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Rezaee Z, Yadollahpour A, Bayati V, Negad Dehbashi F. Gold nanoparticles and electroporation impose both separate and synergistic radiosensitizing effects in HT-29 tumor cells: an in vitro study. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1431-1439. [PMID: 28260889 PMCID: PMC5327907 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s128996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Radiation therapy (RT) is the gold standard treatment for more than half of known tumors. Despite recent improvements in RT efficiency, the side effects of ionizing radiation (IR) in normal tissues are a dose-limiting factor that restricts higher doses in tumor treatment. One approach to enhance the efficiency of RT is the application of radiosensitizers to selectively increase the dose at the tumor site. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and electroporation (EP) have shown good potential as radiosensitizers for RT. This study aims to investigate the sensitizing effects of EP, GNPs, and combined GNPs-EP on the dose enhancement factor (DEF) for 6 MV photon energy. METHODS Radiosensitizing effects of EP, GNPs, and combinations of GNPs-EP were comparatively investigated in vitro for intestinal colon cancer (HT-29) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines by MTT assay and colony formation assay at 6 MV photon energy in six groups: IR (control group), GNPs+IR, GNPs (24 h)+IR, EP+IR, GNPs+EP+IR, and GNPs (24 h)+EP+IR. RESULTS Treatment of both cell lines with EP, GNPs, and combined GNPs-EP significantly enhanced the response of cells to irradiation. However, the HT-29 showed higher DEF values for all groups. In addition, the DEF value for HT-29 cells for GNPs+IR, GNPs (24 h)+IR, EP+IR, GNPs+EP+IR, and GNPs (24 h)+EP+IR was, respectively, 1.17, 1.47, 1.36, 2.61, and 2.89, indicating synergistic radiosensitizing effect for the GNPs (24 h)+EP+IR group. Furthermore, the synergistic effect was observed just for HT-29 tumor cell lines. CONCLUSION Combined GNPs-EP protocols induced synergistic radiosensitizing effect in HT-29 cells, and the effect is also tumor specific. This combined therapy can be beneficially used for the treatment of intrinsically less radiosensitive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Rezaee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Avhaz, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Yadollahpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Avhaz, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Avhaz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Negad Dehbashi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Avhaz, Iran
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Laprise-Pelletier M, Lagueux J, Côté MF, LaGrange T, Fortin MA. Low-Dose Prostate Cancer Brachytherapy with Radioactive Palladium-Gold Nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28116855 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death among men. Low-dose brachytherapy is an increasingly used treatment for PCa, which requires the implantation of tens of radioactive seeds. This treatment causes discomfort; these implants cannot be removed, and they generate image artifacts. In this study, the authors report on intratumoral injections of radioactive gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as an alternative to seeds. The particles (103 Pd:Pd@Au-PEG and 103 Pd:Pd@198 Au:Au-PEG; 10-14 nm Pd@Au core, 36-48 nm hydrodynamic diameter) are synthesized by a one-pot process and characterized by electron microscopy. Administrated as low volume (2-4 µL) single doses (1.6-1.7 mCi), the particles are strongly retained in PCa xenograft tumors, impacting on their growth rate. After 4 weeks, a tumor volume inhibition of 56% and of 75%, compared to the controls, is observed for 103 Pd:Pd@Au-PEG NPs and 103 Pd:Pd@198 Au:Au-PEG NPs, respectively. Skin necrosis is observed with 198 Au; therefore, Au NPs labeled with 103 Pd only are a more advisable choice. Overall, this is the first study confirming the impact of 103 Pd@Au NPs on tumor growth. This new brachytherapy procedure could allow tunable doses of radioactivity, administered with smaller needles than with the current technologies, and leading to fewer image artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Laprise-Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (CR CHU de Québec); axe Médecine Régénératrice; Québec QC G1L 3L5 Canada
- Department of Mining; Metallurgy and Materials Engineering; Université Laval; Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA); Université Laval; Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Jean Lagueux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (CR CHU de Québec); axe Médecine Régénératrice; Québec QC G1L 3L5 Canada
| | - Marie-France Côté
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (CR CHU de Québec); axe Médecine Régénératrice; Québec QC G1L 3L5 Canada
| | - Thomas LaGrange
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Électronique (CIME); École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Marc-André Fortin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (CR CHU de Québec); axe Médecine Régénératrice; Québec QC G1L 3L5 Canada
- Department of Mining; Metallurgy and Materials Engineering; Université Laval; Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA); Université Laval; Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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Brown JMC, Currell FJ. A local effect model-based interpolation framework for experimental nanoparticle radiosensitisation data. Cancer Nanotechnol 2017; 8:1. [PMID: 28217175 PMCID: PMC5285431 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-016-0025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A local effect model (LEM)-based framework capable of interpolating nanoparticle-enhanced photon-irradiated clonogenic cell survival fraction measurements as a function of nanoparticle concentration was developed and experimentally benchmarked for gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-doped bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) under superficial kilovoltage X-ray irradiation. For three different superficial kilovoltage X-ray spectra, the BAEC survival fraction response was predicted for two different AuNP concentrations and compared to experimental data. The ability of the developed framework to predict the cell survival fraction trends is analysed and discussed. This developed framework is intended to fill in the existing gaps of individual cell line response as a function of NP concentration under photon irradiation and assist the scientific community in planning future pre-clinical trials of high Z nanoparticle-enhanced photon radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M C Brown
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Fred J Currell
