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Morrison E, Carpentier S, Shaw E, Doucette S, Hanly JG. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: association with global disease activity. Lupus 2014; 23:370-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203314520843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether patients with neuropsychiatric (NP) events attributed to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have more global disease activity than patients with NP events not attributed to SLE. Methods Patients were recruited from an academic lupus clinic. Global disease activity was measured with the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and organ damage with the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) damage index (SDI). NP disease was defined using the ACR case definitions and decision rules for attribution of NP events to SLE and non-SLE causes. Results There were 68 patients (age (mean ± SD) 40.8 ± 15.2 years, 85% female, 94% Caucasians) with 126 NP events. SLEDAI-2K scores in patients with NP events attributed to SLE were higher than in patients with NP events attributed to non-SLE causes even when NP variables were removed from the SLEDAI-2K (mean ± SD: SLE NP = 7.36 ± 5.42 vs non-SLE NP = 5.53 ± 4.57, P = 0.042). Patients with CNS and diffuse NP events, rather that PNS and focal events, accounted for the group differences in SLEDAI-2K scores. There were no significant differences in total SDI scores comparing NP events due to SLE vs. non-SLE causes (mean ± SD: 2.1 ± 1.8 vs. 1.7 ± 1.7; p = 0.28) even when NP variables were omitted. Conclusions Increased global SLE disease activity is associated with concurrent NP events attributed to SLE, particularly for diffuse NP and CNS NP events. The findings have diagnostic and therapeutic implications for SLE patients with NP events and inform pathogenetic mechanisms underlying NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S Doucette
- Research Methods Unit and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology
| | - JG Hanly
- Division of Rheumatology
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Chandrasekhara PKS, Jayachandran NV, Rajasekhar L, Thomas J, Narsimulu G. The prevalence and associations of sleep disturbances in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-009-0185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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García Carrasco M, Mendoza Pinto C, López Colombo A, Méndez Martínez S, Andari Sawaya R, Muñoz Guarneros M, Vázquez De Lara L, Lescas Hernández M, Montiel Jarquín A, Ramos Álvarez G, Schmulson M. Irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms in female patients with mild systemic lupus erythematosus: frequency, related factors and quality of life. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:958-66. [PMID: 24112121 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) impairs quality of life (HRQOL), as does systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both are more common in women and are associated with fibromyalgia (FM). However, the relationship between IBS and SLE and its impact on HRQOL has not been explored. Therefore, we aimed to study the frequency and features likely to influence the presence of IBS-type symptoms in SLE and their impact on HRQOL. METHODS Female patients with SLE were studied. The presence of IBS-type symptoms and bowel habit subtype were established by Rome III criteria and HRQOL was assessed using the SF-36. Fibromyalgia and depression were assessed using the American College of Rheumatology criteria and CES-D scale, respectively. KEY RESULTS A total of 105 consecutive patients (43.62 ± 11.34 years old) were included; 48.6% had IBS-type symptoms (SLE+IBS) and were classified as IBS-C: 23.5%, IBS-D: 37.3%, and IBS-M: 39.2%. In addition, 23.8% had FM. SLE+IBS vs Non-IBS SLE patients had higher SLE activity scores (2.55 ± 1.65 vs 1.74 ± 2.19; p = 0.03), were more likely to have FM (33.0% vs 14.8%; p = 0.02) and depression (41.1% vs 25.9%, p = 0.04). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that IBS-type symptoms were associated with FM (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.11-7.43) and depression (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13). Finally, SLE+IBS vs Non-IBS SLE patients had lower SF-36 scores (49.65 ± 18.57 vs 62.67 ± 18.14; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES IBS-type symptoms are highly prevalent among women with SLE and are associated with FM and depression. SLE+IBS patients had worse HRQOL vs Non-IBS SLE, independently of FM status. We suggest that treating IBS symptoms may improve HRQOL in women with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García Carrasco
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla, México; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, México; Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, México
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Kasitanon N, Achsavalertsak U, Maneeton B, Wangkaew S, Puntana S, Sukitawut W, Louthrenoo W. Associated factors and psychotherapy on sleep disturbances in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2013; 22:1353-60. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203313507355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is a common problem in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of sleep disturbance in SLE, the factors that might be associated with sleep disturbance, and the correlation between changes in clinical parameters and sleep quality over time. Fifty-six female SLE patients from a total of 497 SLE patients (11.3%) agreed to join the study. The demographic data were recorded at baseline and the clinical data, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and other standardized assessment tools, disease activity index, quality of life (QoL), damage index, depression, anxiety and fatigue score, were assessed three times: the first visit was at baseline, the second time was one month later, and the third time was three months after the baseline. Thirty-one of these 56 patients (55.36%) were found to have sleep disturbances. All were females with their mean ± SD age of 37.5 ± 12.3 years, and disease duration at study entry of 8.6 ± 7.3 years. There was no association between sleep disturbances and demographic data, disease activity, clinical symptoms, the presence of autoantibodies and current steroid use. In multiple logistic regression analyses, only moderate to severe depression was the independent determinant of sleep disturbances, p = 0.036. During the three-month observation, with the treatment, the changing of total PSQI score showed a significantly positive correlation with depression, anxiety, pain and QoL. Sleep disturbances in Thai SLE patients were not uncommon but a correctable condition. Depression was strongly associated with sleep disturbances. Awareness of underlying depression as well as sleep disturbances in SLE patients and treating them properly improve QoL in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kasitanon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - B Maneeton
- Liaison Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - S Wangkaew
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - S Puntana
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - W Sukitawut
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - W Louthrenoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
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Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2013; 54:443-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Jorge Asano NM, de Sales Coriolano MDGW, Asano BJ, Lins OG. Comorbidades psiquiátricas em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico: uma revisão sistemática dos últimos 10 anos. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0482-50042013000500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Xu J, Cheng YQ, Chen B, Bai R, Li S, Xu XF, Xu L, Wen JF, Lu ZP, Zeng XF. Depression in systemic lupus erythematosus patients is associated with link-polymorphism but not methylation status of the 5HTT promoter region. Lupus 2013; 22:1001-10. [PMID: 23893825 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313498793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A higher prevalence of depression in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients has been reported, though the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. The present study was conducted to explore whether the polymorphism and methylation status of the serotonin transporter gene (5HTT) promoter region (PR-5HTT) contribute to depression in SLE patients from both genetic and epigenetic perspectives. In this study, 96 SLE patients and 96 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Depression levels of all subjects were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The serotonin transporter-linked polymorphism (5HTTLPR) and the DNA methylation status of PR-5HTT were detected in peripheral lymphocytes of SLE patients and HCs. The differences in 5HTTLPR and DNA methylation of PR-5HTT between SLEs and HCs were compared. In SLE patients, the frequencies of short allele (S) and SS genotype of 5HTTLPR were higher in depressive SLE (SLE-D) patients than in non-depressive SLE (SLE-ND) patients. The mean HDRS score of SS homozygote patients was higher than that of patients with SL/LL genotypes. Conversely, PR-5HTT was hypomethylated in HCs as well as SLE patients. There was no difference in the methylation status between HCs and SLEs. Thus, the functional expression of PR-5HTT may be primarily regulated by gene polymorphism and not by DNA methylation. The risk allele of 5HTTLPR appears to be a major contributor to depression in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - YQ Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - B Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - R Bai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - S Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - XF Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - L Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - JF Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - ZP Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - XF Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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kotb HA, Rady HM, Ghanim DH. Sleep disturbance in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and its relation to disease parameters. