51
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Bhattacharyya ND, Feng CG. Regulation of T Helper Cell Fate by TCR Signal Strength. Front Immunol 2020; 11:624. [PMID: 32508803 PMCID: PMC7248325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are critical in orchestrating protective immune responses to cancer and an array of pathogens. The interaction between a peptide MHC (pMHC) complex on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) on T cells initiates T cell activation, division, and clonal expansion in secondary lymphoid organs. T cells must also integrate multiple T cell-intrinsic and extrinsic signals to acquire the effector functions essential for the defense against invading microbes. In the case of T helper cell differentiation, while innate cytokines have been demonstrated to shape effector CD4+ T lymphocyte function, the contribution of TCR signaling strength to T helper cell differentiation is less understood. In this review, we summarize the signaling cascades regulated by the strength of TCR stimulation. Various mechanisms in which TCR signal strength controls T helper cell expansion and differentiation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan D Bhattacharyya
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carl G Feng
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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52
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Wang X, Chai Z, Li Y, Long F, Hao Y, Pan G, Liu M, Li B. Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Melanoma by Weighted Correlation Network Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040435. [PMID: 32316408 PMCID: PMC7230292 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most malignant form of skin cancer, which seriously threatens human life and health. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has shown clinical benefits in improving patients' overall survival, but some melanoma patients failed to respond. Effective therapeutic biomarkers are vital to evaluate and optimize benefits from anti-PD-1 treatment. Although the establishment of immunotherapy biomarkers is well underway, studies that identify predictors by gene network-based approaches are lacking. Here, we retrieved the existing datasets (GSE91061, GSE78220 and GSE93157, 79 samples in total) on anti-PD-1 therapy to explore potential therapeutic biomarkers in melanoma using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), function validation and clinical corroboration. As a result, 13 hub genes as critical nodes were traced from the key module associated with clinical features. After receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve validation by an independent dataset (GSE78220), six hub genes with diagnostic significance were further recovered. Moreover, these six genes were revealed to be closely associated not only with the immune system regulation, immune infiltration, and validated immunotherapy biomarkers, but also with excellent prognostic value and significant expression level in melanoma. The random forest prediction model constructed using these six genes presented a great diagnostic ability for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy response. Taken together, IRF1, JAK2, CD8A, IRF8, STAT5B, and SELL may serve as predictive therapeutic biomarkers for melanoma and could facilitate future anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (F.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Zixuan Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (F.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Yinghong Li
- School of Biological Information, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China;
| | - Fei Long
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (F.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Youjin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China;
| | - Guizhi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (F.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Mingwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (F.L.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (B.L.)
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53
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Nicholson LB, Blyuss KB, Fatehi F. Quantifying the Role of Stochasticity in the Development of Autoimmune Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E860. [PMID: 32252308 PMCID: PMC7226790 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose and analyse a mathematical model for the onset and development of autoimmune disease, with particular attention to stochastic effects in the dynamics. Stability analysis yields parameter regions associated with normal cell homeostasis, or sustained periodic oscillations. Variance of these oscillations and the effects of stochastic amplification are also explored. Theoretical results are complemented by experiments, in which experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) was induced in B10.RIII and C57BL/6 mice. For both cases, we discuss peculiarities of disease development, the levels of variation in T cell populations in a population of genetically identical organisms, as well as a comparison with model outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B. Nicholson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - Farzad Fatehi
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK;
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54
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Individuation and the Organization in Complex Living Ecosystem: Recursive Integration and Self-assertion by Holon-Lymphocytes. Acta Biotheor 2020; 68:171-199. [PMID: 31541308 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-019-09364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Individuation and organization in complex living multi-level ecosystem occurs as dynamical processes from early ontogeny. The notion of living "holon" displaying dynamic self-assertion and integration is used here to explain the ecosystems dynamic processes. The update of the living holon state according to the continuous change of the dynamic system allows for its viability. This is interpreted as adaptation, selection and organization by the human that observes the system a posteriori from its level. Our model concerns the complex dynamics of the adaptive immune system, integrating holon-lymphocytes that collectively preserve the identity and integrity of the organism. Each lymphocyte individualizes as a dynamic holon-lymphocyte, with somatic gene individuation leading to an individual, singular antigen immunoreceptor type, promoting the self-assertion. In turn, the "Immunoception" allows for perception of the environmental antigenic context, thus integration of the holon in its environment. The self-assertion/integration of holon-lymphocyte starts from fetal stages and is influenced by mother Lamarckian acquired historicity transmissions, a requisite for the integrity of the holobiont-organism. We propose a dynamic model of the perception by holon-lymphocyte, and at the supra-clonal level of the immune system functions that sustain the identity and integrity of the holon-holobiont organism.