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Increasing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Radiotherapy Using Nanoparticles. CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40854-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Koger B, Kirkby C. Optimization of photon beam energies in gold nanoparticle enhanced arc radiation therapy using Monte Carlo methods. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:8839-8853. [PMID: 27910829 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/61/24/8839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As a recent area of development in radiation therapy, gold nanoparticle (GNP) enhanced radiation therapy has shown potential to increase tumour dose while maintaining acceptable levels of healthy tissue toxicity. In this study, the effect of varying photon beam energy in GNP enhanced arc radiation therapy (GEART) is quantified through the introduction of a dose scoring metric, and GEART is compared to a conventional radiotherapy treatment. The PENELOPE Monte Carlo code was used to model several simple phantoms consisting of a spherical tumour containing GNPs (concentration: 15 mg Au g-1 tumour, 0.8 mg Au g-1 normal tissue) in a cylinder of tissue. Several monoenergetic photon beams, with energies ranging from 20 keV to 6 MeV, as well as 100, 200, and 300 kVp spectral beams, were used to irradiate the tumour in a 360° arc treatment. A dose metric was then used to compare tumour and tissue doses from GEART treatments to a similar treatment from a 6 MV spectrum. This was also performed on a simulated brain tumour using patient computed tomography data. GEART treatments showed potential over the 6 MV treatment for many of the simulated geometries, delivering up to 88% higher mean dose to the tumour for a constant tissue dose, with the effect greatest near a source energy of 50 keV. This effect is also seen with the inclusion of bone in a brain treatment, with a 14% increase in mean tumour dose over 6 MV, while still maintaining acceptable levels of dose to the bone and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Koger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Haume K, Rosa S, Grellet S, Śmiałek MA, Butterworth KT, Solov’yov AV, Prise KM, Golding J, Mason NJ. Gold nanoparticles for cancer radiotherapy: a review. Cancer Nanotechnol 2016; 7:8. [PMID: 27867425 PMCID: PMC5095165 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-016-0021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is currently used in around 50% of cancer treatments and relies on the deposition of energy directly into tumour tissue. Although it is generally effective, some of the deposited energy can adversely affect healthy tissue outside the tumour volume, especially in the case of photon radiation (gamma and X-rays). Improved radiotherapy outcomes can be achieved by employing ion beams due to the characteristic energy deposition curve which culminates in a localised, high radiation dose (in form of a Bragg peak). In addition to ion radiotherapy, novel sensitisers, such as nanoparticles, have shown to locally increase the damaging effect of both photon and ion radiation, when both are applied to the tumour area. Amongst the available nanoparticle systems, gold nanoparticles have become particularly popular due to several advantages: biocompatibility, well-established methods for synthesis in a wide range of sizes, and the possibility of coating of their surface with a large number of different molecules to provide partial control of, for example, surface charge or interaction with serum proteins. This gives a full range of options for design parameter combinations, in which the optimal choice is not always clear, partially due to a lack of understanding of many processes that take place upon irradiation of such complicated systems. In this review, we summarise the mechanisms of action of radiation therapy with photons and ions in the presence and absence of nanoparticles, as well as the influence of some of the core and coating design parameters of nanoparticles on their radiosensitisation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Haume
- Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
| | - Soraia Rosa
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Sophie Grellet
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
| | - Małgorzata A. Śmiałek
- Department of Control and Power Engineering, Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karl T. Butterworth
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | | | - Kevin M. Prise
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Jon Golding
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
| | - Nigel J. Mason
- Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
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Brun E, Sicard-Roselli C. Actual questions raised by nanoparticle radiosensitization. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cho J, Wang M, Gonzalez-Lepera C, Mawlawi O, Cho SH. Development of bimetallic (Zn@Au) nanoparticles as potential PET-imageable radiosensitizers. Med Phys 2016; 43:4775. [PMID: 27487895 PMCID: PMC4967079 DOI: 10.1118/1.4958961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are being investigated actively for various applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. As an effort to improve the imaging of GNPs in vivo, the authors developed bimetallic hybrid Zn@Au NPs with zinc cores and gold shells, aiming to render them in vivo visibility through positron emission tomography (PET) after the proton activation of the zinc core as well as capability to induce radiosensitization through the secondary electrons produced from the gold shell when irradiated by various radiation sources. METHODS Nearly spherical zinc NPs (∼5-nm diameter) were synthesized and then coated with a ∼4.25-nm gold layer to make Zn@Au NPs (∼13.5-nm total diameter). 28.6 mg of these Zn@Au NPs was deposited (∼100 μm thick) on a thin cellulose target and placed in an aluminum target holder and subsequently irradiated with 14.15-MeV protons from a GE PETtrace cyclotron with 5-μA current for 5 min. After irradiation, the cellulose matrix with the NPs was placed in a dose calibrator to assess the induced radioactivity. The same procedure was repeated with 8-MeV protons. Gamma ray spectroscopy using an high-purity germanium detector was conducted on a very small fraction (<1 mg) of the irradiated NPs for each proton energy. In addition to experimental measurements, Monte Carlo simulations were also performed with radioactive Zn@Au NPs and solid GNPs of the same size irradiated with 160-MeV protons and 250-kVp x-rays. RESULTS The authors measured 168 μCi of activity 32 min after the end of bombardment for the 14.15-MeV proton energy sample using the (66)Ga setting on a dose calibrator; activity decreased to 2 μCi over a 24-h period. For the 8-MeV proton energy sample, PET imaging was additionally performed for 5 min after a 12-h delay. A 12-h gamma ray spectrum showed strong peaks at 511 keV (2.05 × 10(6) counts) with several other peaks of smaller magnitude for each proton energy sample. PET imaging showed strong PET signals from mostly decaying (66)Ga. The Monte Carlo results showed that radioactive Zn@Au NPs and solid GNPs provided similar characteristics in terms of their secondary electron spectra when irradiated. CONCLUSIONS The Zn@Au NPs developed in this investigation have the potential to be used as PET-imageable radiosensitizers for radiotherapy applications as well as PET tracers for molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Cho
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Carlos Gonzalez-Lepera