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Iwata M, Ota KT, Duman RS. The inflammasome: pathways linking psychological stress, depression, and systemic illnesses. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 31:105-14. [PMID: 23261775 PMCID: PMC4426992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a common occurrence in everyday life and repeated or traumatic stress can be a precipitating factor for illnesses of the central nervous system, as well as peripheral organ systems. For example, severe or long-term psychological stress can not only induce depression, a leading illness worldwide, but can also cause psychosomatic diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. Related key questions include how psychological stress influences both brain and peripheral systems, and what detection mechanisms underlie these effects? A clue is provided by the discovery of the pathways underlying the responses to host "danger" substances that cause systemic diseases, but can also contribute to depression. The inflammasome is a protein complex that can detect diverse danger signals and produce the accompanying immune-inflammatory reactions. Interestingly, the inflammasome can detect not only pathogen-associated molecules, but also cell damage-associated molecules such as ATP. Here, we propose a new inflammasome hypothesis of depression and related comorbid systemic illnesses. According to this hypothesis, the inflammasome is a central mediator by which psychological and physical stressors can contribute to the development of depression, and as well as a bridge to systemic diseases. This hypothesis includes an explanation for how psychological stress can influence systemic diseases, and conversely how systemic diseases can lead to psychiatric illnesses. The evidence suggests that the inflammasome may be a new target for the development of treatments for depression, as well as psychosomatic and somato-psycho diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald S. Duman
- Corresponding author. Address: Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06508, United States. (R.S. Duman)
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The correlations of disease activity, socioeconomic status, quality of life, and depression/anxiety in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:270878. [PMID: 23864877 PMCID: PMC3705842 DOI: 10.1155/2013/270878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of psychological problems is frequent in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and appears to be increasing. The current study investigated the relationship among disease parameters, quality of life, and the psychological status in Chinese patients with SLE. A self-report survey design was administered to 170 SLE patients and 210 healthy individuals using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Short Form 36 health survey (SF-36). Our results showed that 20.3% SLE patients had anxiety, and 32.9% had depression, which were significantly higher than the control group (7.1%, 14.3%, resp.). And there were significant correlations among socioeconomic status (SES), disease activity, and anxiety/depression in SLE patients. Meanwhile, SF-36 analysis results revealed that VT, PF, and RP scales were the most powerful predictors of anxiety of SLE patients, and SLEDAI, VT, PF, SF, and RE domains were significantly accounted for anxiety. In summary, there were significant relationships among disease parameters, quality of life, and anxiety/depression in Chinese SLE patients. Therefore, it is necessary to have psychiatric and psychological evaluations and formulate an integrated approach for managing mental health in Chinese lupus patients, especially those who have high disease activity, low SES, and poor quality of life.
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Uguz F, Kucuk A, Cicek E, Kayhan F, Tunc R. Mood, anxiety and personality disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Compr Psychiatry 2013; 54:341-5. [PMID: 23246099 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study presents the current prevalence of mood, anxiety and personality disorders and factors associated with the existence of psychiatric disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS The study sample was comprised of 45 patients with SLE and 60 control subjects. Mood and anxiety disorders were ascertained by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition/Clinical Version. Personality disorders were diagnosed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, Revised Third Edition Personality Disorders. The disease activity was assessed with SLE Disease Activity Index. RESULTS Of the 45 patients, 21 (46.7%) had at least one mood or anxiety disorder, and 16 (35.6%) had at least one personality disorder. The most common Axis I and Axis II diagnoses in the patient group were major depression (22.2%) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (20.0%), respectively. Specifically, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder were more prevalent in the SLE group compared to the control group. The existence of Axis I disorders was associated with a more severe disease activity of SLE. CONCLUSION Mood and anxiety disorders, particularly major depression and generalized anxiety disorder, are frequently observed in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Uguz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
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Brown RT, Shaftman SR, Tilley BC, Anthony KK, Kral MC, Maxson B, Mee L, Bonner MJ, Vogler LB, Schanberg LE, Connelly MA, Wagner JL, Silver RM, Nietert PJ. The health education for lupus study: a randomized controlled cognitive-behavioral intervention targeting psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in adolescent females with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med Sci 2013; 344:274-82. [PMID: 22996139 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3182449be9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To examine in a randomize controlled feasibility clinical trial the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to manage pain, enhance disease adjustment and adaptation and improve quality of life among female adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS Female adolescents (n = 53) ranging in age from 12 to 18 years were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups including a cognitive-behavioral intervention, an education-only arm and a no-contact control group. Participants were assessed at baseline, postintervention and at 3- and 6-month intervals after completion of the intervention. RESULTS No significant differences were revealed among the 3 treatment arms for any of the dependent measures at any of the assessment points. For the mediator variables, a posthoc secondary analysis did reveal increases in coping skills from baseline to postintervention among the participants in the cognitive-behavioral intervention group compared with both the no-contact control group and the education-only group. CONCLUSION Although no differences were detected in the primary outcome, a possible effect on coping of female adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus was detected in this feasibility study. Whether the impact of training in the area of coping was of sufficient magnitude to generalize to other areas of functioning, such as adjustment and adaptation, is unclear. Future phase III randomized trials will be needed to assess additional coping models and to evaluate the dose of training and its influence on pain management, adjustment and health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald T Brown
