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Lucsanszky IJ, Ruse ND. Fracture Toughness, Flexural Strength, and Flexural Modulus of New CAD/CAM Resin Composite Blocks. J Prosthodont 2019; 29:34-41. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - N. Dorin Ruse
- Division of Biomaterials, OBMS, Faculty of DentistryThe University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
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Mourouzis P, Arhakis A, Tolidis K. Computer-aided Design and Manufacturing Crown on Primary Molars: An Innovative Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:76-79. [PMID: 31496579 PMCID: PMC6710945 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Crowns are applicable on primary teeth with extensive caries, cervical decalcification, developmental defects, interproximal caries extending beyond line angles, and following pulpotomy or pulpectomy. Background Until now, prefabricated crowns, i.e., stainless-steel crowns (SSCs), pre-veneered SSC, and all ceramic/porcelain/zirconia crowns have been available in a range of sizes to match the first and the second primary molar teeth. Case description This case report illustrates a clinical use of computer-aided design and manufacturing technology (CAD/CAM) for the fabrication of a crown for a decayed primary molar using a study model as a reference. The material used was a hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM block. Conclusion This approach has the advantage of the customization of the abutment tooth in contrast to the previously mentioned prefabricated options. How to cite this article Mourouzis P, Arhakis A, et al. Computer-aided Design and Manufacturing Crown on Primary Molars: An Innovative Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(1):76-79.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Mourouzis
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristidis Arhakis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kosmas Tolidis
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Awad MM, Albedaiwi L, Almahdy A, Khan R, Silikas N, Hatamleh MM, Alkhtani FM, Alrahlah A. Effect of universal adhesives on microtensile bond strength to hybrid ceramic. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:178. [PMID: 31387557 PMCID: PMC6685274 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of universal adhesives (UA) and silane on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of resin cement to a hybrid ceramic Vita Enamic (VE). Methods VE specimens were acid etched using hydrofluoric acid (HF) and were assigned to three groups (n = 10) based on the applied bonding technique. In group 1 (S), a silane-based primer was used as a surface treatment prior to the application of a resin cement (Variolink Esthetic DC). In group 2, a silane-containing UA, Clearfil Universal Bond (CUB) was used for the surface treatment, and in group 3, A silane-free UA, Tetric N-Bond Universal (TNU) was used for surface treatment. Resin cement build-ups were prepared. The bonded specimens were sectioned into resin-ceramic beams. Half of the beams of each group were stored for 24 h at 37 °C and the other half were subjected to a thermo-cycling aging. The microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Failure modes were assessed accordingly. Data were analyzed using a) two-way analysis of variance ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests between groups and b) independent t-test to detect differences (α = 0.05) for each group. The surface topographies of the ceramic surface were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Results The results showed that silane-based primer (S) application resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.05) μTBS values after 24 h and after thermocycling compared to both silane-containing UA (CUB) and silane-free UA (TNU). The μTBS values of all groups were significantly reduced after thermocycling. No statistically significant difference was observed between the μTBS of CUB and TNU after 24 h. However, TNU showed significantly higher μTBS after thermocycling. Different failure modes were observed, and adhesive failure was the most common in all groups. Marked surface topographic changes were observed following HF etching. Conclusion It is concluded that, the UAs tested cannot be recommended as substitutes to the silanization of Hybrid ceramic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Awad
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamees Albedaiwi
- Preventive Dental Program, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 11179, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Almahdy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan research chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Fahad M Alkhtani
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alrahlah
