmaceutically important enantiomers of unusual amino acids and related compounds, with emphasis on the literature published from 1980s. The main aspects of the chiral derivatization of amino acids are discussed, i.e. derivatization on the amino group, transforming the molecules into covalently bonded diastereomeric derivatives through the use of homochiral derivatizing agents. The diastereomers formed (amides, urethanes, urea and thiourea derivatives, etc.) can be separated on achiral stationary phases. The applications are considered, and in some cases different derivatizing agents for the resolution of complex mixtures of proteinogenic d,l-amino acids, non-proteinogenic amino acids and peptides/amino acids from peptide syntheses or microorganisms are compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Yu J, Zuo L, Liu H, Zhang L, Guo X. Synthesis and application of a chiral ionic liquid functionalizedβ-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1027-33. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjiao Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Müllerová L, Dubský P, Svobodová J, Gaš B. Determination of effective mobilities of EOF markers in BGE containing sulfated β-cyclodextrin by a two-detector method. Electrophoresis 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müllerová
- Faculty of Science; Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dubský
- Faculty of Science; Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Jana Svobodová
- Faculty of Science; Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Gaš
- Faculty of Science; Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Prague; Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Hancu G, Simon B, Rusu A, Mircia E, Gyéresi Á. Principles of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography applied in pharmaceutical analysis. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:1-8. [PMID: 24312804 PMCID: PMC3846027 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction capillary electrophoresis has shown great potential in areas where electrophoretic techniques have rarely been used before, including here the analysis of pharmaceutical substances. The large majority of pharmaceutical substances are neutral from electrophoretic point of view, consequently separations by the classic capillary zone electrophoresis; where separation is based on the differences between the own electrophoretic mobilities of the analytes; are hard to achieve. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, a hybrid method that combines chromatographic and electrophoretic separation principles, extends the applicability of capillary electrophoretic methods to neutral analytes. In micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, surfactants are added to the buffer solution in concentration above their critical micellar concentrations, consequently micelles are formed; micelles that undergo electrophoretic migration like any other charged particle. The separation is based on the differential partitioning of an analyte between the two-phase system: the mobile aqueous phase and micellar pseudostationary phase. The present paper aims to summarize the basic aspects regarding separation principles and practical applications of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, with particular attention to those relevant in pharmaceutical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Brigitta Simon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Aura Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Eleonora Mircia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Árpád Gyéresi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Zhang H, Qi L, Mu X, Zhou X, Li D, Mao L. Influence of ionic liquids as electrolyte additives on chiral separation of dansylated amino acids by using Zn(II) complex mediated chiral ligand exchange CE. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:886-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; P. R. China
| | | | - Xiaoping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; Shantou University; Guangdong; P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemistry; Shantou University; Guangdong; P. R. China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
On-line enantioseparation of chlorpheniramine using β-cyclodextrin and carbon nanotubes after multivariate optimization. Talanta 2013; 105:167-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
87
|
Zuo L, Meng H, Wu J, Jiang Z, Xu S, Guo X. Combined use of ionic liquid and β-CD for enantioseparation of 12 pharmaceuticals using CE. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:517-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Heng Meng
- Research Institute of China Resources Double-Crane Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Chaoyang District Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Shuying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Wistuba D, Schurig V. Cyclodextrin-mediated enantioseparations by capillary electrochromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 970:505-523. [PMID: 23283799 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized cyclodextrin derivatives are used as chiral selectors in various modes of capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The present chapter describes three techniques in detail utilizing CDs in CEC: (1) open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (o-CEC), (2) packed capillary electrochromatography (p-CEC), and (3) monolithic capillary electrochromatography (rod-CEC). Nanoparticle pseudostationary phase capillary electrochromatography (psp-CEC) is briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Wistuba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Servais AC, Fillet M. Application of dual cyclodextrin systems in capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 970:289-295. [PMID: 23283785 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The enantioseparation of acidic and neutral compounds can be successfully achieved in capillary electrophoresis (CE) using dual cyclodextrin (CD) systems. This chapter describes how to separate the enantiomers of acidic or neutral substances using dual CD systems made up of a negatively charged CD derivative, i.e., sulfobutyl-β-CD (SB-β-CD) or carboxymethyl-β-CD (CM-β-CD), in combination with a neutral one, namely, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-CD (TM-β-CD). An acidic compound (carprofen) and a weakly acidic drug (pentobarbital) were selected as model compounds.