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Hung YP, Liu CJ, Tsai CF, Hung MH, Tzeng CH, Liu CY, Chen TJ. Incidence and risk of mood disorders in patients with breast cancers in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study. Psychooncology 2013; 22:2227-34. [PMID: 23463734 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the incidence and risk of mood disorders, including major depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorders, in Taiwanese patients after the diagnosis of breast cancer compared with a matched cohort. METHODS From January 2000 to December 2005, 26,629 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were enrolled by the Taiwan National Health Insurance program database. The control cohort was selected randomly from 1,000,000 National Health Insurance beneficiaries from a population of 21,400,826 enrolled throughout Taiwan. Each patient was matched with one subject without breast cancer by age, sex, and presence of comorbidities with the same diagnosis index date. The diagnosis of mood disorders was defined by compatible International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification codes plus the prescription of antidepressants for at least 30 days. RESULTS The overall incidence rate ratio of mood disorders was 1.33 (95% CI 1.28-1.39, p < 0.001) in the breast cancer cohort compared with the matched cohort. The incidence rate ratios for specific mood disorders were 2.06 for bipolar disorder (95% CI 1.37-3.15 p = 0.0003), 1.94 for major depressive disorder (95% CI 1.76-2.13 p < 0.001), and 1.22 for anxiety (95% CI 1.16-1.27 p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for developing mood disorders included breast cancer, as well as age, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune disease, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer is a prominent risk factor for mood disorders, including major depressive disorder, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. The impact is most potent in the first year after diagnosis. Psychological support is a critical issue in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Hung
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Tsai
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hsin Hung
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hwai Tzeng
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sehlo MG, Bahlas SM. Perceived illness stigma is associated with depression in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Psychosom Res 2013; 74:248-51. [PMID: 23438717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1) To assess the prevalence of depression in a sample of female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 2) To evaluate the association between perceived illness stigma and depression in those patients. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 80 female SLE patients were evaluated for the presence of depression and perceived illness stigma. Depression was diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis Ι disorders, clinical version (SCID-I-CV), the severity of the depressive symptoms was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression Subscale (HADS-D), and the stigma of illness was assessed using the Stigma Impact Scale (SIS). RESULTS The prevalence of depression among female SLE patients was 18.75% (15/80). The perceived illness stigma was higher among the depressed group than among the non-depressed group (SIS mean scores were 43.87±7.87 and 26.62±3.79 respectively P<.001), there was a significant positive correlation between SIS and HAD-D scores (r=0.73, P=.002), and there was a significant association between perceived illness stigma and diagnosis of depression (R(2)=0.53, P=.002, odds ratio=3.2), which increased the severity of depressive symptoms (R(2)=0.64, P<.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a significant association between illness stigma and depression in female SLE patients which may be important in promoting optimal coping for these women .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad G Sehlo
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Maneeton B, Maneeton N, Louthrenoo W. Prevalence and predictors of depression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2013; 9:799-804. [PMID: 23766649 PMCID: PMC3678948 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s44248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and examine the predictors of depression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the rheumatology clinic of a university hospital. All SLE patients that met the revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification were included in the study. Sociodemographic data and medications were recorded. Disease activity for SLE was assessed with the Mexican-SLE Disease Activity Index (Mex-SLEDAI). All subjects were screened for anxiety and depression by using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the 17-item version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine predictors of depressive disorder. RESULTS A total of 62 SLE (61 females and 1 male) patients participated in the study. Based on HAM-D17 and HAM-A, rates of depression and anxiety in SLE patients were 45.2% and 37.1%, respectively. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that HAM-A score and younger age were significant predictors of depression in SLE patients. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that depression and anxiety are common in SLE patients. In addition, higher levels of anxiety and a younger age may increase the risk of depression. Because of the small sample size, further studies should be conducted to confirm these results.
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Kotsis K, Voulgari PV, Tsifetaki N, Machado MO, Carvalho AF, Creed F, Drosos AA, Hyphantis T. Anxiety and depressive symptoms and illness perceptions in psoriatic arthritis and associations with physical health-related quality of life. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64:1593-601. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.21725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hassett AL, Li T, Radvanski DC, Savage SV, Buyske S, Schiff SA, Katz PP. Assessment of health-related family role functioning in systemic lupus erythematosus: Preliminary validation of a new measure. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64:1341-8. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.21676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cognitive and Emotional Abnormalities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Evidence for Amygdala Dysfunction. Neuropsychol Rev 2012; 22:252-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-012-9213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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69
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Lefèvre G, Zéphir H, Warembourg F, Michelin E, Pruvo JP, Hachulla E, Semah F, Dubucquoi S, Lenfant P, Vermersch P, Hatron PY, Prin L, Launay D. [Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (1st part). Cases definitions and diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system and psychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus]. Rev Med Interne 2012; 33:491-502. [PMID: 22579860 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2012.03.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, which primarily affects skin and joints. Peripheral neurologic syndrome and central nervous system (CNS) manifestations are common in lupus patients but are not always attributable to lupus itself. A classification, published in 1999 by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) research committee, described 12 CNS syndromes and seven peripheral neurologic syndromes compatible with "neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus" (NPSLE). Despite this consensus, studies which have been published since 1999 have reported a prevalence of NPSLE varying from 20 to 97 %, which shows the diagnosis difficulty and the heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric manifestations in SLE. In order to understand the limits of this classification, we propose in this first part an exhaustive review of publications describing neuropsychiatric manifestations according to the ACR 1999 classification. We also detail case definitions, prevalence and risk factors, clinical characteristics and diagnosis of each lupus-related psychiatric and CNS manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lefèvre
- Service de médecine interne, université de Lille Nord-de-France, centre de référence maladies auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie), hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU de Lille, 1, rue Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille, France; EA2686, Institut d'immunologie, université Lille Nord-de-France, faculté de médecine H.-Warembourg, 59037 Lille, France
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70
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Psychiatric disorders in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xme.0000407897.01230.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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71
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Auerbach C, Beckerman NL. Locus of control and lupus: patients' beliefs, perspectives, and disease activity. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2012; 51:613-626. [PMID: 22905977 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2012.683685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with lupus often experience a high degree of psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and mood disorders that can influence their beliefs and perceptions of their illness. The purpose of the study was to examine how a patient's self-reported psychosocial needs (depression and anxiety) and beliefs about how much control they have over their health (health locus of control) influences their perception of disease chronicity and acuity. The study findings were based on a survey of 378 patients self-diagnosed with lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Auerbach
- Wurzweiler School of Social Work, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10033, USA.