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Osama Mawlawi
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sang Hyun Cho
- Departments of Radiation Physics and Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang P, Jin X, Zheng X, Ye F, Chen W, Li Q. The synergistic radiosensitizing effect of tirapazamine-conjugated gold nanoparticles on human hepatoma HepG2 cells under X-ray irradiation. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3517-31. [PMID: 27555772 PMCID: PMC4970453 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reductive drug-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been proposed to enhance the damage of X-rays to cells through improving hydroxyl radical production by secondary electrons. In this work, polyethylene glycol-capped AuNPs were conjugated with tirapazamine (TPZ) moiety, and then thioctyl TPZ (TPZs)-modified AuNPs (TPZs-AuNPs) were synthesized. The TPZs-AuNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectra, dynamic light scattering, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to have a size of 16.6±2.1 nm in diameter and a TPZs/AuNPs ratio of ~700:1. In contrast with PEGylated AuNPs, the as-synthesized TPZs-AuNPs exhibited 20% increment in hydroxyl radical production in water at 2.0 Gy, and 19% increase in sensitizer enhancement ratio at 10% survival fraction for human hepatoma HepG2 cells under X-ray irradiation. The production of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells exposed to X-rays in vitro demonstrated a synergistic radiosensitizing effect of AuNPs and TPZ moiety. Thus, the reductive drug-conjugated TPZs-AuNPs as a kind of AuNP radiosensitizer with low gold loading provide a new strategy for enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou
| | - Xiaogang Zheng
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou
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Jiang X, Du B, Yu M, Jia X, Zheng J. Surface-ligand effect on radiosensitization of ultrasmall luminescent gold nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2016; 9:16420031-16420038. [PMID: 29034008 PMCID: PMC5639719 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545816420037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could serve as potential radiotherapy sensitizers because of their exceptional biocompatibility and high-Z material nature; however, since in vitro and in vivo behaviors of AuNPs are determined not only by their particle size but also by their surface chemistries, whether surface ligands can affect their radiosensitization has seldom been investigated in the radiosensitization of AuNPs. By conducting head-to-head comparison on radiosensitization of two kinds of ultrasmall (~2 nm) near-infrared (NIR) emitting AuNPs that are coated with zwitterionic glutathione and neutral polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands, respectively, we found that zwitterionic glutathione coated AuNPs (GS-AuNPs) can reduce survival rates of MCF-7 cells under irradiation of clinically used megavoltage photon beam at low dosage of ~2.25 Gy. On the other hand, PEG-AuNPs can serve as a radiation-protecting agent and enabled MCF-7 cells more resistant to the irradiation, clearly indicating the key role of surface chemistry in radiosensitization of AuNPs. More detailed studies suggested that such difference was independent of cellular uptake and its efficiency, but might be related to the ligand-induced difference in photoelectron generation and/or interactions between AuNPs and X-ray triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Bujie Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Mengxiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Corresponding author:
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Subiel A, Ashmore R, Schettino G. Standards and Methodologies for Characterizing Radiobiological Impact of High-Z Nanoparticles. Theranostics 2016; 6:1651-71. [PMID: 27446499 PMCID: PMC4955064 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the application of high-Z nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer treatment and diagnosis has recently been the subject of growing interest, with much promise being shown with regards to a potential transition into clinical practice. In spite of numerous publications related to the development and application of nanoparticles for use with ionizing radiation, the literature is lacking coherent and systematic experimental approaches to fully evaluate the radiobiological effectiveness of NPs, validate mechanistic models and allow direct comparison of the studies undertaken by various research groups. The lack of standards and established methodology is commonly recognised as a major obstacle for the transition of innovative research ideas into clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive overview of radiobiological techniques and quantification methods used in in vitro studies on high-Z nanoparticles and aims to provide recommendations for future standardization for NP-mediated radiation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Subiel
- ✉ Corresponding author: +44 (0)20 8943 8548; ; National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
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Samadian H, Hosseini-Nami S, Kamrava SK, Ghaznavi H, Shakeri-Zadeh A. Folate-conjugated gold nanoparticle as a new nanoplatform for targeted cancer therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2217-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Current scenario of biomedical aspect of metal-based nanoparticles on gel dosimetry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4803-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nanoparticles in radiation oncology: From bench-side to bedside. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:256-262. [PMID: 26987625 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) are "in vogue" in medical research. Pre-clinical studies accumulate evidence of NP enhancing radiation therapy. On one hand, NP, selected for their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics, are radio-sensitizers. Thus, when NP accumulate in cancer cells, they increase the radiation absorption coefficient specifically in tumour tissue, sparing healthy surrounding tissue from toxicity. On the other hand, NP, by being drug vectors, can carry radio-sensitizer therapeutics to cancer cells. Finally, NP present theranostic effects. Indeed they are used in imaging as contrast agents. NP therefore can be multi-tasking and have promising prospect in radiotherapy field. In spite of the numerous encouraging preclinical evidence, the very small number of clinical trials investigating NP possible involvement in the radiotherapy clinical practice suggests a physicians' unwillingness. Many prerequisites seem necessary including define biological mechanisms of NP radiosensitization pathways and of NP clearance. NP biocompatibility and toxicities should be better investigated to select, among the extensive range of possible systems, the harmless and most efficient one, and to finally come to a safe and successful clinical use. The present review focuses on the various interests of NP in the radiotherapy area and proposes a discussion about their role in the future clinical practice.
