51
|
Antle P, Zeigler C, Robbat A. Retention behavior of alkylated polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles on immobilized ionic liquid stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1361:255-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
52
|
D’Archivio AA, Maggi MA, Ruggieri F. Cross-column prediction of gas-chromatographic retention indices of saturated esters. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:269-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
53
|
Gas chromatography on wall-coated open-tubular columns with ionic liquid stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1357:87-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
54
|
Srigley CT, Rader JI. Content and composition of fatty acids in marine oil omega-3 supplements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7268-7278. [PMID: 25003526 DOI: 10.1021/jf5016973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine oil omega-3 supplements are among the most frequently consumed dietary supplements in the United States. However, few studies have evaluated the overall fatty acid composition of these products. We investigated the content and composition of fatty acids in 46 commercially available marine oil omega-3 supplements by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection using the 200 m SLB-IL111 ionic liquid column. Seventy-three fatty acid isomers were quantified, including n-6, n-4, n-3, and n-1 polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans isomers of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3), the chromatographic separations of which we report for the first time on the 200 m SLB-IL111 column. Contents of EPA and DHA met their respective label declarations in more than 80% of the products examined. Eleven of the products (24%) carried the Food and Drug Administration's qualified health claim for EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Tyburczy Srigley
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration , 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Lin CC, Wasta Z, Mjøs SA. Evaluation of the retention pattern on ionic liquid columns for gas chromatographic analyses of fatty acid methyl esters. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1350:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
56
|
Dettmer K. Assessment of ionic liquid stationary phases for the GC analysis of fatty acid methyl esters. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4931-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
57
|
González Paredes RM, García Pinto C, Pérez Pavón JL, Moreno Cordero B. Ionic liquids as stationary phases in gas chromatography: determination of chlorobenzenes in soils. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1448-55. [PMID: 24723298 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present research focuses on the evaluation of different ionic liquid (IL) stationary phases in gas chromatography. The different IL columns were evaluated in terms of peak resolution (Rs) and peak symmetry for the separation of the chlorobenzenes. The determination of chlorobenzenes in soil samples by means of the optimal IL stationary phase (SLB-IL82) is proposed as an application. Soil pretreatment was based on a simplified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction procedure and a large injection volume via a programed temperature vaporizer working in solvent vent mode. The retention time of the chlorobenzenes increased as the polarity of the IL column decreased. SLB-IL82 is the stationary phase that provides the best values as regards Rs and asymmetry factor. Soil sample blanks were spiked with the analytes before subjecting the sample to the extraction process. The existence of a matrix effect was checked and the analytical characteristics of the method were determined in a fortified garden soil sample. The method provided good linearity, good repeatability and reproducibility values, and the LODs were in the 0.1-4.7 μg/kg range. Two fortified soil samples were applied to validate the proposed methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María González Paredes
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Kulsing C, Nolvachai Y, Zeng AX, Chin ST, Mitrevski B, Marriott PJ. From Molecular Structures of Ionic Liquids to Predicted Retention of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
59
|
Hantao LW, Najafi A, Zhang C, Augusto F, Anderson JL. Tuning the Selectivity of Ionic Liquid Stationary Phases for Enhanced Separation of Nonpolar Analytes in Kerosene Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3717-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5004129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro W. Hantao
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Ali Najafi
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Fabio Augusto
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Jared L. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
- School
of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Li X, Zhou Z. Enantioseparation performance of novel benzimido-β-cyclodextrins derivatized by ionic liquids as chiral stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 819:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
61
|
Chin ST, Nolvachai Y, Marriott PJ. Enantiomeric separation in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with accurate mass analysis. Chirality 2014; 26:747-53. [PMID: 24420979 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (eGC×GC) coupled to quadrupole-accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOFMS) was evaluated for its capability to report the chiral composition of several monoterpenes, namely, α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene in cardamom oil. Enantiomers in a standard mixture were fully resolved by direct enantiomeric-GC analysis with a 2,3-di-O-methyl-6-t-butylsilyl derivatized β-cyclodextrin phase; however, the (+)-(R)-limonene enantiomer in cardamom oil was overlapped with other background components including cymene and cineole. Verification of (+)-(R)-limonene components based on characteristic ions at m/z 136, 121, and 107 acquired by chiral single-dimension GC-QTOFMS in the alternate MS/MSMS mode of operation was unsuccessful due to similar parent/daughter ions generated by interfering or co-eluting cymene and cineole. Column phases SUPELCOWAX, SLB-IL111, HP-88, and SLB-IL59, were incorporated as the second dimension column ((2)D) in chiral GC×GC analysis; the SLB-IL59 offered the best resolution for the tested monoterpene enantiomers from the matrix background. Enantiomeric ratios for α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene were determined to be 1.325, 2.703, and 1.040, respectively, in the cardamom oil sample based on relative peak area data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Tong Chin
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Ziyaei Halimehjani A, Shakourian-Fard M, Farvardin MV, Raeesi M, Hashemi MM, Behzadi H. Design and synthesis of new family of ionic liquids based on 2-iminium-1,3-dithiolanes: A combined theoretical and experimental effort. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
