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Noda Y, Zomorrodi R, Backhouse F, Cash RFH, Barr MS, Rajji TK, Chen R, Daskalakis ZJ, Blumberger DM. Reduced Prefrontal Short-Latency Afferent Inhibition in Older Adults and Its Relation to Executive Function: A TMS-EEG Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:119. [PMID: 28512429 PMCID: PMC5411436 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (EEG) allows for the assessment of various neurophysiological processes in the human cortex. One of these paradigms, short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), is thought to be a sensitive measure of cholinergic activity. In a previous study, we demonstrated the temporal pattern of this paradigm from both the motor (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using simultaneous TMS-EEG recording. The SAI paradigm led to marked modulations at N100. In this study, we aimed to investigate the age-related effects on TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) with the SAI from M1 and the DLPFC in younger (18-59 years old) and older (≥60 years old) participants. Older participants showed significantly lower N100 modulation in M1-SAI as well as DLPFC-SAI compared to the younger participants. Furthermore, the modulation of N100 by DLPFC-SAI in the older participants correlated with executive function as measured with the Trail making test. This paradigm has the potential to non-invasively identify cholinergic changes in cortical regions related to cognition in older participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Noda
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Zomorrodi
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Felicity Backhouse
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robin F H Cash
- Division of Neurology, Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.,Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The AlfredMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mera S Barr
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Chen
- Division of Neurology, Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada
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52
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Pellicciari MC, Veniero D, Miniussi C. Characterizing the Cortical Oscillatory Response to TMS Pulse. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:38. [PMID: 28289376 PMCID: PMC5326778 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Domenica Veniero
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio FatebenefratelliBrescia, Italy
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of TrentoRovereto, Italy
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53
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Determining the Optimal Number of Stimuli per Cranial Site during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Mapping. NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL 2017; 2017:6328569. [PMID: 28331848 PMCID: PMC5346381 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6328569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of five stimuli to each cranial site is recommended during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mapping. However, this time-consuming practice restricts the use of TMS mapping beyond the research environment. While reducing the number of stimuli administered to each cranial site may improve efficiency and decrease physiological demand, doing so may also compromise the procedure's validity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the minimum number of stimuli per cranial site required to obtain valid outcomes during TMS mapping. Map volume and centre of gravity (CoG) recordings obtained using five stimuli per cranial site were retrospectively compared to those obtained using one, two, three, and four stimuli per cranial site. For CoG longitude, one stimulus per cranial site produced valid recordings (ICC = 0.91, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.95). However, this outcome is rarely explored in isolation. As two stimuli per cranial site were required to obtain valid CoG latitude (ICC = 0.99, 95% CI 0.99 to 0.99) and map volume (ICC = 0.99, 95% CI 0.99 to 0.99) recordings, it is recommended that a minimum of two stimuli be delivered to each cranial site during TMS mapping in order to obtain valid outcomes.
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54
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Neuromodulatory effects of offline low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36058. [PMID: 27786301 PMCID: PMC5081540 DOI: 10.1038/srep36058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) can modulate cortical excitability and is thought to influence activity in other brain areas. In this study, we investigated the anatomical and functional effects of rTMS of M1 and the time course of after-effects from a 1-Hz subthreshold rTMS to M1. Using an “offline” functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-rTMS paradigm, neural activation was mapped during simple finger movements after 1-Hz rTMS over the left M1 in a within-subjects repeated measurement design, including rTMS and sham stimulation. A significant decrease in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal due to right hand motor activity during a simple finger-tapping task was observed in areas remote to the stimulated motor cortex after rTMS stimulation. This decrease in BOLD signal suggests that low frequency subthreshold rTMS may be sufficiently strong to elicit inhibitory modulation of remote brain regions. In addition, the time course patterns of BOLD activity showed this inhibitory modulation was maximal approximately 20 minutes after rTMS stimulation.
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55
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Iscan Z, Nazarova M, Fedele T, Blagovechtchenski E, Nikulin VV. Pre-stimulus Alpha Oscillations and Inter-subject Variability of Motor Evoked Potentials in Single- and Paired-Pulse TMS Paradigms. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:504. [PMID: 27774060 PMCID: PMC5054042 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter- and intra-subject variability of the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to TMS is a well-known phenomenon. Although a possible link between this variability and ongoing brain oscillations was demonstrated, the results of the studies are not consistent with each other. Exploring this topic further is important since the modulation of MEPs provides unique possibility to relate oscillatory cortical phenomena to the state of the motor cortex probed with TMS. Given that alpha oscillations were shown to reflect cortical excitability, we hypothesized that their power and variability might explain the modulation of subject-specific MEPs to single- and paired-pulse TMS (spTMS, ppTMS, respectively). Neuronal activity was recorded with multichannel electroencephalogram. We used spTMS and two ppTMS conditions: intracortical facilitation (ICF) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). Spearman correlations were calculated within and across subjects between MEPs and the pre-stimulus power of alpha oscillations in low (8-10 Hz) and high (10-12 Hz) frequency bands. Coefficient of quartile variation was used to measure variability. Across-subject analysis revealed no difference in the pre-stimulus alpha power among the TMS conditions. However, the variability of high-alpha power in spTMS condition was larger than in the SICI condition. In ICF condition pre-stimulus high-alpha power variability correlated positively with MEP amplitude variability. No correlation has been observed between the pre-stimulus alpha power and MEP responses in any of the conditions. Our results show that the variability of the alpha oscillations can be more predictive of TMS effects than the commonly used power of oscillations and we provide further support for the dissociation of high and low-alpha bands in predicting responses produced by the stimulation of the motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Iscan