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Spaas C, Dok R, Deschaume O, De Roo B, Vervaele M, Seo JW, Bartic C, Hoet P, Van den Heuvel F, Nuyts S, Locquet JP. Dependence of Gold Nanoparticle Radiosensitization on Functionalizing Layer Thickness. Radiat Res 2016; 185:384-92. [PMID: 26950059 DOI: 10.1667/rr14207.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles functionalized with polyethylene glycol of different chain lengths are used to determine the influence of the capping layer thickness on the radiosensitizing effect of the particles. The size variations in organic coating, built up with polyethylene glycol polymers of molecular weight 1-20 kDa, allow an evaluation of the decrease in dose enhancement percentages caused by the gold nanoparticles at different radial distances from their surface. With localized eradication of malignant cells as a primary focus, radiosensitization is most effective after internalization in the nucleus. For this reason, we performed controlled radiation experiments, with doses up to 20 Gy and particle diameters in a range of 5-30 nm, and studied the relaxation pattern of supercoiled DNA. Subsequent gel electrophoresis of the suspensions was performed to evaluate the molecular damage and consecutively quantify the gold nanoparticle sensitization. In conclusion, on average up to 58.4% of the radiosensitizing efficiency was lost when the radial dimensions of the functionalizing layer were increased from 4.1 to 15.3 nm. These results serve as an experimental supplement for biophysical simulations and demonstrate the influence of an important parameter in the development of nanomaterials for targeted therapies in cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Hoet
- d Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Frank Van den Heuvel
- b Oncology.,e CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
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McQuaid HN, Muir MF, Taggart LE, McMahon SJ, Coulter JA, Hyland WB, Jain S, Butterworth KT, Schettino G, Prise KM, Hirst DG, Botchway SW, Currell FJ. Imaging and radiation effects of gold nanoparticles in tumour cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19442. [PMID: 26787230 PMCID: PMC4726169 DOI: 10.1038/srep19442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle radiosensitization represents a novel technique in enhancement of ionising radiation dose and its effect on biological systems. Variation between theoretical predictions and experimental measurement is significant enough that the mechanism leading to an increase in cell killing and DNA damage is still not clear. We present the first experimental results that take into account both the measured biodistribution of gold nanoparticles at the cellular level and the range of the product electrons responsible for energy deposition. Combining synchrotron-generated monoenergetic X-rays, intracellular gold particle imaging and DNA damage assays, has enabled a DNA damage model to be generated that includes the production of intermediate electrons. We can therefore show for the first time good agreement between the prediction of biological outcomes from both the Local Effect Model and a DNA damage model with experimentally observed cell killing and DNA damage induction via the combination of X-rays and GNPs. However, the requirement of two distinct models as indicated by this mechanistic study, one for short-term DNA damage and another for cell survival, indicates that, at least for nanoparticle enhancement, it is not safe to equate the lethal lesions invoked in the local effect model with DNA damage events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold N. McQuaid
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mark F. Muir
- Camlin Technologies Ltd. Lisburn, BT28 2EX, N.Ireland, UK
| | - Laura E. Taggart
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephen J. McMahon
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Coulter
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Wendy B. Hyland
- Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Suneil Jain
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Karl T. Butterworth
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Kevin M. Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David G. Hirst
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stanley W. Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Fred J. Currell
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
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67
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Synthesis of novel galactose functionalized gold nanoparticles and its radiosensitizing mechanism. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:67. [PMID: 26452535 PMCID: PMC4600275 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biocompatible gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are potentially practical and efficient agents in cancer radiotherapy applications. In this study, we demonstrated that GNPs can significantly modulate irradiation response of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and investigated the underlying mechanisms. We co-grafted galactose (GAL) targeting hepatocyte specific asialoglycoprotein receptor and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) onto GNPs surfaces to increase GNPs targeting specificity and stability. RESULTS This novel GAL-PEG-GNPs and bare GNPs show similar appearance and cytotoxicity profiles, while more GAL-PEG-GNPs can be effectively uptaken and could enhance cancer cell killing. CONCLUSION GAL-PEG-GNPs have better radiosensitization to HepG2. The sensitization mechanism of GAL-PEG-GNPs is related to the apoptotic gene process activated by generation of a large amount of free radicals induced by GNPs.
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Retif P, Pinel S, Toussaint M, Frochot C, Chouikrat R, Bastogne T, Barberi-Heyob M. Nanoparticles for Radiation Therapy Enhancement: the Key Parameters. Theranostics 2015; 5:1030-44. [PMID: 26155318 PMCID: PMC4493540 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the radiosensitization strategies that use high-Z nanoparticles. It does not establish an exhaustive list of the works in this field but rather propose constructive criticisms pointing out critical factors that could improve the nano-radiation therapy. Whereas most reviews show the chemists and/or biologists points of view, the present analysis is also seen through the prism of the medical physicist. In particular, we described and evaluated the influence of X-rays energy spectra using a numerical analysis. We observed a lack of standardization in preclinical studies that could partially explain the low number of translation to clinical applications for this innovative therapeutic strategy. Pointing out the critical parameters of high-Z nanoparticles radiosensitization, this review is expected to contribute to a larger preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Retif
- 1. CHR Metz-Thionville, Hôpital de Mercy, Service de radiothérapie, 1 allée du Château, Ars-Laquenexy, 57530, France
- 2. Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
- 3. CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
| | - Sophie Pinel
- 2. Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
- 3. CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
| | - Magali Toussaint
- 2. Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
- 3. CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
| | - Céline Frochot
- 4. Université de Lorraine, LRGP, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, 54000, France
- 5. CNRS, LRGP, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Rima Chouikrat
- 4. Université de Lorraine, LRGP, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, 54000, France
- 5. CNRS, LRGP, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Thierry Bastogne
- 2. Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
- 3. CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
- 6. Université de Lorraine, INRIA-BIGS & CRAN, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
| | - Muriel Barberi-Heyob
- 2. Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
- 3. CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
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69
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Effect of diameter of nanoparticles and capture cross-section library on macroscopic dose enhancement in boron neutron capture therapy. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2015; 6:377-85. [PMID: 25834582 PMCID: PMC4300365 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2014.48031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is evaluation of the effect of diameter of 10B nanoparticles and various neutron capture cross-section libraries on macroscopic dose enhancement in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Material and methods MCNPX Monte Carlo code was used for simulation of a 252Cf source, a soft tissue phantom and a tumor containing 10B nanoparticles. Using 252Cf as a neutron source, macroscopic dose enhancement factor (MDEF) and total dose rate in tumor in the presence of 100, 200, and 500 ppm of 10B nanoparticles with 25 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm diameters were calculated. Additionally, the effect of ENDF, JEFF, JENDL, and CENDL neutron capture cross-section libraries on MDEF was evaluated. Results There is not a linear relationship between the average MDEF value and nanoparticles’ diameter but the average MDEF grows with increased concentration of 10B nanoparticles. There is an increasing trend for average MDEF with the tumor distance. The average MDEF values were obtained the same for various neutron capture cross-section libraries. The maximum and minimum doses that effect on the total dose in tumor were neutron and secondary photon doses, respectively. Furthermore, the boron capture related dose component reduced in some extent with increase of diameter of 10B nanoparticles. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that from physical point of view, various nanoparticle diameters have no dominant effect on average MDEF value in tumor. Furthermore, it is concluded that various neutron capture cross-section libraries are resulted to the same macroscopic dose enhancements. However, it is predicted that taking into account the biological effects for various nanoparticle diameters will result in different dose enhancements.
