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Coëffier M, Déchelotte P, Ducrotté P. Intestinal permeability in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: is there a place for glutamine supplementation? Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1079-80. [PMID: 25824359 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moïse Coëffier
- INSERM Unit 1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | | | - Philippe Ducrotté
- Gastroenterology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Antunes MM, Leocádio PCL, Teixeira LG, Leonel AJ, Cara DC, Menezes GB, Generoso SDV, Cardoso VN, Alvarez-Leite JI, Correia MITD. Pretreatment With L-Citrulline Positively Affects the Mucosal Architecture and Permeability of the Small Intestine in a Murine Mucositis Model. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2015; 40:279-86. [PMID: 25573703 DOI: 10.1177/0148607114567508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucositis is a common complication in patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is associated with pain, poor quality of life, and malnutrition, leading to an increased number of hospital admissions and prolonged hospitalization. The use of immunonutrients may be an alternative treatment option, which may help to improve patient outcome. OBJECTIVE Here we assessed the impact of L-citrulline (CIT) on a murine model of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-induced mucositis. METHODS Swiss male mice were randomized into 4 groups: control, CIT, 5FU, and 5FU+CIT. Mice were fed with commercial chow and supplemented with an oral solution of alanine (control and 5FU groups) or CIT (CIT and 5FU+CIT groups). On the seventh day, mice received intraperitoneal phosphate-buffered saline or 5FU (200 mg/kg, single dose) to induce mucositis. On the 10th day, mice were euthanized, and the blood and small intestines were harvested. Body weight, morphology, histopathology score (hematoxylin and eosin) of the small intestine (from 0-12), myeloperoxidase activity, oxidative stress level, and intestinal permeability were assessed. RESULTS We observed significant weight loss after the administration of 5FU in both treated and control animals. CIT administration contributed to a partial recovery of the mucosal architecture as well as an intermediate reduction of the histopathologic score, and functional intestinal permeability was partially rescued. CONCLUSIONS CIT administration attenuated 5FU-mediated damage to the mucosal architecture of the small intestine, decreasing the size of the injured areas and promoting decreased intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maísa Mota Antunes
- Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio
- Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Lílian Gonçalves Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Setor de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras-MG, Brazil
| | - Alda Jusceline Leonel
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Denise Carmona Cara
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Batista Menezes
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | | | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
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Lin M, Zhang B, Yu C, Li J, Zhang L, Sun H, Gao F, Zhou G. L-Glutamate supplementation improves small intestinal architecture and enhances the expressions of jejunal mucosa amino acid receptors and transporters in weaning piglets. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111950. [PMID: 25368996 PMCID: PMC4219819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Glutamate is a major oxidative fuel for the small intestine. However, few studies have demonstrated the effect of L-glutamate on the intestinal architecture and signaling of amino acids in the small intestine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary L-glutamate supplementation on the intestinal architecture and expressions of jejunal mucosa amino acid receptors and transporters in weaning piglets. A total of 120 weaning piglets aged 35 ± 1 days with an average body weight at 8.91 ± 0.45 kg were randomly allocated to two treatments with six replicates of ten piglets each, fed with diets containing 1.21% alanine, or 2% L-glutamate. L-Glutamate supplementation increased the activity of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in the jejunal mucosa. Also, the mRNA expression level of jejunal mucosa glutamine synthetase (GS) was increased by L-glutamate supplementation. The height of villi in duodenal and jejunal segments, and the relative mRNA expression of occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa were increased by dietary L-glutamate supplementation. L-Glutamate supplementation increased plasma concentrations of glutamate, arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine and threonine. L-Glutamate supplementation also increased the relative mRNA expression of the jejunal mucosa Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CaR), metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4), and neutral amino acid transporter B(0)-like (SLC1A5) in the jejunal mucosa. These findings suggest that dietary addition of 2% L-glutamate improves the intestinal integrity and influences the expression of amino acid receptors and transporters in the jejunum of weaning, which is beneficial for the improvement of jejunal nutrients for digestion and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bolin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changning Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Dietary glutamine prevents the loss of intestinal barrier function and attenuates the increase in core body temperature induced by acute heat exposure. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1601-10. [PMID: 25322775 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514002608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dietary glutamine (Gln) supplementation improves intestinal function in several stressful conditions. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of dietary Gln supplementation on the core body temperature (T core), bacterial translocation (BT) and intestinal permeability of mice subjected to acute heat stress were evaluated. Male Swiss mice (4 weeks old) were implanted with an abdominal temperature sensor and randomly assigned to one of the following groups fed isoenergetic and isoproteic diets for 7 d before the experimental trials: group fed the standard AIN-93G diet and exposed to a high ambient temperature (39°C) for 2 h (H-NS); group fed the AIN-93G diet supplemented with l-Gln and exposed to a high temperature (H-Gln); group fed the standard AIN-93G diet and not exposed to a high temperature (control, C-NS). Mice were orally administered diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid radiolabelled with technetium (99mTc) for the assessment of intestinal permeability or 99mTc-Escherichia coli for the assessment of BT. Heat exposure increased T core (approximately 41°C during the experimental trial), intestinal permeability and BT to the blood and liver (3 h after the experimental trial) in mice from the H-NS group relative to those from the C-NS group. Dietary Gln supplementation attenuated hyperthermia and prevented the increases in intestinal permeability and BT induced by heat exposure. No correlations were observed between the improvements in gastrointestinal function and the attenuation of hyperthermia by Gln. Our findings indicate that dietary Gln supplementation preserved the integrity of the intestinal barrier and reduced the severity of hyperthermia during heat exposure. The findings also indicate that these Gln-mediated effects occurred through independent mechanisms.