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan research chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia. .,Department Of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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Facenda JC, Borba M, Benetti P, Della Bona A, Corazza PH. Effect of supporting substrate on the failure behavior of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network material. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121:929-934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Alamoush RA, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N, Watts DC. Viscoelastic stability of pre-cured resin-composite CAD/CAM structures. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1166-1172. [PMID: 31146959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effect of water storage (3 months) on the creep deformation and recovery of CAD/CAM composite materials to determine their viscoelastic stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five CAD/CAM composite blocks, with increasing filler loading, and one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) were studied. Six specimens of each material were separated into two groups (n=3) according to their storage conditions (24 h dry storage at 23°C versus 3 months storage in 37°C distilled water). A constant static compressive stress of 20 MPa was applied on each specimen via a loading pin for 2 h followed by unloading and monitoring strain recovery for a further period of 2 h. The maximum creep-strain (%) and permanent set (%) were recorded. Data were analysed via two-way ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests (<0.05) for comparisons between the materials. Homogeneity of variance was calculated via Levene's statistics. RESULTS The maximum creep strain after 24 h dry ranged from 0.45% to 1.09% and increased after 3-month storage in distilled water to between 0.71% and 1.85%. The permanent set after 24 h dry storage ranged from 0.033% to 0.15% and increased after 3-month water storage to between 0.087% and 0.18%. The maximum creep strain also reduced with increasing filler loading. SIGNIFICANCE The PICN material exhibited superior dimensional stability to all of the pre-cured resin composite blocks in both storage conditions with deformation being predominantly elastic rather than viscoelastic. Notwithstanding, two of the resin-matrix composite blocks approached the PICN performance, when dry, but less so after water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Alamoush
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Prosthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Nick Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - D C Watts
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Maeder M, Pasic P, Ender A, Özcan M, Benic GI, Ioannidis A. Load-bearing capacities of ultra-thin occlusal veneers bonded to dentin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 95:165-171. [PMID: 31009900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test whether the load-bearing capacity of occlusal veneers made of ceramic or hybrid materials bonded to dentin does differ from those of porcelain-fused-to metal or lithium disilicate glass ceramic crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 80 human molars, occlusal tooth substance was removed so that the defects extended into dentin, simulating defects caused by attrition/erosion. Restorations at a standardized thickness of either 0.5 mm or 1.0 mm were digitally designed. For both thicknesses, 4 test groups (n = 10 per group) were defined, each including a different restorative material: "0.5-ZIR": 0.5 mm thick zirconia (Vita YZ HT); "1.0-ZIR": 1.0 mm thick zirconia (Vita YZ HT); "0.5-LDC": 0.5 mm thick lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max Press); "1.0-LDC": 1.0 mm thick lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max Press); "0.5-HYC": 0.5 mm thick PICN (Vita Enamic); "1.0-HYC": 1.0 mm thick PICN (Vita Enamic); "0.5-COC": 0.5 mm thick tooth shaded resin composite (Lava Ultimate) and "1.0-COC": 1.0 mm thick tooth shaded resin composite (Lava Ultimate). Consecutively, the specimens were thermo-mechanically aged and then loaded until fracture. The load-bearing capacities (Fmax) between the groups were statistically compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) and pairwise group comparison applying the Dunn's method. In addition, the results were compared to those of conventional lithium-disilicate ceramic crowns ("CLD") and to porcelain-fused to metal crowns ("PFM"). RESULTS The median Finitial values for the 0.5 mm thin restorations were 1'350 N for 0.5-ZIR, 850 N for 0.5-LDC, 1'100 N for 0.5-HYC and 1'950 N for 0.5-COC. With CLD as the control, a significant difference was found between the groups 0.5-COC and 0.5-LDC (KW: p = 0.0124). With PFM as the control, the comparisons between PFM and 0.5-LDC as well as between 0.5-COC and 0.5-LDC were significant (KW: p = 0.0026). Median Fmax values of 2'493 N in the group 0.5-ZIR, 1'165 in the group 0.5-LDC, 2'275 N in the group 0.5-HYC and 2'265 N in the group 0.5-COC were found. The medians of the Finitial values for the 1.0 thick restorations amounted of 2'100 N in 1.0-ZIR, 1'750 N in 1.0-LDC, 2'000 N in 1.0-HYC and 2'300 N in 1.0-COC. Testing the multiple comparisons with Dunn's method no significant differences were found (p > 0.05). The median Fmax values of the 1.0 mm thick restorations were: 2'489 N in the group 1.0-ZIR, 1'864 N in the group 1.0-LDC, 2'485 N in the group 1.0-HYC and 2'479 N in the group 1.0-COC. With CLD as the control group, a significant difference between zirconia and lithium-disilicate was found for the 0.5 (p = 0.0017) and 1.0 mm (p = 0.0320) thick specimens. Comparing the 0.5 mm thick specimens with CLD as the control, a significant difference was found between 0.5-HYC and 0.5-LDC (p = 0.0017). With PFM as the control, the comparison of lithium disilicate and zirconia was statistically significant for both thicknesses (p = 0.0009 for the 0.5 mm thick specimens; p = 0.0074 for the 1.0 mm thick specimens). In addition, with PFM as control group, significant differences were seen between 0.5-LDC and all other groups with restorations in 0.5 mm thickness (p = 0.0017). CONCLUSIONS Regarding their maximum load-bearing capacity, minimally invasive occlusal veneers made of ceramic, hybrid materials or polymeric materials can be applied to correct occlusal tooth wear with exposed dentin and thus replace conventional crown restorations in cases of normally expected intraoral bite forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Maeder