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55
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Latour S, Fischer A. Signaling pathways involved in the T-cell-mediated immunity against Epstein-Barr virus: Lessons from genetic diseases. Immunol Rev 2020; 291:174-189. [PMID: 31402499 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) provide researchers with unique models to understand in vivo immune responses in general and immunity to infections in particular. In humans, impaired immune control of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with the occurrence of several different immunopathologic conditions; these include non-malignant and malignant B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a severe inflammatory condition, and a chronic acute EBV infection of T cells. Studies of PIDs associated with a predisposition to develop severe, chronic EBV infections have led to the identification of key components of immunity to EBV - notably the central role of T-cell expansion and its regulation in the pathophysiology of EBV-associated diseases. On one hand, the defective expansion of EBV-specific CD8 T cells results from mutations in genes involved in T-cell activation (such as RASGRP1, MAGT1, and ITK), DNA metabolism (CTPS1) or co-stimulatory pathways (CD70, CD27, and TNFSFR9 (also known as CD137/4-1BB)) leads to impaired elimination of proliferating EBV-infected B cells and the occurrence of lymphoma. On the other hand, protracted T-cell expansion and activation after the defective killing of EBV-infected B cells is caused by genetic defects in the components of the lytic granule exocytosis pathway or in the small adapter protein SH2D1A (also known as SAP), a key activator of T- and NK cell-cytotoxicity. In this setting, the persistence of EBV-infected cells results in HLH, a condition characterized by unleashed T-cell and macrophage activation. Moreover, genetic defects causing selective vulnerability to EBV infection have highlighted the role of co-receptor molecules (CD27, CD137, and SLAM-R) selectively involved in immune responses against infected B cells via specific T-B cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Inserm UMR 1163, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, Paris, France.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.,Collège de France, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR 1163, Paris, France
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56
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Tan C, Noviski M, Huizar J, Zikherman J. Self-reactivity on a spectrum: A sliding scale of peripheral B cell tolerance. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:37-60. [PMID: 31631352 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Efficient mechanisms of central tolerance, including receptor editing and deletion, prevent highly self-reactive B cell receptors (BCRs) from populating the periphery. Despite this, modest self-reactivity persists in (and may even be actively selected into) the mature B cell repertoire. In this review, we discuss new insights into mechanisms of peripheral B cell tolerance that restrain mature B cells from mounting inappropriate responses to endogenous antigens, and place recent work into historical context. In particular, we discuss new findings that have arisen from application of a novel in vivo reporter of BCR signaling, Nur77-eGFP, expression of which scales with the degree of self-reactivity in both monoclonal and polyclonal B cell repertoires. We discuss new and historical evidence that self-reactivity is not just tolerated, but actively selected into the peripheral repertoire. We review recent progress in understanding how dual expression of the IgM and IgD BCR isotypes on mature naive follicular B cells tunes responsiveness to endogenous antigen recognition, and discuss how this may be integrated with other features of clonal anergy. Finally, we discuss how expression of Nur77 itself couples chronic antigen stimulation with B cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Tan
- Biomedical Sciences (BMS) Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Noviski
- Biomedical Sciences (BMS) Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Huizar
- School of Medicine, HHMI Medical Fellows Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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57
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Tang TT, Zhu YC, Dong NG, Zhang S, Cai J, Zhang LX, Han Y, Xia N, Nie SF, Zhang M, Lv BJ, Jiao J, Yang XP, Hu Y, Liao YH, Cheng X. Pathologic T-cell response in ischaemic failing hearts elucidated by T-cell receptor sequencing and phenotypic characterization. Eur Heart J 2019; 40:3924-3933. [PMID: 31365073 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
A persistent cardiac T-cell response initiated by myocardial infarction is linked to subsequent adverse ventricular remodelling and progression of heart failure. No data exist on T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire changes in combination with phenotypic characterization of T cells in ischaemic failing human hearts.