Collapse
|
90
|
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has matured to one of the major liquid phase enantiodifferentiation techniques since the first report in 1985. This can be primarily attributed to the flexibility as well as the various modes available including electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC). In contrast to chromatographic techniques, the chiral selector is mobile in the background electrolyte. Furthermore, a large variety of chiral selectors are available that can be easily combined in the same separation system. In addition, the migration order of the enantiomers can be adjusted by a number of approaches. In CE enantiodifferentiations the separation principle is comparable to chromatography while the principle of the movement of the analytes in the capillary is based on electrophoretic phenomena. The present chapter will focus on mechanistic aspects of CE enantioseparations including enantiomer migration order and the current understanding of selector-selectand structures. Selected examples of the basic enantioseparation modes EKC, MEKC, and MEEKC will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Drăghici C, Chirila E, Sica M. Enantioselectivity of Chiral Pesticides in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF OBSOLETE PESTICIDES IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6461-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
92
|
Scriba GKE, Jáč P. Enantioseparations by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 970:271-287. [PMID: 23283784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to their commercial availability, cyclodextrins are the most frequently used chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis as documented by the numerous publications in the field. A variety of migration modes can be realized depending on the characteristics of the cyclodextrins and the analytes. The basic considerations regarding the development of a chiral CE method employing cyclodextrins as chiral selectors are briefly discussed. The presented examples illustrate the separation modes of an acidic and a basic analyte with native and charged cyclodextrin derivatives as a function of the pH of the background electrolyte and the cyclodextrin concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Hu SQ, Lü WJ, Ma YH, Hu Q, Dong LJ, Chen XG. Chiral separation of β-blockers by MEEKC using neutral microemulsion: Analysis of separation mechanism and further elucidation of resolution equation. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:260-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xing-Guo Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou; P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Jáč P, Scriba GKE. Recent advances in electrodriven enantioseparations. J Sep Sci 2012; 36:52-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Jáč
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Friedrich Schiller University; Jena; Germany
| | - Gerhard K. E. Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Friedrich Schiller University; Jena; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Duan J, He M, Hu B. Chiral speciation and determination of selenomethionine enantiomers in selenized yeast by ligand-exchange micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography after solid phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1268:173-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
96
|
Liang RP, Liu CM, Meng XY, Wang JW, Qiu JD. A novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatography using β-cyclodextrin functionalized graphene oxide-magnetic nanocomposites as tunable stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1266:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
97
|
Zhang H, Qi L, Mao L, Chen Y. Chiral separation using capillary electromigration techniques based on ligand exchange principle. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1236-48. [PMID: 22733505 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, researchers have developed diverse chiral separation methods emerged from a few chiral separation principles. This review article is primarily focused on the application of chiral ligand-exchange (CLE) principle in capillary electromigration techniques, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). First, the most commonly used CLE-CZE separation mode by using different kinds of central ions, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), borate ion, and other metal ions, has been introduced. Meanwhile, several kinds of surfactants have been applied as the micelle-forming agents in the CLE micellar electrokinetic chromatography mode. The highlight of recent research of CLE-CEC is the exploitation of novel columns for chiral separation. Then, two kinds of capillary columns, packed capillary and monolithic capillary column, have been briefly described. Finally, the effective application of these chiral separation methods has been presented, including the application in life science and food analysis area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Kodama S, Yamamoto A, Aizawa SI, Honda Y, Suzuki K, Kemmei T, Taga A. Enantioseparation of α-hydroxy acids by chiral ligand exchange CE with a dual central metal ion system. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2920-4. [PMID: 22930546 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using two kinds of central metal ions in a background electrolyte, ligand exchange CE was investigated for the simultaneous enantioseparation of dl-malic, dl-tartaric, and dl-isocitric acids. Ligand exchange CE with 100 mM d-quinic acid as a chiral selector ligand and 10 mM Cu(II) ion as a central metal ion could enantioseparate dl-tartaric acid but not dl-malic acid or dl-isocitric acid. A dual central metal ion system containing 0.5 mM Al(III) ion in addition to 10 mM Cu(II) ion in the background electrolyte enabled the simultaneous enantioseparation of the three α-hydroxy acids. These results suggest that the use of a dual central metal ion system can be useful for enantioseparation by ligand exchange CE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kodama
- Toyama Institute of Health, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Contino A, Maccarrone G, Remelli M. Exploiting thermodynamic data to optimize the enantioseparation of underivatized amino acids in ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:951-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
100
|
Jones CJ, Larive CK. Microcoil NMR Study of the Interactions between Doxepin, β-Cyclodextrin, and Acetate during Capillary Isotachophoresis. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7099-106. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301401p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521,
United States
| | - Cynthia K. Larive
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521,
United States
| |
Collapse
|