- Doctoral Student at the Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavla Pasic
- Doctoral Student at the Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adreas Ender
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Goran I Benic
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Ioannidis
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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SHINAGAWA J, INOUE G, NIKAIDO T, IKEDA M, BURROW MF, TAGAMI J. Early bond strengths of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin cements to CAD/CAM resin composite. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:28-32. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi SHINAGAWA
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Go INOUE
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Toru NIKAIDO
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masaomi IKEDA
- Oral Prosthetic Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Michael F. BURROW
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital
| | - Junji TAGAMI
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Lee C, Yamaguchi S, Ohta K, Imazato S. Mechanical properties of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing resin composites assuming perfect silane coupling using in silico homogenization of cryo-electron microscopy images. J Prosthodont Res 2019; 63:90-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Alammari MR, Abdelnabi MH, Swelem AA. Effect of total occlusal convergence on fit and fracture resistance of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate crowns. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2018; 11:1-8. [PMID: 30643468 PMCID: PMC6318710 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s193326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) monolithic crowns are gaining momentum. Limited evidence exists about the effect of tooth preparation total occlusal convergence (TOC) on marginal and internal gap distances in addition to load to fracture values. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate, by microcomputed tomography (µCT), the influence of 12° and 20° TOC on marginal and internal adaptation of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) crowns. Moreover, values of load to fracture with and without initial cyclic loading (CL) were compared. Material and methods Forty ZLS crowns were fabricated on dies with TOC of 12° and 20°, 20 crowns for each group. µCT was used to compare marginal and internal adaptation. Each specimen was measured at 140 points distributed on all tooth preparation surfaces for 2D gap distance assessment. 3D gap volume was also evaluated. Crowns were then cemented and divided into two subgroups; the first was stored in distilled water (no cyclic loading [NCL] subgroup), the second was subjected to CL (CL subgroup). Results Factorial repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc in addition to independent and dependent t-tests were used for statistical analysis. Marginal gap, absolute marginal discrepancy, and occlusal gap measurements showed significant differences between the measurement sites. Static load to fracture values showed significant differences between TOC groups for both NCL (P=0.011) and CL (P=0.025) subgroups. Conclusion An increase of TOC from 12° to 20° did not affect marginal and internal adaptation but resulted in higher values of load to fracture of ZLS crowns. CL simulating 1 year of service did not result in fatigue failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Rahma Alammari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
| | - Mohamed Hussein Abdelnabi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, .,Removable Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Amal Ali Swelem
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, .,Removable Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Sadighpour L, Geramipanah F, Ghasri Z, Neshatian M. Microtensile bond strength of CAD/CAM-fabricated polymer-ceramics to different adhesive resin cements. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e40. [PMID: 30483464 PMCID: PMC6237724 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of polymer-ceramic and indirect composite resin with 3 classes of resin cements. Materials and Methods Two computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated polymer-ceramics (Enamic [ENA; Vita] and Lava Ultimate [LAV; 3M ESPE]) and a laboratory indirect composite resin (Gradia [GRA; GC Corp.]) were equally divided into 6 groups (n = 18) with 3 classes of resin cements: Variolink N (VAR; Vivadent), RelyX U200 (RXU; 3M ESPE), and Panavia F2 (PAN; Kuraray). The μTBS values were compared between groups by 2-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tamhane test (α = 0.05). Results Restorative materials and resin cements significantly influenced µTBS (p < 0.05). In the GRA group, the highest μTBS was found with RXU (27.40 ± 5.39 N) and the lowest with VAR (13.54 ± 6.04 N) (p < 0.05). Similar trends were observed in the ENA group. In the LAV group, the highest μTBS was observed with VAR (27.45 ± 5.84 N) and the lowest with PAN (10.67 ± 4.37 N) (p < 0.05). PAN had comparable results to those of ENA and GRA, whereas the μTBS values were significantly lower with LAV (p = 0.001). The highest bond strength of RXU was found with GRA (27.40 ± 5.39 N, p = 0.001). PAN showed the lowest µTBS with LAV (10.67 ± 4.37 N; p < 0.001). Conclusions When applied according to the manufacturers' recommendations, the µTBS of polymer-ceramic CAD/CAM materials and indirect composites is influenced by the luting cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Sadighpour