Methods and results
Analysis of TCR repertoire with high-throughput sequencing revealed that compared with T cells in control hearts, those in ischaemic failing hearts showed a clonally expanded TCR repertoire but similar usage patterns of TRBV-J rearrangements and V gene segments; compared with T cells in peripheral blood, those in ischaemic failing hearts exhibited a restricted and clonally expanded TCR repertoire and different usage patterns of TRBV-J rearrangements and V gene segments, suggesting the occurrence of tissue-specific T-cell expansion in ischaemic failing hearts. Consistently, TCR clonotype sharing was prominent in ischaemic failing hearts, especially in hearts of patients who shared human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Furthermore, ischaemia heart failure (IHF) heart-associated clonotypes were more frequent in peripheral blood of IHF patients than in that of controls. Heart-infiltrating T cells displayed memory- and effector-like characteristics. Th1 cells were the predominant phenotype among CD4+ T cells; CD8+ T cells were equally as abundant as CD4+ T cells and produced high levels of interferon-γ, granzyme B, and perforin.
Conclusion
We provide novel evidence for a tissue-specific T-cell response predominated by Th1 cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in ischaemic failing human hearts that may contribute to the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Nian-Guo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling-Xue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ni Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shao-Fang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bing-Jie Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu-Hua Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
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58
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de Oliveira Boldrini V, Dos Santos Farias A, Degasperi GR. Deciphering targets of Th17 cells fate: From metabolism to nuclear receptors. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12793. [PMID: 31141182 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that reprogramming of metabolism is critically important for the differentiation of CD4 + T lymphocytes, and the manipulation of metabolic pathways in these cells may shape their fate and function. Distinct subgroups from T lymphocytes, such as Th17, adopt specific metabolic programmes to support their needs. Some important metabolic reactions, such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, are considered important for the differentiation of these lymphocytes. Since their discovery nearly a decade ago, Th17 lymphocytes have received significant attention because of their role in the pathology of several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In this review, it will be discussed as the involvement of T cell metabolism and as metabolic reprogramming in activated T cells dictates fate decisions to Th17. The involvement of nuclear receptors such as RORyt e PPARs in the induction of Th17 cells was also discussed. Understanding the metabolic pathways involved in the differentiation of the distinct subgroups of T lymphocytes helps in the design of promising therapeutic proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius de Oliveira Boldrini
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Dos Santos Farias
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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59
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Wei X, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Ai K, Li H, Yang J. Involvement of H-Ras in the adaptive immunity of Nile tilapia by regulating lymphocyte activation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:281-289. [PMID: 30953781 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
H-Ras is a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), which acts as a molecular switch and controls multiple important cellular processes including lymphocyte activation and function. However, regulatory mechanism of adaptive immune response by H-Ras remains unclear in non-mammalian animals. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of H-Ras in lymphocyte activation with a teleost model Oreochromis niloticus. H-Ras from O. niloticus (On-H-Ras) is highly conserved with those from other vertebrates. The mRNA of On-H-Ras showed a wide expression pattern in the lymphoid-tissues and with the highest level in liver. After Aeromonas hydrophila infection, transcription of On-H-Ras was significantly induced on day 8 but came back to basal level on day 16, suggesting that On-H-Ras potentially participated in primary response during the adaptive immunity. Furthermore, On-H-Ras mRNA was obviously up-regulated when leukocytes were activated by T lymphocyte mitogen PHA in vitro. Meanwhile, protein level of H-Ras was also augmented once leukocytes were stimulated with lymphocyte receptor signaling agonist PMA and ionomycin. More importantly, once Ras activity was inhibited by specific inhibitor, the up-regulation of lymphocyte activation marker CD122 was obviously impaired during lymphocyte activation process. Therefore, On-H-Ras regulated lymphocyte activation through both mRNA and protein level. Altogether, our results illustrated the involvement of H-Ras in teleost adaptive immunity via controlling lymphocyte activation, and thus provided a novel perspective to understand evolution of the lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kete Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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60