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72
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Greco CM, Li T, Sattar A, Kao AH, Danchenko N, Edmundowicz D, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Tracy RP, Kuller LH, Manzi S. Association between depression and vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2011; 39:262-8. [PMID: 22174200 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression. Although depression may contribute to CVD risk in population-based studies, its influence on cardiovascular morbidity in SLE has not been evaluated. We evaluated the association between depression and vascular disease in SLE. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2002-2005 in 161 women with SLE and without CVD. The primary outcome measure was a composite vascular disease marker consisting of the presence of coronary artery calcium and/or carotid artery plaque. RESULTS In total, 101 women met criteria for vascular disease. In unadjusted analyses, several traditional cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers, adiposity, SLE disease-related factors, and depression were associated with vascular disease. In the final multivariable model, the psychological variable depression was associated with nearly 4-fold higher odds for vascular disease (OR 3.85, 95% CI 1.37, 10.87) when adjusted for other risk factors of age, lower education level, hypertensive status, waist-hip ratio, and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION In SLE, depression is independently associated with vascular disease, along with physical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Greco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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73
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Angell J, Bryant M, Tu H, Goodman M, Pattaras J, Ogan K. Association of depression and urolithiasis. Urology 2011; 79:518-25. [PMID: 22136748 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the hypothesis that patients with urolithiasis would have a higher prevalence of depression compared to the general population. Urolithiasis is associated with frequent recurrences. Patients with urolithiasis may develop a chronic condition associated with poor quality of life and depression. The frequency and severity of stones episodes would relate to depression. METHODS In an institutional review board-approved study; we prospectively recruited 115 patients who were evaluated for urolithiasis. Patients completed an Emory stone questionnaire covering demographics and a validated CES-D depression questionnaire. Depression scores were compared with U.S. norms. Demographics and clinical variables were analyzed. RESULTS On the CES-D depression questionnaire 30.4% of patients scored ≥ 16, a "significant level of physiological distress." The U.S. lifetime prevalence of depression was 16.5%. Determinants of depression included the following: family history of urolithiasis (OR = 3.49, CI = 1.51; 8.07), stone episode within the last 12 months (OR = 2.77, CI = 1.18; 6.53), and >1 emergency room visits for stone disease (OR = 2.61, CI = 1.14; 5.99). Patients with Charlson comorbidity indexes of ≤ 1 were more likely to be depressed than those scoring >1 (OR 2.89, CI = 1.20; 6.95). There were no significant associations with age at first stone, number of lifetime stones, number of surgeries, number of workdays missed, and need for dietary modifications or medications for stone prevention. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression in our patient cohort with urolithiasis was substantially greater than societal norms. Multiple stone-related factors were associated with significant psychological distress. Appreciation of this issue may allow better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Angell
- Department of Urology and Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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74
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Cal SFLDM. Revisão da literatura sobre a eficácia da intervenção psicológica no tratamento do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-37722011000400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Manifestações neuropsiquiátricas são comuns no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), especialmente depressão, ansiedade e psicose. O estresse psicológico e o uso de corticóide têm sido responsabilizados pelas manifestações psicopatológicas. Objetivou-se realizar revisão de literatura sobre a eficácia da intervenção psicológica no tratamento do LES, utilizando-se pesquisas em bases de dados, através dos descritores "psychotherapy" and "lupus", incluindo-se os ensaios clínicos randomizados e os estudos prospectivos. Foram encontrados seis artigos, sendo quatro ensaios clínicos randomizados e dois estudos prospectivos. Cinco artigos encontraram evidências de acentuada melhora nos pacientes que tinham acompanhamento psicológico e apenas um não encontrou tal evidência. Concluiu-se que a intervenção psicológica pode ser uma ferramenta importante no tratamento do LES.
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75
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The relationship between alexithymia and psychological factors in systemic lupus erythematosus. Compr Psychiatry 2011; 52:754-62. [PMID: 21193176 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alexithymia has been described as an important dimension in several medical diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic condition characterized by unpredictable clinical manifestations. Our aim is to reveal which factors (psychological factors and quality of life dimensions) are associated with alexithymia in SLE patients. METHODS Fifty-three sequential SLE patients (ACR criteria) and 41 asthma patients were studied by means of validated scales for alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale), psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), personality dimensions (NEO-FFI), and quality of life (Short Form-36 Health Survey). Systemic lupus erythematosus patient's clinical and laboratorial evaluation was performed by indicators of activity (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index) of accumulated damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index), length of disease, and therapy. RESULTS An association between alexithymia and psychopathological symptoms, and personality and quality of life dimensions was found. By means of multiple regression analysis, openness and depression were the 2 predictors for alexithymia in SLE patients. We found a high prevalence rate of alexithymia in SLE patients; however, when controlling for depression symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression, <7), we found a lower percentage of alexithymic traits than that of the total sample of SLE. CONCLUSION Alexithymia was associated with psychological distress and with quality of life impairment. Understanding the role of psychological factors in SLE patients may contribute to a more comprehensive perspective of the disease, its impact on patient's daily routine, and how patients adapt emotionally to a chronic disease.
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76
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Hyphantis T, Kotsis K, Voulgari PV, Tsifetaki N, Creed F, Drosos AA. Diagnostic accuracy, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the Greek version of the patient health questionnaire 9 in diagnosing depression in rheumatologic disorders. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011; 63:1313-21. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.20505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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77
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Julian LJ, Gregorich SE, Tonner C, Yazdany J, Trupin L, Criswell LA, Yelin E, Katz PP. Using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to screen for depression in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011; 63:884-90. [PMID: 21312347 DOI: 10.1002/acr.20447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying persons with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at risk for depression would facilitate the identification and treatment of an important comorbidity conferring additional risk for poor outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of a brief screening measure, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), in detecting mood disorders in persons with SLE. METHODS This cross-sectional study examined 150 persons with SLE. Screening cut points were empirically derived using threshold selection methods, and receiver operating characteristic curves were estimated. The empirically derived cut points of the CES-D were used as the screening measures and were compared to other commonly used CES-D cut points in addition to other commonly used methods to screen for depression. Diagnoses of major depressive disorder or other mood disorders were determined using a "gold standard" structured clinical interview. RESULTS Of the 150 persons with SLE, 26% of subjects met criteria for any mood disorder and 17% met criteria for major depressive disorder. Optimal threshold estimations suggested a CES-D cut score of 24 and above, which yielded adequate sensitivity and specificity in detecting major depressive disorder (88% and 93%, respectively) and correctly classified 92% of participants. To detect the presence of any mood disorder, a cut score of 20 and above was suggested, yielding sensitivity and specificity of 87% and correctly classifying 87%. CONCLUSION These results suggest the CES-D may be a useful screening measure to identify patients at risk for depression.
