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Marotel M, Hasim MS, Hagerman A, Ardolino M. The two-faces of NK cells in oncolytic virotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 56:59-68. [PMID: 32586674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are immunotherapeutics capable of directly killing cancer cells and with potent immunostimulatory properties. OVs exert their antitumor effect, at least partially, by activating the antitumor immune response, of which NK cells are an important component. However, if on the one hand increasing evidence revealed that NK cells are important mediators of oncolytic virotherapy, on the other hand, NK cells have evolved to fight viral infections, and therefore they can have a detrimental effect for the efficacy of OVs. In this review, we will discuss the dichotomy between the antitumor and antiviral functions of NK cells related to oncolytic virotherapy. We will also review NK cell-based and OV-based therapies, engineered OVs aimed at enhancing immune stimulation, and combination therapies involving OVs and NK cells currently used in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marotel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M S Hasim
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Hagerman
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; University of Ottawa, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Ardolino
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; University of Ottawa, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa, Canada.
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52
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Lazaridou MF, Gonschorek E, Massa C, Friedrich M, Handke D, Mueller A, Jasinski-Bergner S, Dummer R, Koelblinger P, Seliger B. Identification of miR-200a-5p targeting the peptide transporter TAP1 and its association with the clinical outcome of melanoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1774323. [PMID: 32923135 PMCID: PMC7458634 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1774323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor escape is often associated with abnormalities in the surface expression of the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) antigens thereby limiting CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses. This impaired HLA-I surface expression can be mediated by deficient expression of components of the antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM) due to epigenetic, transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional processes. Since a discordant mRNA and protein expression pattern of APM components including the peptide transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) has been frequently described in tumors of distinct origin, a post-transcriptional control of APM components caused by microRNAs (miR) was suggested. Using an in silico approach, miR-200a-5p has been identified as a candidate miR binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of TAP1. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated a specific binding of miR-200a-5p to the TAP1 3'-UTR. Furthermore, the miR-200a-5p expression is inversely correlated with the TAP1 protein expression in HEK293T cells and in a panel of melanoma cell lines as well as in primary melanoma lesions. High levels of miR-200a-5p expression were associated with a shorter overall survival of melanoma patients. Overexpression of miR-200a-5p reduced TAP1 levels, which was accompanied by a decreased HLA-I surface expression and an enhanced NK cell sensitivity of melanoma cells. These data show for the first time a miR-mediated control of the peptide transporter subunit TAP1 in melanoma thereby leading to a reduced HLA-I surface expression accompanied by an altered immune recognition and reduced patients' survival. Abbreviations Ab: antibody; ACTB: β-actin; APM: antigen processing and presentation machinery; ATCC: American tissue culture collection; β2-m: β2-microglobulin; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; FCS: fetal calf serum; FFL: firefly luciferase; FFPE: formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HC: heavy chain; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; HLA-I: HLA class I; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; IFN: interferon; im-miR: immune modulatory miRNA; LMP: low molecular weight protein; luc: luciferase; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; miR: microRNA; NC: negative control; NK: natural killer; NSCLC: non-small cell lung carcinoma; OS: overall survival; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; RBP: RNA-binding proteins; RL: Renilla; RLU: relative light units; TAP: transporter associated with antigen processing; tpn: tapasin; UTR: untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evamaria Gonschorek
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Diana Handke
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anja Mueller
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Institute of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Koelblinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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53