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Lara A, Cong Y, Jahrling PB, Mednikov M, Postnikova E, Yu S, Munster V, Holbrook MR. Peripheral immune response in the African green monkey model following Nipah-Malaysia virus exposure by intermediate-size particle aerosol. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007454. [PMID: 31166946 PMCID: PMC6576798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to appropriately mimic human disease is critical for using animal models as a tool for understanding virus pathogenesis. In the case of Nipah virus (NiV), infection of humans appears to occur either through inhalation, contact with or consumption of infected material. In two of these circumstances, respiratory or sinusoidal exposure represents a likely route of infection. In this study, intermediate-size aerosol particles (~7 μm) of NiV-Malaysia were used to mimic potential routes of exposure by focusing viral deposition in the upper respiratory tract. Our previous report showed this route of exposure extended the disease course and a single animal survived the infection. Here, analysis of the peripheral immune response found minimal evidence of systemic inflammation and depletion of B cells during acute disease. However, the animal that survived infection developed an early IgM response with rapid development of neutralizing antibodies that likely afforded protection. The increase in NiV-specific antibodies correlated with an expansion of the B cell population in the survivor. Cell-mediated immunity was not clearly apparent in animals that succumbed during the acute phase of disease. However, CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory cells increased in the survivor with correlating increases in cytokines and chemokines associated with cell-mediated immunity. Interestingly, kinetic changes of the CD4+ and CD8bright T cell populations over the course of acute disease were opposite from animals that succumbed to infection. In addition, increases in NK cells and basophils during convalescence of the surviving animal were also evident, with viral antigen found in NK cells. These data suggest that a systemic inflammatory response and "cytokine storm" are not major contributors to NiV-Malaysia pathogenesis in the AGM model using this exposure route. Further, these data demonstrate that regulation of cell-mediated immunity, in addition to rapid production of NiV specific antibodies, may be critical for surviving NiV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Lara
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Yu Cong
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Peter B. Jahrling
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Mark Mednikov
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Elena Postnikova
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Shuiqing Yu
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Vincent Munster
- Virus Ecology Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Holbrook
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
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61
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Yang C, Wei C, Wang S, Han S, Shi D, Zhang C, Lin X, Dou R, Xiong B. Combined Features Based on Preoperative Controlling Nutritional Status Score and Circulating Tumour Cell Status Predict Prognosis for Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Curative Resection. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1325-1335. [PMID: 31223290 PMCID: PMC6567813 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The preoperative controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and circulating tumour cell (CTC) status are associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study is to determine whether the combination of CONUT and CTC (CONUT-CTC) could better predict the prognosis of CRC patients treated with curative resection. Methods: Preoperative CONUT score was retrospectively calculated in 160 CRC patients who underwent curative resection at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 2015 to 2017. Preoperative CTC counts were enumerated from 5 ml peripheral vein blood by a CTCBIOPSY® device. According to the preoperative CONUT and CTC status, the patients were divided into three groups: CONUT-CTC (0), CONUT-CTC (1) and CONUT-CTC (2). The relationship between CONUT score and CTC, as well as the associations of CONUT-CTC status with clinicopathological factors and survival, were evaluated. Results: Preoperatively, the number and positive rate of CTC were positively correlated with the preoperative CONUT score (P<0.01). An elevated CONUT-CTC score was significantly associated with deeper tumour invasion (P=0.025), lymphatic vessel invasion (P=0.002), venous invasion (P<0.001) and higher pTNM stage (P=0.033). Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests revealed significant decreases in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) among CRC patients with CONUT-CTC score of 0, 1 and 2 (P<0.001). In pTNM stage-stratified analysis, high CONUT-CTC score was significantly associated with the poor (P<0.001) and CSS (P<0.001) of patients with stage III disease, but not correlated with the prognosis of patients with stage II disease (RFS: P=0.077; CSS: P<0.090). Further univariate and multivariate analyses showed that CONUT-CTC was an independent factor affecting patients' RFS [hazard ratio (HR)=2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.79-3.96, P<0.001] and CSS (HR=3.75, 95%CI: 2.14-6.57, P<0.001). In time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses, CONUT-CTC score had a higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the prediction of RFS and CSS than did preoperative CONUT score or CTC status. Conclusion: The preoperative CONUT-CTC score is associated with tumour progression and poor prognosis in patients with CRC treated with curative resection, indicating that better information on CRC prognosis could be obtained from combined preoperative host immune-nutritional status and CTC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaogang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Equipment Research and Development, Wuhan YZY Medical Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Dongdong Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaobin Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Rongzhang Dou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
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62