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78
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Julian LJ, Tonner C, Yelin E, Yazdany J, Trupin L, Criswell LA, Katz PP. Cardiovascular and disease-related predictors of depression in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011; 63:542-9. [PMID: 21452266 DOI: 10.1002/acr.20426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and cardiovascular disease are common and debilitating comorbidities associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, history of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular risk factors, and SLE disease-related factors were evaluated as longitudinal predictors of depression in a large cohort of patients with SLE. METHODS Data were derived from 663 adult participants in the 2004-2008 Lupus Outcomes Study, who were followed for up to 5 annual interviews. Multivariate logistic regression analyses using generalized estimating equations were used to determine predictors of the development of increased depressive symptom severity over a 12-month period (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D] score of 23 or greater), yielding 2,224 paired observations. Predictors included sociodemographics, traditional cardiovascular risk factors (reported presence of heart disease, history of stroke or myocardial infarction, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking status, and family history), and SLE-specific risk factors (glucocorticoid use, renal involvement, disease duration, and disease activity). RESULTS The annual incidence of depression was 12% in this cohort. Multivariate predictors of new-onset depression included younger age (ages 20-39 years: odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.3-3.9; ages 40-59 years: OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.7), Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.8), having some college education (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0), baseline CES-D score (OR per point 1.1, 95% CI 1.1-1.2), presence of diabetes mellitus (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and baseline SLE disease activity (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4). CONCLUSION These results suggest that, in addition to known sociodemographic factors, the presence of diabetes mellitus and SLE disease activity may play a role in the development of depression in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 270, San Francisco, CA 94143-0920, USA.
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79
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Shehata GA, Elserogy YM, Ahmad HEK, Abdel-Kareem MI, Al-Kabeer AM, Rayan MM, El-Baky MEA. Multimodal neurophysiological and psychometric evaluation among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Gen Med 2011; 4:325-32. [PMID: 21674025 PMCID: PMC3108200 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s16492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine some of the neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by applying multimodal neurophysiological and psychometric studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-six SLE patients were evaluated for neurological and psychiatric disorders and compared with 26 healthy controls matched for age, sex, education, and social class. The severity of SLE disease was assessed. Each subject was subjected to the following examinations: laboratory, neurophysiology, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, transcranial duplex, Modified Mini-mental State Examination, Cognitive Assessment Scale Inventory, Hamilton Depression Scale, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. RESULTS The mean age of subjects was 25.9 ± 8.9 years. The most prevalent neurological manifestations were (in order of frequency) anxiety in 17 cases (65.4%), depression in 15 cases (57.7%), headache in 10 cases (38.5%), peripheral neuropathy in 7 cases (26.9%), seizures in 6 cases (23.1%), psychosis in 5 cases (19.2%), dementia in 4 cases (15.4%), radiculopathy in 4 cases (15.4%), myositis in 3 cases (11.5%), and stroke in 2 cases (7.7%). There was a significant affection in amplitude of the ulnar nerve, cognitive function impairment, and electroencephalography changes. There was a significant increased mean velocity and decreased Pulsatility Index of the most studied intracranial vessels in the patients. CONCLUSION The use of multimodal neurophysiological, transcranial duplex, and psychometric scales increases the sensitivity for detecting nervous system involvement.
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80
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Aszalós Z. [Neurological and psychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome]. Orv Hetil 2011; 152:597-605. [PMID: 21436024 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2011.29087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurological or psychiatric symptoms are present in 60% of the cases with systemic lupus erythematosus. Direct lesions of nervous system are associated with the presence of antibodies, vasculitis, thrombosis and impairments mediated by cytokines. Damages caused by injuries of other organs or those due to therapy are known as indirect causes. In the complex pathogenesis the primary cause is neuronal dysfunction mediated by autoantibodies, vasculopathia and coagulopathia. Until now, more than 20 antibodies have been identified in association with damages of the nervous system. These antibodies may impair neurons or astrocytes and may promote thrombotic processes in vessels of the brain. Activation of endothelial cells and disturbance of blood-brain barrier are also pathogenic factors. In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus the most frequent psychiatric manifestations are organic psychosyndrome, particularly deterioration of cognitive functions, and depression, while the most common neurological syndromes are epilepsy and ischemic stroke. In the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome β2-glycoprotein I plays the most important role; binding to its antibody the complex may interact with cells and modify haemostatic actions. The most frequent neurological manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome are headache and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Aszalós
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Szentkirályi u. 46. 1088.