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Li H, Xiong HG, Xiao Y, Yang QC, Yang SC, Tang HC, Zhang WF, Sun ZJ. Long Non-coding RNA LINC02195 as a Regulator of MHC I Molecules and Favorable Prognostic Marker for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:615. [PMID: 32435615 PMCID: PMC7218046 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules is an important mechanism by which cancer cells escape immunosurveillance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in immune response and regulation including antigen processing and presentation. However, few studies on lncRNAs regulating MHC I expression in HNSCC have been conducted. In this study, MHC I related lncRNAs were identified from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC database. One of the lncRNAs, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2195 (LINC02195), was found to be associated with genes encoding MHC I molecules and patient prognosis in the TCGA database. KEGG and GO analyses suggested that LINC02195 was closely related to antigen processing and presentation. qRT-PCR revealed high expression of LINC02195 in human HNSCC tissues and HNSCC cell lines compared with normal mucosal tissues. in situ hybridization of the HNSCC tissue microarray revealed a correlation between high LINC02195 expression and a favorable prognosis in our patient cohort. Silencing of LINC02195 decreased MHC I protein expression, as evidenced by western blotting. Multiplex immunochemistry was performed to reveal the positive correlation between high LINC02195 expression and an increased number of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Based on our study, LINC02195 is a promising prognostic marker and a target for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Gang Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Chao Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Chen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Chao Tang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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54
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Wang Y, Wang X, Cui X, Zhuo Y, Li H, Ha C, Xin L, Ren Y, Zhang W, Sun X, Ge L, Liu X, He J, Zhang T, Zhang K, Yao Z, Yang X, Yang J. Oncoprotein SND1 hijacks nascent MHC-I heavy chain to ER-associated degradation, leading to impaired CD8 + T cell response in tumor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba5412. [PMID: 32917674 PMCID: PMC7259962 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
SND1 is highly expressed in various cancers. Here, we identify oncoprotein SND1 as a previously unidentified endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-associated protein. The amino-terminal peptide of SND1 predominantly associates with SEC61A, which anchors on ER membrane. The SN domain of SND1 catches and guides the nascent synthesized heavy chain (HC) of MHC-I to ER-associated degradation (ERAD), hindering the normal assembly of MHC-I in the ER lumen. In mice model bearing tumors, especially in transgenic OT-I mice, deletion of SND1 promotes the presentation of MHC-I in both B16F10 and MC38 cells, and the infiltration of CD8+ T cells is notably increased in tumor tissue. It was further confirmed that SND1 impaired tumor antigen presentation to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells both in vivo and in vitro. These findings reveal SND1 as a novel ER-associated protein facilitating immune evasion of tumor cells through redirecting HC to ERAD pathway that consequently interrupts antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoteng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongshuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanbo Ha
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingbiao Xin
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyan He
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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55
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Baumann D, Hägele T, Mochayedi J, Drebant J, Vent C, Blobner S, Noll JH, Nickel I, Schumacher C, Boos SL, Daniel AS, Wendler S, Volkmar M, Strobel O, Offringa R. Proimmunogenic impact of MEK inhibition synergizes with agonist anti-CD40 immunostimulatory antibodies in tumor therapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2176. [PMID: 32358491 PMCID: PMC7195409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer types with lower mutational load and a non-permissive tumor microenvironment are intrinsically resistant to immune checkpoint blockade. While the combination of cytostatic drugs and immunostimulatory antibodies constitutes an attractive concept for overcoming this refractoriness, suppression of immune cell function by cytostatic drugs may limit therapeutic efficacy. Here we show that targeted inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK) does not impair dendritic cell-mediated T cell priming and activation. Accordingly, combining MEK inhibitors (MEKi) with agonist antibodies (Abs) targeting the immunostimulatory CD40 receptor results in potent synergistic antitumor efficacy. Detailed analysis of the mechanism of action of MEKi shows that this drug exerts multiple pro-immunogenic effects, including the suppression of M2-type macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells and T-regulatory cells. The combination of MEK inhibition with agonist anti-CD40 Ab is therefore a promising therapeutic concept, especially for the treatment of mutant Kras-driven tumors such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited efficacy in tumors with lower mutational burden and non-permissive microenvironment. Here, the authors show that combining MEK inhibition with an agonist anti-CD40 immunostimulatory antibody improves antitumor treatment by inducing immunogenic changes in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baumann
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Tanja Hägele
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Julian Mochayedi
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Jennifer Drebant
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Caroline Vent
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Sven Blobner
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Julia Han Noll
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Irena Nickel
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Corinna Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Sophie Luise Boos
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany.,Department of Oncogenic signaling pathways of colorectal/pancreatic cancer, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munich, Bavaria, 80539, Germany
| | - Aline Sophie Daniel
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Susann Wendler
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Michael Volkmar
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany. .,Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 69120, Germany.