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Preedia Babu E, Subastri A, Suyavaran A, Lokeshwara Rao P, Suresh Kumar M, Jeevaratnam K, Thirunavukkarasu C. Extracellularly synthesized ZnO nanoparticles interact with DNA and augment gamma radiation induced DNA damage through reactive oxygen species. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09935h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ZnONPs were synthesized using ferulic acid as the reductant and the intricate twofold role as DNA binders and radio sensitizers was revealed, which can pave the way for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Preedia Babu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Pondicherry University
- India
| | - A. Subastri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Pondicherry University
- India
| | - A. Suyavaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Pondicherry University
- India
| | - P. Lokeshwara Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Pondicherry University
- India
| | | | - K. Jeevaratnam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Pondicherry University
- India
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71
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Djoumessi D, Laprise-Pelletier M, Chevallier P, Lagueux J, Côté MF, Fortin MA. Rapid, one-pot procedure to synthesise103Pd:Pd@Au nanoparticles en route for radiosensitisation and radiotherapeutic applications. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2192-2205. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01663g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radioactive gold–palladium nanoparticles for radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Djoumessi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CR-CHUQ)
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice
- Canada
- Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA)
- Université Laval
| | - M. Laprise-Pelletier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CR-CHUQ)
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice
- Canada
- Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA)
- Université Laval
| | - P. Chevallier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CR-CHUQ)
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice
- Canada
- Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA)
- Université Laval
| | - J. Lagueux
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CR-CHUQ)
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice
- Canada
| | - M. F. Côté
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CR-CHUQ)
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice
- Canada
| | - M.-A. Fortin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CR-CHUQ)
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice
- Canada
- Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA)
- Université Laval
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72
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Vernimmen F, Shmatov ML. Gold Nanoparticles in Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2015.63019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gilles M, Brun E, Sicard-Roselli C. Gold nanoparticles functionalization notably decreases radiosensitization through hydroxyl radical production under ionizing radiation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:770-7. [PMID: 25454667 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the influence of gold nanoparticles (GNP) coating on hydroxyl radical (HO) production under ionizing radiation. Though radiosensitizing mechanisms are still unknown, radical oxygen species are likely to be involved, especially HO. We synthesized six different types of GNP, choosing relevant ligands such as polyethylene glycol or human serum albumin. A great attention was paid to characterize these GNP in terms of size, charge and number of atoms in the coating. Our results show that functionalization dramatically decreases HO production, which is correlated to reduced plasmidic DNA damages. These findings are of high importance as GNP translation from fundamental research to applied medicine requires their functionalization to increase blood circulation time and specific cancerous cells addressing. We suggest that to keep GNP efficient for radiotherapy, a wispy coating is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Gilles
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Emilie Brun
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Sicard-Roselli
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
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74
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Cooper DR, Bekah D, Nadeau JL. Gold nanoparticles and their alternatives for radiation therapy enhancement. Front Chem 2014; 2:86. [PMID: 25353018 PMCID: PMC4196578 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the most commonly used treatments for cancer. The dose of delivered ionizing radiation can be amplified by the presence of high-Z materials via an enhancement of the photoelectric effect; the most widely studied material is gold (atomic number 79). However, a large amount is needed to obtain a significant dose enhancement, presenting a challenge for delivery. In order to make this technique of broader applicability, the gold must be targeted, or alternative formulations developed that do not rely solely on the photoelectric effect. One possible approach is to excite scintillating nanoparticles with ionizing radiation, and then exploit energy transfer between these particles and attached dyes in a manner analogous to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Doped rare-earth halides and semiconductor quantum dots have been investigated for this purpose. However, although the spectrum of emitted light after radiation excitation is usually similar to that seen with light excitation, the yield is not. Measurement of scintillation yields is challenging, and in many cases has been done only for bulk materials, with little understanding of how the principles translate to the nanoscale. Another alternative is to use local heating using gold or iron, followed by application of ionizing radiation. Hyperthermia pre-sensitizes the tumors, leading to an improved response. Another approach is to use chemotherapeutic drugs that can radiosensitize tumors. Drugs may be attached to high-Z nanoparticles or encapsulated. This article discusses each of these techniques, giving an overview of the current state of nanoparticle-assisted radiation therapy and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Devesh Bekah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jay L Nadeau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
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Brun E, Sicard-Roselli C. Could nanoparticle corona characterization help for biological consequence prediction? Cancer Nanotechnol 2014; 5:7. [PMID: 25309635 PMCID: PMC4181791 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-014-0007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As soon as they enter a biological medium (cell culture medium for in vitro, blood or plasma for in vivo studies), nanoparticles, in most cases, see their surface covered by biomolecules, especially proteins. What the cells see is thus not the ideal nanoparticle concocted by chemists, meaning the biomolecular corona could have great biological and physiological repercussions, sometimes masking the expected effects of purposely grafted molecules. In this review, we will mainly focus on gold nanoparticles. In the first part, we will discuss the fate of these particles once in a biological medium, especially in terms of size, and the protein composition of the corona. We will highlight the parameters influencing the quantity and the identity of the adsorbed proteins. In a second part, we will resume the main findings about the influence of a biomolecular corona on cellular uptake, toxicity, biodistribution and targeting ability. To be noticed is the need for standardized experiments and very precise reports of the protocols and methods used in the experimental sections to extract informative data. Given the biological consequences of this corona, we suggest that it should be taken into account in theoretical studies dealing with nanomaterials to better represent the biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Brun
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR8000, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, Cedex France
| | - Cécile Sicard-Roselli
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR8000, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, Cedex France
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76