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Nazarova
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscow, Russia; Research Center of NeurologyMoscow, Russia
| | - Tommaso Fedele
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscow, Russia; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Zurich, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Evgeny Blagovechtchenski
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscow, Russia; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State UniversitySaint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vadim V Nikulin
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscow, Russia; Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine BerlinBerlin, Germany
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56
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Nuzum ND, Hendy AM, Russell AP, Teo WP. Measures to Predict The Individual Variability of Corticospinal Responses Following Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:487. [PMID: 27766075 PMCID: PMC5052268 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual responses to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are varied and therefore potentially limit its application. There is evidence that this variability is related to the contributions of Indirect waves (I-waves) recruited in the cortex. The latency of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) can be measured through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), allowing an individual's responsiveness to tDCS to be determined. However, this single-pulse method requires several different orientations of the TMS coil, potentially affecting its reliability. Instead, we propose a paired-pulse TMS paradigm targeting I-waves as an alternative method. This method uses one orientation that reduces inter- and intra-trial variability. It was hypothesized that the paired-pulse method would correlate more highly to tDCS responses than the single-pulse method. In a randomized, double blinded, cross-over design, 30 healthy participants completed two sessions, receiving 20 min of either anodal (2 mA) or sham tDCS. TMS was used to quantify Short interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) at Inter stimulus intervals (ISIs) of 1.5, 3.5 and 4.5 ms. Latency was determined in the posterior-anterior (PA), anterior-posterior (AP) and latero-medial (LM) coil orientations. The relationship between latency, SICF measures and the change in suprathreshold MEP amplitude size following tDCS were determined with Pearson's correlations. TMS measures, SICI and SICF were also used to determine responses to Anodal-tDCS (a-tDCS). Neither of the latency differences nor the SICF measures correlated to the change in MEP amplitude from pre-post tDCS (all P > 0.05). Overall, there was no significant response to tDCS in this cohort. This study highlights the need for testing the effects of various tDCS protocols on the different I-waves. Further research into SICF and whether it is a viable measure of I-wave facilitation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Nuzum
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashlee M Hendy
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei-Peng Teo
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
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57
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Fedele T, Blagovechtchenski E, Nazarova M, Iscan Z, Moiseeva V, Nikulin VV. Long-Range Temporal Correlations in the amplitude of alpha oscillations predict and reflect strength of intracortical facilitation: Combined TMS and EEG study. Neuroscience 2016; 331:109-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Guerra A, Pogosyan A, Nowak M, Tan H, Ferreri F, Di Lazzaro V, Brown P. Phase Dependency of the Human Primary Motor Cortex and Cholinergic Inhibition Cancelation During Beta tACS. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:3977-90. [PMID: 27522077 PMCID: PMC5028010 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human motor cortex has a tendency to resonant activity at about 20 Hz so stimulation should more readily entrain neuronal populations at this frequency. We investigated whether and how different interneuronal circuits contribute to such resonance by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at motor (20 Hz) and a nonmotor resonance frequency (7 Hz). We tested different TMS interneuronal protocols and triggered TMS pulses at different tACS phases. The effect of cholinergic short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) was abolished by 20 Hz tACS, linking cortical beta activity to sensorimotor integration. However, this effect occurred regardless of the tACS phase. In contrast, 20 Hz tACS selectively modulated MEP size according to the phase of tACS during single pulse, GABAAergic short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and glutamatergic intracortical facilitation (ICF). For SICI this phase effect was more marked during 20 Hz stimulation. Phase modulation of SICI also depended on whether or not spontaneous beta activity occurred at ~20 Hz, supporting an interaction effect between tACS and underlying circuit resonances. The present study provides in vivo evidence linking cortical beta activity to sensorimotor integration, and for beta oscillations in motor cortex being promoted by resonance in GABAAergic interneuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guerra
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alek Pogosyan
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Magdalena Nowak
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Huiling Tan
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Florinda Ferreri
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FIN-70100, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Brown
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Paired-Pulse Parietal-Motor Stimulation Differentially Modulates Corticospinal Excitability across Hemispheres When Combined with Prism Adaptation. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:5716179. [PMID: 27418979 PMCID: PMC4933861 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5716179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rightward prism adaptation ameliorates neglect symptoms while leftward prism adaptation (LPA) induces neglect-like biases in healthy individuals. Similarly, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) induces neglect-like behavior, whereas on the left PPC it ameliorates neglect symptoms and normalizes hyperexcitability of left hemisphere parietal-motor (PPC-M1) connectivity. Based on this analogy we hypothesized that LPA increases PPC-M1 excitability in the left hemisphere and decreases it in the right one. In an attempt to shed some light on the mechanisms underlying LPA's effects on cognition, we investigated this hypothesis in healthy individuals measuring PPC-M1 excitability with dual-site paired-pulse TMS (ppTMS). We found a left hemisphere increase and a right hemisphere decrease in the amplitude of motor evoked potentials elicited by paired as well as single pulses on M1. While this could indicate that LPA biases interhemispheric connectivity, it contradicts previous evidence that M1-only MEPs are unchanged after LPA. A control experiment showed that input-output curves were not affected by LPA per se. We conclude that LPA combined with ppTMS on PPC-M1 differentially alters the excitability of the left and right M1.
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60
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Monitoring transcranial direct current stimulation induced changes in cortical excitability during the serial reaction time task. Neurosci Lett 2016; 616:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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