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56
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Hegde PS, Chen DS. Top 10 Challenges in Cancer Immunotherapy. Immunity 2020; 52:17-35. [PMID: 31940268 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1043] [Impact Index Per Article: 260.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a validated and critically important approach for treating patients with cancer. Given the vast research and clinical investigation efforts dedicated to advancing both endogenous and synthetic immunotherapy approaches, there is a need to focus on crucial questions and define roadblocks to the basic understanding and clinical progress. Here, we define ten key challenges facing cancer immunotherapy, which range from lack of confidence in translating pre-clinical findings to identifying optimal combinations of immune-based therapies for any given patient. Addressing these challenges will require the combined efforts of basic researchers and clinicians, and the focusing of resources to accelerate understanding of the complex interactions between cancer and the immune system and the development of improved treatment options for patients with cancer.
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57
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Garrido F, Aptsiauri N. Cancer immune escape: MHC expression in primary tumours versus metastases. Immunology 2019; 158:255-266. [PMID: 31509607 PMCID: PMC6856929 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours can escape T-cell responses by losing major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/ human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. In the early stages of cancer development, primary tumours are composed of homogeneous HLA class I-positive cancer cells. Subsequently, infiltration of the tumour by T cells generates a vast diversity of tumour clones with different MHC class I expressions. A Darwinian type of T-cell-mediated immune selection results in a tumour composed solely of MHC class I-negative cells. Metastatic colonization is a highly complex phenomenon in which T lymphocytes and natural killer cells play a major role. We have obtained evidence that the MHC class I phenotype of metastatic colonies can be highly diverse and is not necessarily the same as that of the primary tumour. The molecular mechanisms responsible for MHC/HLA class I alterations are an important determinant of the clinical response to cancer immunotherapy. Hence, immunotherapy can successfully up-regulate MHC/HLA class I expression if the alteration is reversible ('soft'), leading to T-cell-mediated tumour regression. In contrast, it cannot recover this expression if the alteration is irreversible ('hard'), when tumour cells escape T-cell-mediated destruction with subsequent cancer progression. This review summarizes clinical and experimental data on the complexity of immune escape mechanisms used by tumour cells to avoid T and natural killer cell responses. We also provide in-depth analysis of the nature of MHC/HLA class I changes during metastatic colonization and contribute evidence of the enormous diversity of MHC/HLA class I phenotypes that can be produced by tumour cells during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garrido
- Servicio de Analisis Clínicos e InmunologíaUGC Laboratorio ClínicoHospital Universitario Virgen de las NievesGranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs (A‐08)GranadaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología IIIFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Natalia Aptsiauri
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs (A‐08)GranadaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología IIIFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de GranadaGranadaSpain
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58
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Clinicopathologic significance of human leukocyte antigen class I expression in patients with stage II and III gastric cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1779-1790. [PMID: 31620857 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA I) molecules composed of alpha (heavy) chain, including HLA-A, -B, or -C encoded by HLA genes, and beta-2-microglobulin (β2M) are membrane proteins on all nucleated cells that display peptide antigens for recognition by CD8-positive cytotoxic T cells. Here, we examined the clinicopathologic signification of HLA I expression in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect HLA A/B/C, β2M, CD8, p53, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the center and invasive margin of the tumor in 395 stage II and III GCs using tissue array method. Additionally, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and microsatellite instability (MSI) status were investigated. Negative expression of HLA A/B/C and β2M was observed in 258 (65.3%) and 235 (59.5%) of 395 stage II and III GCs, respectively. Negative HLA I expression was significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathologic features. Furthermore, negative expression of HLA A/B/C and β2M was inversely correlated with CD8-positive cytotoxic T cell infiltration, EBV-positivity, and PD-L1 expression (all p < 0.001). Patients with HLA A/B/C-negative GC had worse overall survival (OS) (p = 0.019) and combined analysis with both HLA A/B/C and β2M expression status significantly predicted OS in univariate (p = 0.004) and multivariate survival analysis (p = 0.016). Negative expression of HLA A/B/C and β2M was frequently observed in stage II and III GCs, particularly with the aggressive clinicopathologic features, and correlated with an unfavorable prognosis and host immune response status. These findings contribute to further development of immunotherapy.