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Changes of the colonic physiologic functions after colonic anastomosis with a degradable stent in a porcine model. Chin Med J (Engl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-201409200-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Wu M, Xiao H, Ren W, Yin J, Tan B, Liu G, Li L, Nyachoti CM, Xiong X, Wu G. Therapeutic effects of glutamic acid in piglets challenged with deoxynivalenol. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100591. [PMID: 24984001 PMCID: PMC4077692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most common food contaminants, primarily targets the gastrointestinal tract to affect animal and human health. This study was conducted to examine the protective function of glutamic acid on intestinal injury and oxidative stress caused by DON in piglets. Twenty-eight piglets were assigned randomly into 4 dietary treatments (7 pigs/treatment): 1) uncontaminated control diet (NC), 2) NC+DON at 4 mg/kg (DON), 3) NC+2% glutamic acid (GLU), and 4) NC+2% glutamic acid + DON at 4 mg/kg (DG). At day 15, 30 and 37, blood samples were collected to determine serum concentrations of CAT (catalase), T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity), H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), NO (nitric oxide), MDA (maleic dialdehyde), DAO (diamine oxidase) and D-lactate. Intestinal morphology, and the activation of Akt/mTOR/4EBP1 signal pathway, as well as the concentrations of H2O2, MDA, and DAO in kidney, liver and small intestine, were analyzed at day 37. Results showed that DON significantly (P<0.05) induced oxidative stress in piglets, while this stress was remarkably reduced with glutamic acid supplementation according to the change of oxidative parameters in blood and tissues. Meanwhile, DON caused obvious intestinal injury from microscopic observations and permeability indicators, which was alleviated by glutamic acid supplementation. Moreover, the inhibition of DON on Akt/mTOR/4EBP1 signal pathway was reduced by glutamic acid supplementation. Collectively, these data suggest that glutamic acid may be a useful nutritional regulator for DON-induced damage manifested as oxidative stress, intestinal injury and signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Scienses, Changsha, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Scienses, Changsha, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Scienses, Changsha, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Scienses, Changsha, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Scienses, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Scienses, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lili Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Scienses, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Xia Xiong
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Scienses, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Scienses, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United State of America
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Sukhotnik I, Pollak Y, Coran AG, Pilatov J, Bejar J, Mogilner JG, Berkowitz D. Glutamine attenuates the inhibitory effect of methotrexate on TLR signaling during intestinal chemotherapy-induced mucositis in a rat. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:17. [PMID: 24742067 PMCID: PMC4005622 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is crucial in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis, participates in a vigorous signaling process and heightens inflammatory cytokine output. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of glutamine (GLN) on TLR-4 signaling in intestinal mucosa during methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis in a rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups of 8 rats each: 1) control rats; 2) CONTR-GLN animals were treated with oral glutamine given in drinking water (2%) 48 hours before and 72 hours following vehicle injection; 3) MTX-rats were treated with a single IP injection of MTX (20 mg/kg); and 4) MTX-GLN rats were pre-treated with oral glutamine similar to group B, 48 hours before and 72 hours after MTX injection. Intestinal mucosal damage, mucosal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation and enterocyte apoptosis were determined 72 hours following MTX injection. The expression of TLR-4, MyD88 and TRAF6 in the intestinal mucosa was determined using real time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. MTX-GLN rats demonstrated a greater jejunal and ileal mucosal weight and mucosal DNA, greater villus height in ileum and crypt depth and index of proliferation in jejunum and ileum, compared to MTX animals. The expression of TLR-4 and MyD88 mRNA and protein in the mucosa was significantly lower in MTX rats versus controls animals. The administration of GLN increased significantly the expression of TLR-4 and MyD88 (vs the MTX group). In conclusion, treatment with glutamine was associated with up-regulation of TLR-4 and MyD88 expression and a concomitant decrease in intestinal mucosal injury caused by MTX-induced mucositis in a rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Sukhotnik
- The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Laboratory of intestinal adaptation and recovery, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., P.O.B. 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Yulia Pollak
- The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Laboratory of intestinal adaptation and recovery, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arnold G Coran
- Section of Pediatric Surgery C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Janna Pilatov
- The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Laboratory of intestinal adaptation and recovery, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jacob Bejar
- Pathology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jorge G Mogilner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., P.O.B. 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
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Enteral glutamine infusion modulates ubiquitination of heat shock proteins, Grp-75 and Apg-2, in the human duodenal mucosa. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1059-67. [PMID: 24449167 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the human body, plays several important roles in the intestine. Previous studies showed that glutamine may affect protein expression by regulating ubiquitin-proteasome system. We thus aimed to evaluate the effects of glutamine on ubiquitinated proteins in human duodenal mucosa. Five healthy male volunteers were included and received during 5 h, on two occasions and in a random order, either an enteral infusion of maltodextrins alone (0.25 g kg(-1) h(-1), control), mimicking carbohydrate-fed state, or maltodextrins with glutamine (0.117 g kg(-1) h(-1), glutamine). Endoscopic duodenal biopsies were then taken. Total cellular protein extracts were separated by 2D gel electrophoresis and analyzed by an immunodetection using anti-ubiquitin antibody. Differentially ubiquitinated proteins were then identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization MS/MS. Five proteins were differentially ubiquitinated between control and glutamine conditions. Among these proteins, we identified two chaperone proteins, Grp75 and hsp74. Grp75 was less ubiquitinated after glutamine infusion compared with control. In contrast, hsp74, also called Apg-2, was more ubiquitinated after glutamine. In conclusion, we provide evidence that glutamine may regulate ubiquitination processes of specific proteins, i.e., Grp75 and Apg-2. Grp75 has protective and anti-inflammatory properties, while Apg-2 indirectly regulates stress-induced cell survival and proliferation through interaction with ZO-1. Further studies should confirm these results in stress conditions.
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