63
|
Santana J, Giraudi C, Marengo E, Robotti E, Pires S, Nunes I, Gaspar EM. Preliminary toxicological assessment of phthalate esters from drinking water consumed in Portugal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1380-1390. [PMID: 23900955 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports, for the first time, the concentrations of selected phthalates in drinking water consumed in Portugal. The use of bottled water in Portugal has increased in recent years. The main material for bottles is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Its plasticizer components can contaminate water by leaching, and several scientific studies have evidenced potential health risks of phthalates to humans of all ages. With water being one of the most essential elements to human health and because it is consumed by ingestion, the evaluation of drinking water quality, with respect to phthalate contents, is important. This study tested seven commercial brands of bottled water consumed in Portugal, six PET and one glass (the most consumed) bottled water. Furthermore, tap water from Lisbon and three small neighbor cities was analyzed. Phthalates (di-n-butyl phthalate ester (DnBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ester (DEHP), and di-i-butyl phthalate ester (DIBP)) in water samples were quantified (PET and glass) by means of direct immersion solid-phase microextraction and ionic liquid gas chromatography associated with flame ionization detection or mass spectrometry due to their high boiling points and water solubility. The method utilized in this study showed a linear range for target phthalates between 0.02 and 6.5 μg L(-1), good precision and low limits of detection that were between 0.01 and 0.06 μg L(-1), and quantitation between 0.04 and 0.19 μg L(-1). Only three phthalates were detected in Portuguese drinking waters: dibutyl (DnBP), diisobutyl (DIBP), and di(ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Concentrations ranged between 0.06 and 6.5 μg L(-1) for DnBP, between 0.02 and 0.16 μg L(-1) for DEHP, and between 0.1 and 1.89 μg L(-1) for DIBP. The concentration of DEHP was found to be up to five times higher in PET than in glass bottled water. Surprisingly, all the three phthalates were detected in glass bottled water with the amount of DnBP being higher (6.5 μg L(-1)) than in PET bottled water. These concentrations do not represent direct risk to human health. Regarding potable tap water, only DIBP and DEHP were detected. Two of the cities showed concentration of all three phthalates in their water below the limits of detection of the method. All the samples showed phthalate concentrations below 6 μg L(-1), the maximum admissible concentration in water established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The concentrations measured in Portuguese bottled waters do not represent any risk for adult's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Santana
- Departamento de Química, CQFB-Requimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, Caparica, 2825-114, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Ho TD, Zhang C, Hantao LW, Anderson JL. Ionic liquids in analytical chemistry: fundamentals, advances, and perspectives. Anal Chem 2013; 86:262-85. [PMID: 24205989 DOI: 10.1021/ac4035554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tien D Ho
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Dithienyl benzothiadiazole derivatives: A new type of stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1321:109-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
66
|
Zeng AX, Chin ST, Nolvachai Y, Kulsing C, Sidisky LM, Marriott PJ. Characterisation of capillary ionic liquid columns for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of fatty acid methyl esters. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 803:166-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
67
|
Costa N, Matos S, Gomes da Silva MDR, Pereira MMA. Cyclodextrin-Based Ionic Liquids as Enantioselective Stationary Phases in Gas Chromatography. Chempluschem 2013; 78:1466-1474. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
68
|
Nosheen A, Mitrevski B, Bano A, Marriott PJ. Fast comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography method for fatty acid methyl ester separation and quantification using dual ionic liquid columns. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1312:118-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
69
|
Determination of trans fat in edible oils: current official methods and overview of recent developments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:5759-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
70
|
Bioanalytical separation and preconcentration using ionic liquids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7597-613. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
71
|
Zeng AX, Chin ST, Marriott PJ. Integrated multidimensional and comprehensive 2D GC analysis of fatty acid methyl esters. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:878-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Xu Zeng
- Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton; Australia
| | - Sung-Tong Chin
- Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton; Australia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton; Australia
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Delmonte P, Fardin-Kia AR, Rader JI. Separation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by GC-Online Hydrogenation × GC. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1517-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302707z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Delmonte
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety
and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Ali Reza Fardin-Kia
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety
and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Jeanne I. Rader
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety
and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Seeley JV, Seeley SK. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography: Fundamental Advances and New Applications. Anal Chem 2012; 85:557-78. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303195u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John V. Seeley
- Oakland University, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, Michigan, 48309
| | - Stacy K. Seeley
- Kettering University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1700 University Avenue,
Flint, Michigan, 48504
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Ionic liquids as novel stationary phases in gas liquid chromatography: Inverse or normal isotope effect? J Chromatogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
75
|
Cagliero C, Bicchi C, Cordero C, Liberto E, Sgorbini B, Rubiolo P. Room temperature ionic liquids: New GC stationary phases with a novel selectivity for flavor and fragrance analyses. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1268:130-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|