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59
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Rijkers GT, Andriessen SQ, van Overveld FJ. Death and the Miser: microbiota regulate the outcome of checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:831-834. [PMID: 31592683 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1677158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ger T Rijkers
- Department of Science, University College Roosevelt , Middelburg , The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St Elisabeth Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands
| | - S Quirine Andriessen
- Department of Science, University College Roosevelt , Middelburg , The Netherlands
| | - Frans J van Overveld
- Department of Science, University College Roosevelt , Middelburg , The Netherlands
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60
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Seliger B. The Role of the Lymphocyte Functional Crosstalk and Regulation in the Context of Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment-Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2043. [PMID: 31555274 PMCID: PMC6743269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, the dynamics of the cellular crosstalk have highlighted the significance of the host vs. tumor interaction. This resulted in the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies in order to modulate/inhibit the mechanisms leading to escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance. Different monoclonal antibodies directed against immune checkpoints, e.g., the T lymphocyte antigen 4 and the programmed cell death protein 1/ programmed cell death ligand 1 have been successfully implemented for the treatment of cancer. Despite their broad activity in many solid and hematologic tumor types, only 20–40% of patients demonstrated a durable treatment response. This might be due to an impaired T cell tumor interaction mediated by immune escape mechanisms of tumor and immune cells as well as alterations in the composition of the tumor microenvironment, peripheral blood, and microbiome. These different factors dynamically regulate different steps of the cancer immune process thereby negatively interfering with the T cell –mediated anti-tumoral immune responses. Therefore, this review will summarize the current knowledge of the different players involved in inhibiting tumor immunogenicity and mounting resistance to checkpoint inhibitors with focus on the role of tumor T cell interaction. A better insight of this process might lead to the development of strategies to revert these inhibitory processes and represent the rational for the design of novel immunotherapies and combinations in order to improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Sefrin JP, Hillringhaus L, Mundigl O, Mann K, Ziegler-Landesberger D, Seul H, Tabares G, Knoblauch D, Leinenbach A, Friligou I, Dziadek S, Offringa R, Lifke V, Lifke A. Sensitization of Tumors for Attack by Virus-Specific CD8+ T-Cells Through Antibody-Mediated Delivery of Immunogenic T-Cell Epitopes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1962. [PMID: 31555260 PMCID: PMC6712545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor immunity is limited by a number of factors including the lack of fully activated T-cells, insufficient antigenic stimulation and the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. We addressed these hurdles by developing a novel class of immunoconjugates, Antibody-Targeted Pathogen-derived Peptides (ATPPs), which were designed to efficiently deliver viral T-cell epitopes to tumors with the aim of redirecting virus-specific memory T-cells against the tumor. ATPPs were generated through covalent binding of mature MHC class I peptides to antibodies specific for cell surface-expressed tumor antigens that mediate immunoconjugate internalization. By means of a cleavable linker, the peptides are released in the endosomal compartment, from which they are loaded into MHC class I without the need for further processing. Pulsing of tumor cells with ATPPs was found to sensitize these for recognition by virus-specific CD8+ T-cells with much greater efficiency than exogenous loading with free peptides. Systemic injection of ATPPs into tumor-bearing mice enhanced the recruitment of virus-specific T-cells into the tumor and, when combined with immune checkpoint blockade, suppressed tumor growth. Our data thereby demonstrate the potential of ATPPs as a means of kick-starting the immune response against “cold” tumors and increasing the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian P Sefrin
- Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Lars Hillringhaus
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Mundigl
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Karin Mann
- Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Doris Ziegler-Landesberger
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Heike Seul
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Gloria Tabares
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Knoblauch
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Leinenbach
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Irene Friligou
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dziadek
- Translational Medicine Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Department of General Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Lifke
- Personalized Healthcare Solution, Immunoassay Development and System Integration, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Lifke
- Pharma Biotech Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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62
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Ladányi A, Tímár J. Immunologic and immunogenomic aspects of tumor progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:249-261. [PMID: 31419526 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression to metastatic disease is characterized by continuous genetic alterations due to instability of the genome. Immune sensitivity was found to be linked to tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the resulting amount of neoantigens. However, APOBEC activity resulting in increase in TMB causes immune evasion. On the other hand, clonal or acquired genetic loss of HLA class I also hampers immune sensitivity of tumors. Rare amplification of the PD-L1 gene in cancers may render them sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors but involvement of broader regions of chromosome 9p may ultimately lead again to immune evasion due to inactivation of the IFN-γ signaling pathway. Such genetic changes may occur not only in the primary tumor but at any phase of progression: in lymphatic as well as in visceral metastases. Accordingly, it is rational to monitor these changes continuously during disease progression similar to target therapies. Moreover, beside temporal variability, genomic features of tumors such as mutation profiles, as well as the tumor immune microenvironment also show considerable inter- and intratumoral spatial heterogeneity, suggesting the necessity of multiple sampling in biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - József Tímár