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Sicard-Roselli C, Brun E, Gilles M, Baldacchino G, Kelsey C, McQuaid H, Polin C, Wardlow N, Currell F. A new mechanism for hydroxyl radical production in irradiated nanoparticle solutions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:3338-46. [PMID: 24863679 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The absolute yield of hydroxyl radicals per unit of deposited X-ray energy is determined for the first time for irradiated aqueous solutions containing metal nanoparticles based on a "reference" protocol. Measurements are made as a function of dose rate and nanoparticle concentration. Possible mechanisms for hydroxyl radical production are considered in turn: energy deposition in the nanoparticles followed by its transport into the surrounding environment is unable to account for observed yield whereas energy deposition in the water followed by a catalytic-like reaction at the water-nanoparticle interface can account for the total yield and its dependence on dose rate and nanoparticle concentration. This finding is important because current models used to account for nanoparticle enhancement to radiobiological damage only consider the primary interaction with the nanoparticle, not with the surrounding media. Nothing about the new mechanism appears to be specific to gold, the main requirements being the formation of a structured water layer in the vicinity of the nanoparticle possibly through the interaction of its charge and the water dipoles. The massive hydroxyl radical production is relevant to a number of application fields, particularly nanomedicine since the hydroxyl radical is responsible for the majority of radiation-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Sicard-Roselli
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique CNRS UMR8000, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
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Ngwa W, Kumar R, Sridhar S, Korideck H, Zygmanski P, Cormack RA, Berbeco R, Makrigiorgos GM. Targeted radiotherapy with gold nanoparticles: current status and future perspectives. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:1063-82. [PMID: 24978464 PMCID: PMC4143893 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is the treatment of cancer and other diseases with ionizing radiation. The ultimate goal of RT is to destroy all the disease cells while sparing healthy tissue. Towards this goal, RT has advanced significantly over the past few decades in part due to new technologies including: multileaf collimator-assisted modulation of radiation beams, improved computer-assisted inverse treatment planning, image guidance, robotics with more precision, better motion management strategies, stereotactic treatments and hypofractionation. With recent advances in nanotechnology, targeted RT with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is actively being investigated as a means to further increase the RT therapeutic ratio. In this review, we summarize the current status of research and development towards the use of GNPs to enhance RT. We highlight the promising emerging modalities for targeted RT with GNPs and the corresponding preclinical evidence supporting such promise towards potential clinical translation. Future prospects and perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Ngwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Electronic Materials Research Institute & Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Electronic Materials Research Institute & Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Houari Korideck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Piotr Zygmanski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robert A Cormack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ross Berbeco
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - G Mike Makrigiorgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Khoshgard K, Hashemi B, Arbabi A, Rasaee MJ, Soleimani M. Radiosensitization effect of folate-conjugated gold nanoparticles on HeLa cancer cells under orthovoltage superficial radiotherapy techniques. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:2249-63. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/9/2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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79
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Babaei M, Ganjalikhani M. The potential effectiveness of nanoparticles as radio sensitizers for radiotherapy. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2014; 4:15-20. [PMID: 24790894 PMCID: PMC4005278 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2014.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Application of nanoparticles as radio sensitizer is a promising field to improve efficiency of radiotherapy. METHODS This study was conducted to review nano radio sensitizers. PubMed, Ovid Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, ISI web of knowledge, and Springer databases were searched from 2000 to May 2013 to identify relevant studies. Search was restricted to English language. RESULTS We included any study that evaluated nanoparticles, volunteer of radio enhancement at radiotherapy on animals or cell lines. Nanoparticles can increase radio sensitivity of tumor cells. This effect was shown in vivo and in vitro, at kilovltage or megavoltage energies, in 24 reviewed studies. Focus of studies was on gold nanoparticles. Radio sensitizing effects of nanoparticles depend on nanoparticles' size, type, concentration, intracellular localization, used irradiation energy and tested cell line. CONCLUSION Literature suggests potency of nanoparticles for increasing cell radio sensitivity. Reviewed results are promising and warrant future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Babaei
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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80
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Guidelli EJ, Baffa O. Influence of photon beam energy on the dose enhancement factor caused by gold and silver nanoparticles: An experimental approach. Med Phys 2014; 41:032101. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4865809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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81
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Miladi I, Alric C, Dufort S, Mowat P, Dutour A, Mandon C, Laurent G, Bräuer-Krisch E, Herath N, Coll JL, Dutreix M, Lux F, Bazzi R, Billotey C, Janier M, Perriat P, Le Duc G, Roux S, Tillement O. The In Vivo Radiosensitizing Effect of Gold Nanoparticles Based MRI Contrast Agents. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1116-1124. [PMID: 24677791 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the high atomic number (Z) of gold element, the gold nanoparticles appear as very promising radiosensitizing agents. This character can be exploited for improving the selectivity of radiotherapy. However, such an improvement is possible only if irradiation is performed when the gold content is high in the tumor and low in the surrounding healthy tissue. As a result, the beneficial action of irradiation (the eradication of the tumor) should occur while the deleterious side effects of radiotherapy should be limited by sparing the healthy tissue. The location of the radiosensitizers is therefore required to initiate the radiotherapy. Designing gold nanoparticles for monitoring their distribution by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an asset due to the high resolution of MRI which permits the accurate location of particles and therefore the determination of the optimal time for the irradiation. We recently demonstrated that ultrasmall gold nanoparticles coated by gadolinium chelates (Au@DTDTPA-Gd) can be followed up by MRI after intravenous injection. Herein, Au@DTDTPA and Au@DTDTPA-Gd were prepared in order to evaluate their potential for radiosensitization. Comet assays and in vivo experiments suggest that these particles appear well suited for improving the selectivity of the radiotherapy. The dose which is used for inducing similar levels of DNA alteration is divided by two when cells are incubated with the gold nanoparticles prior to the irradiation. Moreover, the increase in the lifespan of tumor bearing rats is more important when the irradiation is performed after the injection of the gold nanoparticles. In the case of treatment of rats with a brain tumor (9L gliosarcoma, a radio-resistant tumor in a radiosensitive organ), the delay between the intravenous injection and the irradiation was determined by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Miladi
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents, UMR 5620 CNRS - UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
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82
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Lechtman E, Mashouf S, Chattopadhyay N, Keller BM, Lai P, Cai Z, Reilly RM, Pignol JP. A Monte Carlo-based model of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization accounting for increased radiobiological effectiveness. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:3075-87. [PMID: 23594417 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/10/3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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83