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81
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Xu J, Zhang GL, Cheng YQ, Chen B, Dong Y, Li LQ, Xu L, Xu XF, Lu ZP, Wen JF. Hypomethylation of the HTR1A promoter region and high expression of HTR1A in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2011; 20:678-89. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203310394892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - GL Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - YQ Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - B Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - LQ Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - L Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Mental Health Institute, the 2nd Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - XF Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - ZP Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - JF Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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82
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Zakeri Z, Shakiba M, Narouie B, Mladkova N, Ghasemi-Rad M, Khosravi A. Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Iranian experience. Rheumatol Int 2011; 32:1179-87. [PMID: 21253731 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders including depression represent clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recognition of depression in SLE patients is of utmost importance since it is treatable and can be of fatal consequences if unrecognized. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in SLE patients in terms of age, gender, disease duration and severity, and duration of steroid treatment in SLE patients. Eighty-five SLE patients (77 women, 8 men) with verified SLE diagnosis completed Beck's depression inventory, a self-reported measure of depression. Clinical data on disease and treatment were obtained from patient files. In total, 60% of patients achieved scores indicating depression. The most common depressive symptoms in participants were fatigue and weakness (88.2%), irritability (82.3%), sadness (77.6%), and somatic preoccupation (76.4%), while the least common symptoms were weight loss (34.1%), low level of energy (28.2%), and suicide ideation (10.5%). There was a significant difference between the disease activity and the severity of depression (P = 0.0001). Our findings show higher prevalence of depression in our sample in comparison with previous studies, suggesting that the prevalence of depression varies across different populations. Severity of depression increases with more severe disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zakeri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-ebne-Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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Abstract
Epidemiologic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors play an important role in health care and handling of patients with the various clinical forms of lupus erythematosus (LE). Patients with LE are mostly young women; adolescents and some ethnic groups are especially prone to a severe course of disease. The unpredictable and fluctuating flares of disease, the need for longterm treatment, and the side effects and damage caused by the disease itself severely reduce quality of life. Problems arise, involving family members, adherence to medical advice and therapy, communication and self management. Socioeconomically, patients are often unable to take regular employment and to pay for health insurance. Stress factors that arise have a negative impact on the course of disease, increasing both fatigue and the basic burden of illness. Healthcare professionals must pay careful attention to all these items, as they attempt to treat flares, minimize drug side effects, provide pain relief, arrange communication and exercise programs along with behavioral and psychosocial interventions in multidisciplinary cooperation, and also involve and support family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aberer
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbrugger Platz 8, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
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84
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Jarpa E, Babul M, Calderón J, González M, Martínez ME, Bravo-Zehnder M, Henríquez C, Jacobelli S, González A, Massardo L. Common mental disorders and psychological distress in systemic lupus erythematosus are not associated with disease activity. Lupus 2010; 20:58-66. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203310381773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric diagnosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is controversial: variations have been reported in frequency, diagnostic assays, associations with disease activity, autoantibodies, and contributing social factors. Eighty-three consecutive non-selected Chilean patients with SLE were evaluated for: (i) 26 common mental disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-plus); (ii) psychological suffering measured by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); (iii) ACR 1999 neuropsychiatric (NP)SLE criteria; (iv) SLE disease activity (SLEDAI-2K); (v) cumulative damage (SLICC/ACR); and (vi) anti-ribosomal P antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassay and immunoblot. Psychiatric diagnoses occurred in 44.6% of patients; the most frequent (21.7%) was major depressive episode (MDE). No association with lupus activity was observed in patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis or MDE or psychological suffering. ACR 1999 NPSLE criteria were present in 42.2% of patients, the majority corresponding to mood (28.9%) or anxiety disorders (15.6%). Suicidal risk was present in 9.6% of patients. Anti-ribosomal P antibodies (13.3%) were not associated with DSM-IV diagnosis. Severe psychiatric disorders in SLE are common and not associated with disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jarpa
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology
| | - M Babul
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine
| | - J Calderón
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine
| | - M González
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine
| | - ME Martínez
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology
| | - M Bravo-Zehnder
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology
- Center of Cell Regulation and Pathology, Center of Aging and Regeneration, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Henríquez
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology
| | - S Jacobelli
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology
| | - A González
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology
- Center of Cell Regulation and Pathology, Center of Aging and Regeneration, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Massardo
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology
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85
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Carr FN, Nicassio PM, Ishimori ML, Moldovan I, Katsaros E, Torralba K, Shinada S, Cooray D, Wallace DJ, Finck S, Jolly M, Wilson AL, Weisman MH. Depression predicts self-reported disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2010; 20:80-4. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203310378672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can significantly impact both physiological and psychological functioning. In order to examine the relationship between psychological functioning and disease activity in SLE, we administered instruments that collected sociodemographic information and measured indices of disease activity and psychosocial functioning from 125 adult Hispanic and White patients with SLE. Patients were recruited from four healthcare settings in the greater Southern California area. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between depression and disease activity were evaluated. Cross-sectional findings revealed that depression and ethnicity were independently correlated with self-reported disease activity. Longitudinally, depression alone predicted self-reported disease activity. These data suggest that depression may play a significant role in the health status of SLE patients and serve as an important target for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- FN Carr
- California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - PM Nicassio
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - ML Ishimori
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - I Moldovan
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - E Katsaros
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - K Torralba
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S Shinada
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - D Cooray
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - DJ Wallace
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S Finck
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - M Jolly
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - AL Wilson
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - MH Weisman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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86
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Duvdevany I, Cohen M, Minsker-Valtzer A, Lorber M. Psychological correlates of adherence to self-care, disease activity and functioning in persons with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2010; 20:14-22. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203310378667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of Sense of Coherence (SOC), emotional distress and treatment adherence on disease activity and functioning level of persons with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). One hundred persons with SLE, aged 18–60, participated in the study. They responded to the SOC scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale (emotional distress) and to questionnaires about adherence to treatment, level of functioning and disease activity. The results show a moderate level of disease activity and everyday functioning, as well as moderate levels of emotional distress. Income, emotional distress and adherence significantly predicted the levels of functioning ( p < 0.001), while income and emotional distress significantly predicted the levels of disease activity only ( p < 0.001). SOC was significantly associated with higher level of functioning ( p < 0.001) and lower disease activity ( p < 0.01), while emotional distress, but not treatment adherence, highly mediated these relationships. The results emphasize the associations of emotional distress and SOC with severity of the symptoms and level of functioning, and the associations between SOC and adherence to treatment. Further confirmation of the results with larger samples and longitudinal designs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Duvdevany