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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63
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Strohl WR, Naso M. Bispecific T-Cell Redirection versus Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells as Approaches to Kill Cancer Cells. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E41. [PMID: 31544847 PMCID: PMC6784091 DOI: 10.3390/antib8030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concepts for T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies (TRBAs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are both at least 30 years old but both platforms are just now coming into age. Two TRBAs and two CAR-T cell products have been approved by major regulatory agencies within the last ten years for the treatment of hematological cancers and an additional 53 TRBAs and 246 CAR cell constructs are in clinical trials today. Two major groups of TRBAs include small, short-half-life bispecific antibodies that include bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTE®s) which require continuous dosing and larger, mostly IgG-like bispecific antibodies with extended pharmacokinetics that can be dosed infrequently. Most CAR-T cells today are autologous, although significant strides are being made to develop off-the-shelf, allogeneic CAR-based products. CAR-Ts form a cytolytic synapse with target cells that is very different from the classical immune synapse both physically and mechanistically, whereas the TRBA-induced synapse is similar to the classic immune synapse. Both TRBAs and CAR-T cells are highly efficacious in clinical trials but both also present safety concerns, particularly with cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. New formats and dosing paradigms for TRBAs and CAR-T cells are being developed in efforts to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity, as well as to optimize use with both solid and hematologic tumors, both of which present significant challenges such as target heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Strohl
- BiStro Biotech Consulting, LLC, 1086 Tullo Farm Rd., Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
| | - Michael Naso
- Century Therapeutics, 3675 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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64
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Yoo SH, Keam B, Ock CY, Kim S, Han B, Kim JW, Lee KW, Jeon YK, Jung KC, Chung EJ, Kwon SK, Ahn SH, Sung MW, Heo DS. Prognostic value of the association between MHC class I downregulation and PD-L1 upregulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7680. [PMID: 31118488 PMCID: PMC6531443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A total of 158 patients with HNSCC were evaluated retrospectively. The expression of MHC class I and PD-L1 was analyzed in tumor specimens using immunohistochemistry. The association between MHC class I/PD-L1 expression and clinical outcome was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Among 158 patients, 103 (65.2%) showed positive PD-L1 expression, and 20 (12.7%) showed no detectable expression of MHC class I. The frequency of PD-L1 positive expression with concomitant MHC class I loss was 7.0%. In the PD-L1-positive group, MHC class I loss was associated with a significantly worse survival compared with MHC class I positivity (median overall survival 39.3 months vs. not reached; P = 0.005), whereas MHC class I status provided no prognostic impact in the PD-L1 negative group. Neither PD-L1 nor MHC class I alone showed a significant difference in overall survival. The loss of MHC class I expression in PD-L1-positive HNSCC was associated with a poor clinical outcome. This suggested that MHC class I expression status might be useful for the prognosis of tumor progression in HNSCC when combined with PD-L1 expression status. External validation with enough numbers of participants in such subgroup should be needed for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hye Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan-Young Ock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Buhm Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Whun Sung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Seog Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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65
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Flores-Martín JF, Perea F, Exposito-Ruiz M, Carretero FJ, Rodriguez T, Villamediana M, Ruiz-Cabello F, Garrido F, Cózar-Olmo JM, Aptsiauri N. A Combination of Positive Tumor HLA-I and Negative PD-L1 Expression Provides an Immune Rejection Mechanism in Bladder Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:2631-2639. [PMID: 31011905 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) expression plays an important role in T cell-mediated tumor rejection. Loss of HLA-I is associated with cancer progression and resistance to immunotherapy, including antibodies blocking programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) signaling. Our objective was to analyze a correlation between HLA-I, tumor immune infiltration, and PD-L1/PD-1 axis in bladder cancer in association with the clinicopathologic features of patients. METHODS We analyzed 85 cryopreserved bladder tumors by immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of HLA-I, PD-L1, PD-1, CD3, CD8, and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). The results were correlated with tumor stage and other clinicopathologic variables of patients. RESULTS We found a strong positive correlation between tumor HLA-I expression and infiltration with CD3+ and CD8 + T cells. PD-L1 expression was positive in 15.5% of