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Geramipanah
- Dental Implant Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Neshatian
- Matrix Dynamic Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Özarslan MM, Büyükkaplan UŞ, Barutcigil Ç, Özarslan M, Barutcigil K, Türker N. Assessing staining resistance of a CAD/CAM interpenetrating network composite material. Head Face Med 2018; 14:27. [PMID: 30477522 PMCID: PMC6257966 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-018-0184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Color change of dental materials over time because of staining agents has important effects on the long-term prognosis of dental esthetic treatments. In the present study, staining resistance of an interpenetrating network composite material with different translucency levels (translucent and high translucent) and various surface procedures for finishing were investigated. Methods Same shade CAD/CAM interpenetrating network composite specimens having two different translucency levels were prepared using by a water cooling cutting saw. Specimens were grouped and different finishing procedures were performed. Then, specimens were kept in distilled water, red wine and coffee for different periods. Color was evaluated before and after exposure to staining liquids using a clinical spectrophotometer. Results In the 7 days Glaze group (ΔE00 > 2.2), color difference was only perceivable in the specimens kept in red wine. In the 28 days red wine high translucent groups, only the high translucent Clinical group showed a clinically acceptable (ΔE00 < 2.2) color change. In the translucent groups kept in red wine, only the translucent Glaze group showed a clinically perceivable color change (ΔE00 > 2.2). In the 28 day measurements, all the translucent groups showed a clinically perceivable color change (ΔE00 > 2.2). Of the translucent groups kept in coffee for 28 days, it was observed that only the translucent Clinical group demonstrated a clinically non-perceivable color change (ΔE00 < 2.2). Conclusions All the translucent groups kept in red wine showed a clinically perceivable color change after 28 days. Only the high translucent Clinical Kit group showed a clinically acceptable color change. Among high translucent and translucent specimens kept in coffee only the translucent Clinical group showed a clinically acceptable color change after 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Mustafa Özarslan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, 07 058, Antalya, Türkiye.
| | | | - Çağatay Barutcigil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Merve Özarslan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, 07 058, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Kubilay Barutcigil
- Department of Prosthodontics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, 07 058, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Nurullah Türker
- Department of Prosthodontics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, 07 058, Antalya, Türkiye
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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Matrix Composites Interpenetrated by Different Reinforcement. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work discusses the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast and as-extruded metal matrix composites interpenetrated by stainless steel (Fe–18Cr–9Ni), titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V), and aluminum alloy (Al–5Mg–3Zn) three-dimensional network reinforcement materials. The results show that the different reinforcement materials have different degrees of improvement on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the magnesium matrix composites. Among them, magnesium matrix composites interpenetrated by stainless steel reinforcement have maximum tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation, which are 355 MPa, 241 MPa, and 13%, respectively. Compared with the matrix, it increases by 47.9%, 60.7% and 85.7%, respectively. Moreover, compared with the as-cast state, the as-extruded sample has a relatively small grain size and a uniform size distribution. The grain size of the as-cast magnesium matrix composites is mainly concentrated at 200–300 μm, whereas the extruded state is mainly concentrated at 10–30 μm. The reason is that the coordination deformation of reinforcement and matrix, and the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization, cause grain refinement of magnesium matrix composite during the extrusion process, thereby improving its mechanical properties. Moreover, the improvement is attributed to the effect of the reinforcement itself, and the degree of grain refinement of the metal matrix composites.