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Jeremic B, Aguerri AR, Filipovic N. Radiosensitization by gold nanoparticles. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 15:593-601. [PMID: 23359187 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent years brought increasing use of gold nano particles (GNP) as a model platform for interaction of irradiation and GNPs aiming radiosensitization. Endocytosis seems to be one of the major pathways for cellular uptake of GNPs. Internalization mechanism of GNPs is likely receptor-mediated endocytosis, influenced by GNP size, shape, its coating and surface charging. Many showed that DNA damage can occur as a consequence of metal-enhanced production of low energy electrons, Auger electrons and alike. Kilovoltage radiotherapy (RT) carries significantly higher dose enhancement factor (DEF) that is observed with megavoltage irradiations, the latter usually been at the order of 1.1-1.2. Higher gold concentrations seem to carry higher risk of toxicity, while with lower concentrations the DEF can be reduced. Adding a chemotherapeutic agent could increase level of enhancement. Clinical trials are eagerly awaited with a promise of gaining more knowledge deemed necessary for more successful transition to widespread clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jeremic
- BioIRC, Bioengineering R&D Centre, Prvoslava Stojanovica 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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84
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Luo Y, Hossain M, Wang C, Qiao Y, An J, Ma L, Su M. Targeted nanoparticles for enhanced X-ray radiation killing of multidrug-resistant bacteria. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:687-94. [PMID: 23223782 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr33154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a nanoparticle enhanced X-ray irradiation based strategy that can be used to kill multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. In the proof-of-concept experiment using MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as an example, polyclonal antibody modified bismuth nanoparticles are introduced into bacterial culture to specifically target P. aeruginosa. After washing off uncombined bismuth nanoparticles, the bacteria are irradiated with X-rays, using a setup that mimics a deeply buried wound in humans. Results show that up to 90% of MDR P. aeruginosa are killed in the presence of 200 μg ml(-1) bismuth nanoparticles, whereas only ∼6% are killed in the absence of bismuth nanoparticles when exposed to 40 kVp X-rays for 10 min. The 200 μg ml(-1) bismuth nanoparticles enhance localized X-ray dose by 35 times higher than the control with no nanoparticles. In addition, no significant harmful effects on human cells (HeLa and MG-63 cells) have been observed with 200 μg ml(-1) bismuth nanoparticles and 10 min 40 kVp X-ray irradiation exposures, rendering the potential for future clinical use. Since X-rays can easily penetrate human tissues, this bactericidal strategy has the potential to be used in effectively killing deeply buried MDR bacteria in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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85
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Size- and Ligand-Specific Bioresponse of Gold Clusters and Nanoparticles: Challenges and Perspectives. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2013_127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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86
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Chow JCL, Leung MKK, Jaffray DA. Monte Carlo simulation on a gold nanoparticle irradiated by electron beams. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:3323-31. [PMID: 22572475 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/11/3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the secondary electron production from a gold nanoparticle (GNP) irradiated by monoenergetic electron beams using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Spherical GNPs with diameters of 2, 50 and 100 nm in water were irradiated by monoenergetic electron beams with energies equal to 50 keV, 250 keV, 1 MeV and 4 MeV. MC simulations were performed using the Geant4 toolkit to determine the energy of the secondary electrons emitted from the GNPs. The mean effective range and deflection angle of the secondary electrons were tracked. Energy depositions inside and outside the nanoparticles due to the secondary electrons were also calculated. For comparisons, simulations were repeated by replacing the GNPs with water. Our results show that the mean effective range of secondary electrons increased with an increase of the GNP size and electron beam energy. For the electron beam energy and GNP size used in this study, the mean effective range was 0.5-15 µm outside the nanoparticle, which is approximately within the dimension of a living cell. The mean deflection angles varied from 78 to 83 degrees as per our MC results. The proportion of energy deposition inside the GNP versus that outside increased with the GNP size. This is different from the results obtained from a previous study using photon beams. The secondary electron energy deposition ratio (energy deposition for GNP/energy deposition for water) was found to be highest for the smallest GNP of 2 nm diameter in this study. For the energy deposited by the secondary electron, we concluded that the addition of GNPs can increase the secondary electron energy deposition in water, though most of the energy was self-absorbed by the large nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm). In addition, an electron source in the presence of GNPs does not seem to be better than photons as the yield of secondary electrons per unit mass of gold is less than water.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C L Chow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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87
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Guidelli EJ, Ramos AP, Zaniquelli MED, Nicolucci P, Baffa O. Synthesis and characterization of silver/alanine nanocomposites for radiation detection in medical applications: the influence of particle size on the detection properties. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:2884-2893. [PMID: 22441754 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30090g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silver/alanine nanocomposites with varying mass percentage of silver have been produced. The size of the silver nanoparticles seems to drive the formation of the nanocomposite, yielding a homogeneous dispersion of the silver nanoparticles in the alanine matrix or flocs of silver nanoparticles segregated from the alanine crystals. The alanine crystalline orientation is modified according to the particle size of the silver nanoparticles. Concerning a mass percentage of silver below 0.1%, the nanocomposites are homogeneous, and there is no particle aggregation. As the mass percentage of silver is increased, the system becomes unstable, and there is particle flocculation with subsequent segregation of the alanine crystals. The nanocomposites have been analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and they have been tested as radiation detectors by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in order to detect the paramagnetic centers created by the radiation. In fact, the sensitivity of the radiation detectors is optimized in the case of systems containing small particles (30 nm) that are well dispersed in the alanine matrix. As the agglomeration increases, particle growth (up to 1.5 μm) and segregation diminish the sensitivity. In conclusion, nanostructured materials can be used for optimization of alanine sensitivity, by taking into account the influence of the particles size of the silver nanoparticles on the detection properties of the alanine radiation detectors, thus contributing to the construction of small-sized detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder José Guidelli
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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88
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Pignol JP, Lechtman E. Reply to Comment on ‘Implications on clinical scenario of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization in regards to photon energy, nanoparticle size, concentration and location’. Phys Med Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/1/291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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89
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90