tumors and heterogeneous in 40.5%, and was linked to a more advanced tumor stage. The majority of HLA-I-positive/heterogeneous tumors also expressed PD-L1 and PD-1, which were significantly correlated with each other and with lymphocyte infiltration. Interestingly, the analysis of the simultaneous expression of both markers revealed that 85.2% of tumors with a positive/heterogeneous HLA-I phenotype and negative for PD-L1 were mostly non-invasive, representing a 'tumor rejection' immune phenotype. CONCLUSIONS High tumor HLA-I expression with absence of PD-L1 provides bladder cancer with an immune rejection mechanism. Evaluation of PD-L1 and HLA-I together should be considered in bladder cancer and may provide a new predictive biomarker of tumor invasiveness and of the response to 'immune checkpoint' therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Flores-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain. .,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Urología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves de Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Urología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Francisco Perea
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuela Exposito-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental (FIBAO), Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Carretero
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marina Villamediana
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Cabello
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Federico Garrido
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cózar-Olmo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Urología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Aptsiauri
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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66
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Lobashevsky AL, Krueger-Sersen M, Britton RM, Littrell CA, Singh S, Cui CP, Kashi Z, Martin RK, Breman AM, Vance GH, Farag SS. Pretransplant HLA typing revealed loss of heterozygosity in the major histocompatibility complex in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:257-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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67
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Baxevanis CN, Fortis SP, Perez SA. Prostate cancer: any room left for immunotherapies? Immunotherapy 2019; 11:69-74. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sotirios P Fortis
- Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sonia A Perez
- Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
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68
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Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Cursons J, Huntington ND. The Emergence of Natural Killer Cells as a Major Target in Cancer Immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:142-158. [PMID: 30639050 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune 'checkpoint' inhibitors can increase the activity of tumor-resident cytotoxic lymphocytes and have revolutionized cancer treatment. Current therapies block inhibitory pathways in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and recent studies have shown similar programs in other effector populations such as natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are critical for immunosurveillance, particularly the control of metastatic cells or hematological cancers. However, how NK cells specifically recognize transformed cells and dominant negative feedback pathways, as well as how tumors escape NK cell control, remains undefined. This review summarizes recent advances that have illuminated inhibitory checkpoints in NK cells, some of which are shared with conventional cytotoxic T lymphocytes. It also outlines emerging approaches aimed at unleashing the potential of NK cells in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Joseph Cursons
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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69
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Signal Transduction in Radiation Oncology. Radiat Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52619-5_112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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70
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on the discovery of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in mice (H-2) and in humans (HLA), and on the role played by the International HLA Workshops in the analysis and characterization of this complex genetic system. The early days of Tumour Immunology and the importance of the definition of Tumour Associated Transplantation Antigens (TATA) are also discussed. Today we know that tumour cells can be killed by T lymphocytes by recognizing tumour antigenic peptides presented by MHC molecules and they can also escape this recognition by losing the expression of MHC molecules. This important phenomenon has been profoundly studied for many years both in my lab in Granada and in other laboratories. The results of this research have important implications for the new generation of cancer immunotherapy that boosts T cell responses. A historical perspective of major discoveries is presented in this chapter, with the names of the scientists that have made a significant contribution to the enormous progress made in the field of Tumour Immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garrido
- Departamento de Analisis Clinicos e Inmunologia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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71
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Abstract
In this chapter I describe Tumour Immune Escape mechanisms associated with MHC/HLA class I loss in human and experimental tumours. Different altered HLA class-I phenotypes can be observed that are produced by different molecular mechanisms. Experimental and histological evidences are summarized indicating that at the early stages of tumour development there is an enormous variety of tumour clones with different MHC class I expression patterns. This phase is followed by a strong T cell mediated immune-selection of MHC/HLA class-I negative tumour cells in the primary tumour lesion. This transition period results in a formation of a tumour composed only of HLA-class I negative cells. An updated description of this process observed in a large variety of human tumors is included. In the second section I focus on MHC/HLA class I alterations observed in mouse and human metastases, and describe the generation of different tumor cell clones with altered MHC class I phenotypes, which could be similar or different from the original tumor clone. The biological and immunological relevance of these observations is discussed. Finally, the interesting phenomenon of metastatic dormancy is analyzed in association with a particular MHC class I negative tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garrido