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Wei X, Zhao T, Ai K, Zhang Y, Li H, Yang J. c-Raf participates in adaptive immune response of Nile tilapia via regulating lymphocyte activation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:507-515. [PMID: 30513386 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (c-Raf) is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) that participates in the Erk1/2 pathway and plays an important role in lymphocyte activation. However, the study on how c-Raf regulates adaptive immunity in non-mammal is still limited. In present study, based on analysis of sequence characteristics of c-Raf from Oreochromis niloticus (On-c-Raf), we investigated its regulation roles on teleost lymphocyte activation. The On-c-Raf was highly conserved during evolution, which was composed of a Raf-like Ras-binding domain (RBD), a protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1) domain and a serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic (S_TKc) domain. Its mRNA showed a wide distribution in tissues of O. niloticus and with the highest expression in gill. After Aeromonas hydrophila infection, during the adaptive immune stage transcription level of On-c-Raf was significantly upregulated on day 8, but came back to original level on day 16 and 30, suggesting the potential involvement of On-c-Raf in primary response but not memory formation. Furthermore, On-c-Raf mRNA in leukocytes of Nile tilapias was obviously induced by in vitro stimulation of T cell mitogen PHA. More importantly, in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes agonist PMA augmented phosphorylation level of On-c-Raf in leukocytes detected by western-blot and immunofluorescent. Thus, c-Raf regulated lymphocyte activation of Nile tilapia on both mRNA and phosphorylation level. Together, our results revealed that the c-Raf from teleost Nile tilapia engaged in adaptive immune response by regulating lymphocytes activation. Since the regulatory mechanism of lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immunity is largely unknown in teleost, our study provided important evidences to understand teleost adaptive immunity, and also shed a novel perspective for the evolution of adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kete Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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63
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Baral S, Raja R, Sen P, Dixit NM. Towards multiscale modeling of the CD8 + T cell response to viral infections. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 11:e1446. [PMID: 30811096 PMCID: PMC6614031 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The CD8+ T cell response is critical to the control of viral infections. Yet, defining the CD8+ T cell response to viral infections quantitatively has been a challenge. Following antigen recognition, which triggers an intracellular signaling cascade, CD8+ T cells can differentiate into effector cells, which proliferate rapidly and destroy infected cells. When the infection is cleared, they leave behind memory cells for quick recall following a second challenge. If the infection persists, the cells may become exhausted, retaining minimal control of the infection while preventing severe immunopathology. These activation, proliferation and differentiation processes as well as the mounting of the effector response are intrinsically multiscale and collective phenomena. Remarkable experimental advances in the recent years, especially at the single cell level, have enabled a quantitative characterization of several underlying processes. Simultaneously, sophisticated mathematical models have begun to be constructed that describe these multiscale phenomena, bringing us closer to a comprehensive description of the CD8+ T cell response to viral infections. Here, we review the advances made and summarize the challenges and opportunities ahead. This article is categorized under: Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Baral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Rubesh Raja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pramita Sen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Narendra M Dixit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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64
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Zhang Y, Lin S, Yang X, Wang R, Luo L. Prognostic value of pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5555-5563. [PMID: 30353545 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported the relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and prognosis in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, but no consensus has been reached. We aimed to systematically evaluate the prognostic value of SII in patients with GI cancers. METHODS Relevant published papers regarding the prognostic value of SII in patients with GI cancers were obtained from a number of electronic databases. The overall hazard ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a fixed or random effects model to assess the relationship between SII and prognosis through Stata SE 12.0. RESULTS A total of 24 eligible published articles with 9,626 patients were included. From the pooled results, we found that high SII indicated worse overall survival (OS) in patients with GI cancers (HR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.29-1.74). And patients with high SII had poorer disease-free survival (HR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.46-3.10), time to recurrence (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.11-2.30), and recurrence-free survival (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.19-2.00) when compared with those with low SII values. CONCLUSIONS SII might serve as a noninvasive and powerful tool for predicting survival outcome in patients with GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibu Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xianjin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingyan Luo
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
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65
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Nadolni W, Zierler S. The Channel-Kinase TRPM7 as Novel Regulator of Immune System Homeostasis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7080109. [PMID: 30126133 PMCID: PMC6115979 DOI: 10.3390/cells7080109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme-coupled transient receptor potential channel subfamily M member 7, TRPM7, has been associated with immunity and immune cell signalling. Here, we review the role of this remarkable signalling protein in lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, activation and survival. We also discuss its role in mast cell, neutrophil and macrophage function and highlight the potential of TRPM7 to regulate immune system homeostasis. Further, we shed light on how the cellular signalling cascades involving TRPM7 channel and/or kinase activity culminate in pathologies as diverse as allergic hypersensitivity, arterial thrombosis and graft versus host disease (GVHD), stressing the need for TRPM7 specific pharmacological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Nadolni