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Effect of the Composition of CAD/CAM Composite Blocks on Mechanical Properties. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4893143. [PMID: 30426009 PMCID: PMC6218798 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4893143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the composition of CAD/CAM blocks on their mechanical properties. Nine different CAD/CAM blocks, enamel and dentine, were tested. Sixteen samples of each material were separated for Vickers microhardness test (n=6, 5 readings per specimen), nanohardness test (n=6, 5 readings per specimen), filler weight (n=3), and SEM imaging (n=1). Data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA. Vita Mark II ceramic showed significantly higher values of hardness (in both nano- and microscale) and elastic modulus (6.83 GPa, 502 kg/mm2, and 47.7 GPa), respectively, than other materials. CAD/CAM composite blocks showed comparable values of hardness and elastic modulus to those of dentine but lower than those of enamel and ceramics. SEM images highlighted different filler-matrix microstructure of CAD/CAM composite blocks. It was concluded that (1) hardness and elastic moduli are positively correlated with ceramic filler percentage and microstructure and (2) CAD/CAM composite materials have comparable hardness and elastic moduli to tooth structure.
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Hao Z, Ma Y, Liu W, Meng Y, Nakamura K, Shen J, Wang H. Influence of low-temperature degradation on the wear characteristics of zirconia against polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network material. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 120:596-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ioannidis A, Mühlemann S, Özcan M, Hüsler J, Hämmerle CHF, Benic GI. Ultra-thin occlusal veneers bonded to enamel and made of ceramic or hybrid materials exhibit load-bearing capacities not different from conventional restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 90:433-440. [PMID: 30447557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to test whether or not the load-bearing capacity of occlusal veneers bonded to enamel and made of ceramic or hybrid materials does differ from those of porcelain-fused-to-metal or lithium disilicate glass ceramic crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 80 human molars occlusal enamel was removed without extending into the dentin in order to mimic substance defects caused by attrition. The restorations were digitally designed at a standardized thickness of either 0.5 mm or 1.0 mm. For each thickness, 4 test groups were formed each including a different restorative material: "0.5-ZIR": 0.5 mm thick zirconia (Vita YZ HT); "1.0-ZIR": 1.0 mm thick zirconia (Vita YZ HT); "0.5-LDC": 0.5 mm thick lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max Press); "1.0-LDC": 1.0 mm thick lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max Press); "0.5-HYC": 0.5 mm thick PICN (Vita Enamic); "1.0-HYC": 1.0 mm thick PICN (Vita Enamic); "0.5-COC": 0.5 mm thick tooth shaded resin composite (Lava Ultimate) and "1.0-COC": 1.0 mm thick tooth shaded resin composite (Lava ultimate). Each group consists of 10 specimens. Two additional groups of 10 specimens each were used as controls and exhibited conventional crown preparations. In one group the crowns were made of lithium-disilicate ceramic ("CLD": IPS e.max CAD) and the other group consisted of porcelain-fused to metal crowns ("PFM"). All restorations were cemented onto the prepared teeth following the manufacturer's instruction of the corresponding luting cement. Subsequently, they were thermo-mechanically aged and then loaded until fracture. Load-bearing capacities (Fmax) between the groups were compared applying the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) and pairwise group comparisons using the Dunn's method. RESULTS Median values (and quartiles) for the load-bearing capacity amounted to (Fmax) 2'407 (1'670; 2'490) N for the CLD group and to 2'033 (1'869; 2'445) N for the PFM group. For the 0.5 mm thick restorations Fmax reached the highest median value in group 0.5-HYC 2'390 (1'355; 2'490) N, followed by 0.5-COC 2'200 (1'217; 2'492) N and 0.5-LDC 1'692 (1'324; 2'355) N. No results were obtained for group 0.5-ZIR due to the impracticability to fabricate ultra-thin specimens. The distribution of the values for the 1.0 mm thick restorations was 2'489 (2'426; 2'491) N for 1.0-COC, 2'299 (2'156; 2'490) N for 1.0-ZIR, 2'124 (1'245; 2'491) N for 1.0-HYC, and 1'537 (1'245; 1'783) N for 1.0-LDC. The differences of the medians between the test and the control groups did not reach statistical significance for the 0.5 mm thick specimens (KW: p = 0.6952 and p = 0.6986). Within the groups exhibiting 1.0 mm thickness, however, significant different medians were found: 1.0-LDC < 1.0-ZIR and 1.0-LDC < 1.0-COC (KW: p < 0.0209). CONCLUSIONS Regarding their maximum load-bearing capacity, minimally invasive occlusal veneers made of ceramic and hybrid materials can be applied to correct occlusal tooth wear and thus replace conventional crown restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ioannidis
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sven Mühlemann
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hüsler
- Department of Mathematical Statistics, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph H F Hämmerle
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Goran I Benic