- Departamento de Analisis Clinicos e Inmunologia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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72
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Montes P, Kerick M, Bernal M, Hernández F, Jiménez P, Garrido P, Márquez A, Jurado M, Martin J, Garrido F, Ruiz-Cabello F. Genomic loss of HLA alleles may affect the clinical outcome in low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36929-36944. [PMID: 30651926 PMCID: PMC6319343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Revised International Prognostic Score and some somatic mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are independently associated with transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Immunity has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of MDS, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We performed a SNP array on chromosome 6 in CD34+ purified blasts from 19 patients diagnosed with advanced MDS and 8 patients with other myeloid malignancies to evaluate the presence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in HLA and its impact on disease progression. Three patients had acquired copy-neutral LOH (CN-LOH) on 6p arms, which may disrupt antigen presentation and act as a mechanism for immune system evasion. Interestingly, these patients had previously been classified at low risk of AML progression, and the poor outcome cannot be explained by the acquisition of adverse mutations. LOH HLA was not detected in the remaining 24 patients, who all had adverse risk factors. In summary, the clinical outcome of patients with advanced MDS might be influenced by HLA allelic loss, wich allows subclonal expansions to evade cytotoxic-T and NK cell attack. CN-LOH HLA may therefore be a factor favoring MDS progression to AML independently of the somatic tumor mutation load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Montes
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Martin Kerick
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Mónica Bernal
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Hernández
- UGC de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Jiménez
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Garrido
- UGC de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Márquez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Jurado
- UGC de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Martin
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Federico Garrido
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Departamento Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Cabello
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Departamento Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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73
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Muntasell A, Rojo F, Servitja S, Rubio-Perez C, Cabo M, Tamborero D, Costa-García M, Martínez-Garcia M, Menéndez S, Vazquez I, Lluch A, Gonzalez-Perez A, Rovira A, López-Botet M, Albanell J. NK Cell Infiltrates and HLA Class I Expression in Primary HER2 + Breast Cancer Predict and Uncouple Pathological Response and Disease-free Survival. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1535-1545. [PMID: 30523021 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the value of tumor-infiltrating NK (TI-NK) cells and HLA class I tumor expression as biomarkers of response to neoadjuvant anti-HER2 antibody-based treatment in breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TI-NK cells and HLA-I were determined by IHC in pretreatment tumor biopsies from two cohorts of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer [discovery cohort (n = 42) and validation cohort (n = 71)]. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were scored according to international guidelines. Biomarker association with pathologic complete response (pCR) and disease-free survival (DFS) was adjusted for prognostic factors. Gene set variation analysis was used for determining immune cell populations concomitant to NK-cell enrichment in HER2-positive tumors from the Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 190). RESULTS TI-NK cells were significantly associated with pCR in the discovery cohort as well as in the validation cohort (P < 0.0001), independently of clinicopathologic factors. A ≥3 TI-NK cells/50x high-power field (HPF) cutoff predicted pCR in the discovery and validation cohort [OR, 188 (11-3154); OR, 19.5 (5.3-71.8)]. Presence of TI-NK cells associated with prolonged DFS in both patient cohorts [HR, 0.07 (0.01-0.6); P = 0.01; HR, 0.3 (0.08-1.3); P = 0.1]. NK-, activated dendritic- and CD8 T-cell gene expression signatures positively correlated in HER2-positive tumors, supporting the value of NK cells as surrogates of effective antitumor immunity. Stratification of patients by tumor HLA-I expression identified patients with low and high relapse risk independently of pCR. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies baseline TI-NK cells as an independent biomarker with great predictive value for pCR to anti-HER2 antibody-based treatment and points to the complementary value of tumor HLA-I status for defining patient prognosis independently of pCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Muntasell
- Immunity and Infection Lab, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Federico Rojo
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, IIS 'Fundación Jiménez Diaz', Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Servitja
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Rubio-Perez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Cabo
- Immunity and Infection Lab, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Tamborero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - María Martínez-Garcia
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Menéndez