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Goethestr. 33, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Goethestr. 33, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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66
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Zhang Y, Zhang X. Controlling nutritional status score, a promising prognostic marker in patients with gastrointestinal cancers after surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2018; 55:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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67
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Horton MB, Prevedello G, Marchingo JM, Zhou JHS, Duffy KR, Heinzel S, Hodgkin PD. Multiplexed Division Tracking Dyes for Proliferation-Based Clonal Lineage Tracing. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1097-1103. [PMID: 29914887 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The generation of cellular heterogeneity is an essential feature of immune responses. Understanding the heritability and asymmetry of phenotypic changes throughout this process requires determination of clonal-level contributions to fate selection. Evaluating intraclonal and interclonal heterogeneity and the influence of distinct fate determinants in large numbers of cell lineages, however, is usually laborious, requiring familial tracing and fate mapping. In this study, we introduce a novel, accessible, high-throughput method for measuring familial fate changes with accompanying statistical tools for testing hypotheses. The method combines multiplexing of division tracking dyes with detection of phenotypic markers to reveal clonal lineage properties. We illustrate the method by studying in vitro-activated mouse CD8+ T cell cultures, reporting division and phenotypic changes at the level of families. This approach has broad utility as it is flexible and adaptable to many cell types and to modifications of in vitro, and potentially in vivo, fate monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles B Horton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Giulio Prevedello
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Julia M Marchingo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Jie H S Zhou
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Ken R Duffy
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Susanne Heinzel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Philip D Hodgkin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia; and
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68
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Rakic M, Persic V, Kehler T, Bastiancic AL, Rosovic I, Laskarin G, Sotosek Tokmadzic V. Possible role of circulating endothelial cells in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Med Hypotheses 2018; 117:42-46. [PMID: 30077195 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs as a result of insufficient myocardial perfusion leading to cell necrosis. This is most commonly due to the obstruction of the coronary artery by ruptured atherosclerotic plaque and thrombosis. Damaged ischemic and necrotic myocardial cells release pro-inflammatory substances in tissue and plasma, leading to a systemic inflammatory response. Profound systemic inflammatory response during ischemia/reperfusion injury causes disruption of endothelial glycocalyx and detachment of endothelial cells that express von Willebrant factor (vWF). We hypothesize that circulating vWF+ endothelial cells could act as antigen presenting cells which interact with T and NK cells directly, by cell to cell contact and indirectly by cytokine and chemokine secretion, leading to the immune response towards inflammation. Analyzing the frequency, phenotype and pro-inflammatory substances produced in circulating vWF positive (+) cells in patients with AMI could be beneficial to determine the severity of the pro-inflammatory response, according to the level of endothelial dysfunction in the early period of AMI. To evaluate these hypotheses, we suggest to determine frequency, phenotype, and ability of cytokine/chemokine production in circulating vWF+ endothelial cells by simultaneous surface and intracellular cell staining, and flow cytometry analysis. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, pro-atherogenic substances and the components of glycocalyx might be measured in supernatants of magnetically separated or sorted vWF+ endothelial cells, as well as in the serum of a patient with acute AMI by enzyme linked-immunoassay tests. The interaction of increasing concentrations of isolated circulating vWF+ endothelial cells and cognate T and NK cells might be investigated by lymphocyte proliferation rate, cytotoxic mediators' expression, and cytokine production. If our hypothesis is correct, characterization of circulating vWF+ endothelial cells could grant us greater insight into their role in pathophysiology of AMI and the degree of myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Rakic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia" Opatija, 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia
| | - Viktor Persic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia" Opatija, 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia; Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Kehler
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia-Opatija", 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia
| | - Ana Lanca Bastiancic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia" Opatija, 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia
| | - Ivan Rosovic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia" Opatija, 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia
| | - Gordana Laskarin
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia-Opatija", 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty University of Rijeka, B.Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Sotosek Tokmadzic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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