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel
| | - M Cohen
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel
| | - A Minsker-Valtzer
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel
| | - M Lorber
- Autoimmune Disease Unit, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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87
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Petri M, Naqibuddin M, Carson KA, Wallace DJ, Weisman MH, Holliday SL, Sampedro M, Padilla PA, Brey RL. Depression and cognitive impairment in newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2010; 37:2032-8. [PMID: 20634244 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.091366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment is present in 80% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 10 years after diagnosis. The natural history of cognitive dysfunction in newly diagnosed SLE is unknown. We examined the association of depression and cognitive performance in newly diagnosed SLE. METHODS A multicenter cohort of 111 patients newly diagnosed (within 9 months) with SLE underwent cognitive function testing using an automated battery [Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM)] with 9 subtests. Depression was measured using the Calgary Depression Scale (CDS). RESULTS The patient cohort was 97.3% female, 55.9% white, 15.3% African American, 20.7% Hispanic, mean age 37.8 years, mean education 15.2 years. CDS score ranged from 0 to 18 (mean 5.0 ± 4.6). CDS score did not differ by age, sex, ethnicity, or prednisone dose. Higher Krupp Fatigue Severity Scale scores and presence of fibromyalgia were significantly associated with higher CDS score (p < 0.001; p = 0.006, respectively). Depressed patients, defined by a CDS score > 6, had significantly poorer performance on 5 ANAM throughput measures: code substitution (p = 0.03), continuous performance (p = 0.02), matching-to-sample (p = 0.04), simple reaction time (p = 0.02), and the Sternberg memory test (p = 0.04). Adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education, and prednisone dose, a higher CDS score remained significantly associated with poorer performance on 3 measures, but the association was slightly attenuated for code substitution and matching-to-sample. Depression was not associated with mathematical or spatial processing. CONCLUSION Depression, a modifiable risk factor, is associated with significantly poorer function in several cognitive domains in patients newly diagnosed with SLE. Treatment of depression when the CDS score is greater than 6 may improve cognitive functioning and should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Petri
- Johns Hopkins University, Suite 7500, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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88
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Shehata GA, Abdel-Kareem MI, Yassin AEN, El Adl AHR. Subclinical cerebrovascular cognitive function, and mood changes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Open Access Rheumatol 2010; 2:17-25. [PMID: 27789993 PMCID: PMC5074773 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s9711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, cerebral atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and explore the relation between transcranial duplex findings of different intracranial vessels with neuropsychiatric affect, and Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI). METHODS Twenty-six consecutive SLE patients were evaluated for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Another 26 subjects matched with respect to age, sex, education, and socioeconomic status formed the control group. SLE disease activity was assessed by the SLEDAI. For each participant, a complete medical history was obtained and clinical, laboratory, and neurophysiological examinations, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, transcranial duplex for intracranial vessels, and psychometric evaluations were performed. For the psychometric evaluation, we used the Modified Mini-mental State Examination and Cognitive Assessment Scale Inventory to assess cognitive function, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety. RESULTS Anxiety in 65.4% is the most prevalent manifestation followed by depression in 57.7%, headache in 38.5%, peripheral neuropathy in 26.9%, seizures in 23.1%, psychosis in 19.2%, radiculopathy and dementia in 15.4% for each, myositis in 11.5%, and stroke in 7.7%. There was a significant increased mean velocity and decreased pulsatility index of most studied intracranial vessels in both patient groups than in the control group. There was significant negative correlation between SLEDAI and transcranial Doppler findings in the pulsatility index of medial circumflex artery and procoagulant activity. CONCLUSION Neurological disorders, cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, psychosis and cerebrovascular changes detected by transcranial Doppler ultrasound are common in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaydaa A Shehata
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Abd ellah N Yassin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Hamid R El Adl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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89
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Crupi R, Cambiaghi M, Spatz L, Hen R, Thorn M, Friedman E, Vita G, Battaglia F. Reduced adult neurogenesis and altered emotional behaviors in autoimmune-prone B-cell activating factor transgenic mice. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 67:558-66. [PMID: 20185032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been postulated that brain inflammatory processes associated with autoimmune diseases may be causative factors in emotional disorders. Accordingly, we examined emotional behaviors in autoimmune-prone cytokine B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) transgenic mice, a model of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome. METHODS Male BAFF transgenic mice were examined on a series of standard laboratory assays of emotionality. Mice were also tested for brain inflammation, stress-induced c-Fos expression, hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation, and hippocampal neurogenesis-dependent and neurogenesis-independent long-term potentiation (LTP). RESULTS Our study revealed that older BAFF transgenic mice exhibit an anxiety-like phenotype associated with brain inflammation. Furthermore, anxious mice display an abnormal neuronal activation within the limbic system in response to mild anxiogenic stimuli. Proliferation of newly formed neurons in the subgranular zone of adult hippocampus was significantly decreased in anxious BAFF transgenic mice that also showed impaired neurogenesis-dependent and neurogenesis-independent dentate gyrus LTP. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that anxiety associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome can be linked to brain inflammation, impaired neurogenesis, and hippocampal plasticity. BAFF transgenic mice can be used in future studies to test compounds of therapeutic value for the treatment of mood disorders associated with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, City University of New York Medical School, New York, New York, USA
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90
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Chen P, Jiang T, Ouyang J, Chen Y. Depression, another autoimmune disease from the view of autoantibodies. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:508-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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91
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Chandrasekhara PKS, Jayachandran NV, Rajasekhar L, Thomas J, Narsimulu G. The prevalence and associations of sleep disturbances in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Mod Rheumatol 2009; 19:407-15. [PMID: 19521744 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-009-0185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze sleep complaints in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine its prevalence and associations. Fifty outpatients with SLE and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in both cases and controls. Depressed mood, functional disability and pain severity were assessed in patients using standardized questionnaires. Disease severity, cumulative damage and presence of fibromyalgia were determined by clinical examination. Bivariate associations between sleep quality and disease-related variables as well as demographic variables were calculated. A series of hierarchical regression analyses were computed to determine the independent determinant of sleep quality. PSQI scores were significantly higher in patients with SLE. Prevalence of sleep disturbance was 62%. Functional disability, disease activity and depressed mood correlated positively with sleep disturbances. 36% of the patients satisfied ACR criteria for fibromyalgia. In multiple regression analyses disease activity was found to be an independent determinant of sleep quality. The prevalence of poor sleep quality in patients with SLE was higher than it is generally perceived to be. Functional disability, disease activity and depressed mood contributed significantly to sleep disturbances in SLE.
