Analysis of insecticides in honey by liquid chromatography–ion trap-mass spectrometry: Comparison of different extraction procedures

Simultaneous determination of parathion, malathion, diazinon, and pirimiphos methyl in dried medicinal plants using solid-phase microextraction fibre coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes

A reliable and sensitive headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of different organophosphorus pesticides in dried medicinal plant samples is described. The analytes were extracted by single-walled carbon nanotubes as a new solid-phase microextraction adsorbent. The developed method showed good performance. For diazinon and pirimiphos methyl calibration, curves were linear (r² ≥ 0.993) over the concentration ranges from 1.5 to 300 ng g⁻¹, and the limit of detection at signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 0.3 ng g⁻¹. For parathion and malathion, the linear range and limit of detection were 2.5–300 (r² ≥ 0.991) and 0.5 ng g⁻¹, respectively. In addition, a comparative study between the single-walled carbon nanotubes and a commercial polydimethylsiloxane fibre for the determination of target analytes was carried out. Single-walled carbon nanotubes fibre showed higher extraction capacity, better thermal stability (over 350°C), and longer lifespan (over 250 times) than the commercial polydimethylsiloxane fibre. The developed method was successfully applied to determine target organophosphorus pesticides in real samples.