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Unak G, Ozkaya F, Medine EI, Kozgus O, Sakarya S, Bekis R, Unak P, Timur S. Gold nanoparticle probes: design and in vitro applications in cancer cell culture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 90:217-26. [PMID: 22070896 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new architecture has been designed by the conjugation of [(18)F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and anti-metadherin (Anti-MTDH) antibody which is specific to the metadherin (MTDH) over-expressed on the surface of breast cancer cells. Mannose triflate molecule is used as a precursor for synthesis of (18)F-FDG by nucleophilic fluorination. For the conjugation of (18)F-FDG and AuNPs, cysteamine was first bound to mannose triflate (Man-CA) before synthesizing of (18)F-FDG which has cysteamine sides ((18)FDG-CA). Then, (18)FDG-CA was reacted with HAuCl(4) to obtain AuNPs and with NaBH(4) for reduction of AuNPs. At the end of this procedure, AuNPs were conjugated to (18)F-FDG via disulphide bonds ((18)FDG-AuNP). For the conjugation of Anti-MTDH, 1,1'-carbonyl diimidazol (CDI) was bound to the (18)FDG-AuNP, and Anti-MTDH was conjugated via CDI ((18)FDG-AuNP-Anti-MTDH). This procedure was also performed by using Na(19)F to obtain non-radioactive conjugates ((19)FDG-AuNP-Anti-MTDH). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated that synthesized particles were in nano sizes. (18)FDG-AuNP-Anti-MTDH conjugate was characterized and used as a model probe containing both radioactive and optical labels together as well as the biological target. The (18)FDG-AuNP-Anti-MTDH conjugate was applied to MCF7 breast cancer cell line and apoptotic cell ratio was found to be increasing from 2% to 20% following the treatment. Hence, these results have promised an important application potential of this conjugate in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcan Unak
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
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91
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Lechtman E, Chattopadhyay N, Cai Z, Mashouf S, Reilly R, Pignol JP. Implications on clinical scenario of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization in regards to photon energy, nanoparticle size, concentration and location. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:4631-47. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/15/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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92
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Ponomarenko O, Nikulin AY, Moser HO, Yang P, Sakata O. Radiation-induced melting in coherent X-ray diffractive imaging at the nanoscale. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2011; 18:580-94. [PMID: 21685675 PMCID: PMC3286865 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049511016335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Coherent X-ray diffraction techniques play an increasingly significant role in the imaging of nanoscale structures, ranging from metallic and semiconductor to biological objects. In material science, X-rays are usually considered to be of a low-destructive nature, but under certain conditions they can cause significant radiation damage and heat loading on the samples. The qualitative literature data concerning the tolerance of nanostructured samples to synchrotron radiation in coherent diffraction imaging experiments are scarce. In this work the experimental evidence of a complete destruction of polymer and gold nanosamples by the synchrotron beam is reported in the case of imaging at 1-10 nm spatial resolution. Numerical simulations based on a heat-transfer model demonstrate the high sensitivity of temperature distribution in samples to macroscopic experimental parameters such as the conduction properties of materials, radiation heat transfer and convection. However, for realistic experimental conditions the calculated rates of temperature rise alone cannot explain the melting transitions observed in the nanosamples. Comparison of these results with the literature data allows a specific scenario of the sample destruction in each particular case to be presented, and a strategy for damage reduction to be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Ponomarenko
- School of Physics, Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Physics, Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - A. Y. Nikulin
- School of Physics, Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - H. O. Moser
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Yang
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603
| | - O. Sakata
- JASRI/SPring-8, Kouto 1-1-1, Mikazuki-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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93
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McMahon SJ, Hyland WB, Muir MF, Coulter JA, Jain S, Butterworth KT, Schettino G, Dickson GR, Hounsell AR, O'Sullivan JM, Prise KM, Hirst DG, Currell FJ. Biological consequences of nanoscale energy deposition near irradiated heavy atom nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2011; 1:18. [PMID: 22355537 PMCID: PMC3216506 DOI: 10.1038/srep00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are being proposed as contrast agents to enhance X-ray imaging and radiotherapy, seeking to take advantage of the increased X-ray absorption of gold compared to soft tissue. However, there is a great discrepancy between physically predicted increases in X-ray energy deposition and experimentally observed increases in cell killing. In this work, we present the first calculations which take into account the structure of energy deposition in the nanoscale vicinity of GNPs and relate this to biological outcomes, and show for the first time good agreement with experimentally observed cell killing by the combination of X-rays and GNPs. These results are not only relevant to radiotherapy, but also have implications for applications of heavy atom nanoparticles in biological settings or where human exposure is possible because the localised energy deposition high-lighted by these results may cause complex DNA damage, leading to mutation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J McMahon
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
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94
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Mesbahi A. A review on gold nanoparticles radiosensitization effect in radiation therapy of cancer. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2010; 15:176-80. [PMID: 24376946 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, application of nanoparticles in diagnosis and treatment of cancer has been the issue of extensive research. Among these studies some have focused on the dose enhancement effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in radiation therapy of cancer. On the other hand, some studies indicated energy dependency of dose enhancement effect, and the others have studied the GNP size effect in association with photon energy. However, in some aspects of GNP-based radiotherapy the results of recent studies do not seem very conclusive in spite of relative agreement on the basic physical interaction of photoelectric between GNPs and low energy photons. The main idea behind the GNP dose enhancement in some studies is not able to explain the results especially in recent investigation on cell lines and animal models radiation therapy using GNPs. In the present article the results of the available reports and articles were analyzed and compared and the final status of the GNP-RT was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Mesbahi
- Medical Physics Department, Medical School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attare-Neishabouri Street, Tabriz, Iran ; Radiation Oncology Department, Imam Hospital, Tabriz, Iran
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95
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Chithrani DB, Jelveh S, Jalali F, van Prooijen M, Allen C, Bristow RG, Hill RP, Jaffray DA. Gold nanoparticles as radiation sensitizers in cancer therapy. Radiat Res 2010; 173:719-28. [PMID: 20518651 DOI: 10.1667/rr1984.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Among other nanoparticle systems, gold nanoparticles have been explored as radiosensitizers. While most of the research in this area has focused on either gold nanoparticles with diameters of less than 2 nm or particles with micrometer dimensions, it has been shown that nanoparticles 50 nm in diameter have the highest cellular uptake. We present the results of in vitro studies that focus on the radiosensitization properties of nanoparticles in the size range from 14-74 nm. Radiosensitization was dependent on the number of gold nanoparticles internalized within the cells. Gold nanoparticles 50-nm in diameter showed the highest radiosensitization enhancement factor (REF) (1.43 at 220 kVp) compared to gold nanoparticles of 14 and 74 nm (1.20 and 1.26, respectively). Using 50-nm gold nanoparticles, the REF for lower- (105 kVp) and higher- (6 MVp) energy photons was 1.66 and 1.17, respectively. DNA double-strand breaks were quantified using radiation-induced foci of gamma-H2AX and 53BP1, and a modest increase in the number of foci per nucleus was observed in irradiated cell populations with internalized gold nanoparticles. The outcome of this research will enable the optimization of gold nanoparticle-based sensitizers for use in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika B Chithrani
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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