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92
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Greco CM, Kao AH, Sattar A, Danchenko N, Maksimowicz-McKinnon KM, Edmundowicz D, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Tracy RP, Kuller LH, Manzi S. Association between depression and coronary artery calcification in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 48:576-81. [PMID: 19286698 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the associations between depression, cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in women with SLE and controls. METHODS CAC was measured using electron-beam CT (EBCT). Traditional, inflammatory and lupus-related risk factors as well as depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-CES-D) were measured at a single study visit in 161 women with SLE and 161 age- and race frequency-matched female healthy controls. RESULTS Women with SLE reported more depressive symptoms than controls, with 27% of SLE and 15% of controls having CES-D scores suggestive of clinical depression. SLE women were more likely to have CAC, as well as more severe CAC compared with controls. Among the SLE women, depression was associated with greater than 2-fold odds of having any CAC [odds ratio (OR) 2.48; 95% CI 1.05, 5.87; P = 0.04], independent of traditional risk factors (age, hypertension and triglycerides) and inflammatory markers. However, when BMI was included among the covariates, the association between depression and CAC was attenuated, indicating the potential mediating role of BMI. Depression was not a risk factor for CAC in controls. CONCLUSIONS In women with SLE, depression was associated with CAC. This association was mediated by BMI. Depression and adiposity may add to the inflammatory burden of SLE, thus contributing to cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Greco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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93
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Zhu TY, Tam LS, Lee VWY, Lee KK, Li EK. Systemic lupus erythematosus with neuropsychiatric manifestation incurs high disease costs: a cost-of-illness study in Hong Kong. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 48:564-8. [PMID: 19269959 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the direct and indirect costs of SLE in Hong Kong, and to ascertain the relationship between neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) and disease costs. METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional, non-randomized cost-of-illness study was performed in a tertiary rheumatology specialty centre in Hong Kong. Participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographics, employment status and out-of-pocket expenses. Healthcare resources consumption was recorded by chart review. The occurrence of NPSLE since onset of SLE was determined using the 1999 ACR nomenclature and standard definitions. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare disease costs between patients with and without NPSLE. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the predictors of the costs. RESULTS Three hundred and six Chinese patients were recruited, with a mean age of 41 years and mean disease duration of 9.6 years. A total of 108 NPSLE events were recorded by 83 patients. The most common manifestations were seizure and cardiovascular disease. The mean annual total costs were USD 13,307 per patient. The direct costs dominated the total costs, and the costs of inpatient care contributed 52% of the direct costs. Patients with NPSLE incurred significantly higher direct and indirect costs compared with those without NPSLE. The number of NPSLE events was an independent explanatory variable associated with both direct and indirect costs. CONCLUSION The economic impact of SLE in Hong Kong is considerable and patients with NPSLE incur higher disease costs compared with those without NPSLE. Improvement in prevention of end-organ damage, especially neuropsychiatric manifestation, may reduce costs of SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Y Zhu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
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94
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Mesquita AR, Correia-Neves M, Roque S, Castro AG, Vieira P, Pedrosa J, Palha JA, Sousa N. IL-10 modulates depressive-like behavior. J Psychiatr Res 2008; 43:89-97. [PMID: 18394646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in psychiatric disorders has been the focus of great research attention in recent years. Paradoxically, the same is not true for anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we assessed the behavioral profile of animals with altered expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. We performed a battery of tests to assess anxiety, depressive-like and cognitive behaviors in mice overexpressing IL-10 (PMT10) and IL-10(-/-) animals; in the later mice we also tested the behavioral effect of IL-10 administration. In the forced-swimming test, IL-10(-/-) females displayed increased depressive-like behavior; importantly, this phenotype was reverted by the injection of IL-10. Moreover, mice overexpressing IL-10 presented a decreased depressive-like behavior. Despite the presence of a similar trend, male animals did not reach significant differences in depressive-like behavior. Assessment in the open-field showed that the absence of IL-10 decreased the percentage of time spent in the center of the arena in both male and female mice, while male animals overexpressing IL-10 revealed an opposite behavior. For both sexes, imbalance in IL-10 levels did not affect spatial reference memory. In conclusion, variations in IL-10 expression are associated with an altered depressive-like behavior, but do not influence cognitive performance. Interestingly, IL-10 imbalance produced more profound behavioral changes in females than in male animals. This is in accordance with clinical data demonstrating an increased susceptibility of women to mood disorders, suggesting an interplay between anti-inflammatory cytokines and sexual steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Mesquita
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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95
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Nery FG, Borba EF, Viana VST, Hatch JP, Soares JC, Bonfá E, Neto FL. Prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus and their association with anti-ribosomal P antibodies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:695-700. [PMID: 18077068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and explore their association with anti-ribosomal P (anti-P) antibodies. METHODS Seventy-one consecutive female SLE patients without neurological manifestations were evaluated for psychiatric disorders using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Anti-P antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)/immunoblot analysis. RESULTS The mean age of subjects was 34.8 years (SD: 10.1 years), and the mean duration of SLE was 9.8 years (SD: 6.5 years). The 30-day prevalences of psychiatric disorders were: mood disorders 26.8%, anxiety disorders 46.5%, adjustment disorders 8.4%, alcohol abuse 1.4%, and somatoform disorder 1.4%. The lifetime prevalences of psychiatric disorders were: mood disorders 69%, anxiety disorders 52.1%, alcohol abuse 1.4%, and somatoform disorder 1.4%. Subjects with and without psychiatric manifestations did not differ regarding SLE clinical and laboratorial parameters including presence or absence of anti-P antibodies (23.1% vs. 20%, respectively, p=1.0), disease activity, as measured by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease activity Index (4.08+/-5.7 vs. 4.95+/-6.3 respectively, p=0.60) and cumulated damage, as measured by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (0.7+/-2.3 vs. 0.3+/-0.7 respectively, p=0.33). CONCLUSIONS Mood and anxiety disorders are the most frequently observed psychiatric disorders in female SLE patients without concomitant neurological manifestations. These mild/moderate forms of psychiatric disorders are not associated with anti-P antibodies in SLE patients. Our findings reinforce the importance of systematic psychiatric evaluation for these patients in order to provide adequate and comprehensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano G Nery
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
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96
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Stojanovich L, Zandman-Goddard G, Pavlovich S, Sikanich N. Psychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2007; 6:421-6. [PMID: 17537389 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric abnormalities are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a prevalence of 17% to 75%, reflecting different methods of patient selection and assessment, the different professional orientation of clinicians, and lack of an accepted consensus for diagnosing active neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE). The psychiatric syndromes included in the ACR Neuropsychiatric Lupus Nomenclature Committee criteria are cognitive dysfunction, acute confusional state (delirium), anxiety disorder, mood disorder, and psychosis. In SLE patients, identification of psychiatric phenomena and the generation of a differential diagnosis are crucial. Possible mechanisms include vascular injury and pathogenic antibodies. Treatment strategies are based on small case studies. The purpose of this review is to discuss clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and the present therapeutic options in psychiatric lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljudmila Stojanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bezhanijska Kosa University Medical Center, Belgrade University, Serbia and Montenegro.
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