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivonne Vazquez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Clinico de Valencia-CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain.,Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Abel Gonzalez-Perez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Botet
- Immunity and Infection Lab, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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74
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Wilson EA, Anderson KS. Lost in the crowd: identifying targetable MHC class I neoepitopes for cancer immunotherapy. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:1065-1077. [PMID: 30408427 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1545578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent development of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy for cancer has led to impressive clinical results across multiple tumor types. There is mounting evidence that immune recognition of tumor derived MHC class I (MHC-I) restricted epitopes bearing cancer specific mutations and alterations is a crucial mechanism in successfully triggering immune-mediated tumor rejection. Therapeutic targeting of these cancer specific epitopes (neoepitopes) is emerging as a promising opportunity for the generation of personalized cancer vaccines and adoptive T cell therapies. However, one major obstacle limiting the broader application of neoepitope based therapies is the difficulty of selecting highly immunogenic neoepitopes among the wide array of presented non-immunogenic HLA ligands derived from self-proteins. Areas covered: In this review, we present an overview of the MHC-I processing and presentation pathway, as well as highlight key areas that contribute to the complexity of the associated MHC-I peptidome. We cover recent technological advances that simplify and optimize the identification of targetable neoepitopes for cancer immunotherapeutic applications. Expert commentary: Recent advances in computational modeling, bioinformatics, and mass spectrometry are unlocking the underlying mechanisms governing antigen processing and presentation of tumor-derived neoepitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Wilson
- a Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Karen S Anderson
- a Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA.,b Department of Medical Oncology , Mayo Clinic Arizona , Scottsdale , AZ , USA
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75
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Lin A, Yan WH. Heterogeneity of HLA-G Expression in Cancers: Facing the Challenges. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2164. [PMID: 30319626 PMCID: PMC6170620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity has been observed in most malignancies, which represents a considerable challenge for tumor therapy. In recent decades, the biological function and clinical significance of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G have been intensively explored. It is now widely accepted that HLA-G is a critical marker of immunotolerance in cancer cell immune evasion and is strongly associated with disease progress and prognosis for cancer patients. Moreover, it has recently been emphasized that the signaling pathway linking HLA-G and immunoglobulin-like transcripts (ILTs) is considered an immune checkpoint. In addition, HLA-G itself can generate at least seven distinct isoforms, and intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity of HLA-G expression is common across different tumor types. Furthermore, HLA-G heterogeneity in cancers has been related to disease stage and outcomes, metastatic status and response to different therapies. This review focuses on the heterogeneity of HLA-G expression in malignant lesions, and clinical implications of this heterogeneity that might be relevant to personalized treatments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Lin
- Biological Resource Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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76
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Lin A, Zhang X, Zhang RL, Zhang JG, Zhou WJ, Yan WH. Clinical Significance of Potential Unidentified HLA-G Isoforms Without α1 Domain but Containing Intron 4 in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2018; 8:361. [PMID: 30234020 PMCID: PMC6131604 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectopic HLA-G expression in malignancies has been extensively explored and clinical significance of the molecule was widely acknowledged. Besides previously well-documented seven isoforms (HLA-G1~-G7), other novel isoforms of HLA-G have been reported but their clinical relavenace remians evaluated. In this study, lesion HLA-G expression in 379 case-matched serial section primary colorectal cancers (CRC) were evaluated with mAb 4H84 (recognizing an epitope in HLA-G α1 domain), and mAb 5A6G7 (recognizing an epitope encoded by intron 4), respectively. Data showed that HLA-G positive staining with mAbs 4H84 and 5A6G7 was 70.7 and 60.4%, respectively. When percentage of HLA-G expression detected with mAb 4H84 subtracted that with mAb 5A6G7, the difference (ΔHLA-G) with negative (ΔHLA-Gneg), comparable (ΔHLA-Gcom) and positive (ΔHLA-Gpos) were observed in 64 (16.9%), 159 (42.0%), and 156 (41.2%) cases, respectively. Noteworthy, unexpected immunostaining was observed in 44 (11.6%) lesions that no staining was detected with mAb 4H84 but positive with mAb 5A6G7 (4H84neg5A6G7pos). This staining pattern was unpredictable because all seven known HLA-G isoforms containing the α 1 domain could be recognized by the mAb 4H84. Moreover, patients with ΔHLA-Gneg had obviously better survival than those with ΔHLA-Gcom and ΔHLA-Gpos (p = 0.017), and ΔHLA-G could be an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients (p = 0.008). Our findings provides the first report that potential unidentified HLA-G isoforms is of distinct clinical significance in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Lin
- Biological Resource Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Biological Resource Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Rui-Li Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Jian-Gang Zhang
- Biological Resource Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- Biological Resource Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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