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Kruzic JJ, Arsecularatne JA, Tanaka CB, Hoffman MJ, Cesar PF. Recent advances in understanding the fatigue and wear behavior of dental composites and ceramics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 88:504-533. [PMID: 30223214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dental composite and ceramic restorative materials are designed to closely mimic the aesthetics and function of natural tooth tissue, and their longevity in the oral environment depends to a large degree on their fatigue and wear properties. The purpose of this review is to highlight some recent advances in our understanding of fatigue and wear mechanisms, and how they contribute to restoration failures in the complex oral environment. Overall, fatigue and wear processes are found to be closely related, with wear of dental ceramic occlusal surfaces providing initiation sites for fatigue failures, and subsurface fatigue crack propagation driving key wear mechanisms for composites, ceramics, and enamel. Furthermore, both fatigue and wear of composite restorations may be important in enabling secondary caries formation, which is the leading cause of composite restoration failures. Overall, developing a mechanistic description of fatigue, wear, and secondary caries formation, along with understanding the interconnectivity of all three processes, are together seen as essential keys to successfully using in vitro studies to predict in vivo outcomes and develop improved dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | | | - Carina B Tanaka
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark J Hoffman
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Paulo F Cesar
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Eldafrawy M, Nguyen J, Mainjot A, Sadoun M. A Functionally Graded PICN Material for Biomimetic CAD-CAM Blocks. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1324-1330. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034518785364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to introduce a functionally graded (FG) polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block, characterized by a gradient of mechanical properties, as a biomimetic material for computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) prostheses. FG-PICN blocks were manufactured from a slurry of glass-ceramic powder, which was subsequently centrifuged and sintered. The ceramic network was infiltrated with urethane dimethacrylate and polymerized under high temperature-pressure. Blocks were sectioned into 9 layers, and each layer was subsequently cut into 3 samples. Samples were loaded into a 3-point bending device and tested for flexural strength, flexural load energy, and flexural modulus. The volume percentage of glass-ceramic, hardness, and brittleness index were also measured and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were performed. Katana translucent zirconia (HT-ZIR) and e.max-CAD (EMX) were tested for comparison. Flexural strength, flexural load energy, and Weibull modulus of FG-PICN were shown to increase from the first (enamel-like zone) to the ninth layer (dentin-like zone), while, on the contrary, flexural modulus, hardness, brittleness index, and ceramic volume percentage decreased. SEM characterization highlighted a higher porosity in layer 9 than in layer 1. Flexural strength of the dentin-like zone (372.7 ± 27.8 MPa) was similar to EMX and lower than HT-ZIR. Flexural modulus was shown to vary from 41.9 ± 5.1 to 28.6 ± 2.0 GPa from surface to depth. Flexural load energy in the dentin-like zone (27.1 ± 4.9 mJ) was significantly superior to EMX and HT-ZIR. Hardness gradient was shown to be close to tooth tissues. This work introduces FG-PICN blocks, with a gradient of mechanical and optical properties through the entire thickness of the block designed to mimic dental tissues. FG-PICN demonstrated a favorable gradient of flexural strength, elastic modulus, and, most of all, flexural load energy and hardness compared to other CAD-CAM materials, which can promote the biomechanical behavior of single-unit restorations on teeth and implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Eldafrawy
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - J.F. Nguyen
- UFR d’Odontologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France
| | - A.K. Mainjot
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
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Demirtag Z, Culhaoglu AK. Surface Roughness of Ceramic-Resin Composites After Femtosecond Laser Irradiation, Sandblasting or Acid Etching and Their Bond Strength With and Without Silanization to a Resin Cement. Oper Dent 2018; 44:156-167. [PMID: 29953343 DOI: 10.2341/17-391-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of femtosecond laser irradiation, sandblasting, or acid etching treatments on the surface roughness of ceramic-resin composites and also shear bond strength (SBS) with and without silanization to a resin cement. METHODS: Samples of Vita Enamic (VE; Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and Lava Ultimate (LU; 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) were classified into control (no treatment), sandblasting, hydrofluoric acid, and femtosecond laser groups (n=30). Surface roughness was determined using two-dimensional contact profilometry. Surface topography was evaluated using a three-dimensional contact profilometer and a scanning electron microscope. Then groups were divided into two subgroups with similar surface roughness values, including control (C), control + silane (C-S), sandblasting (SB), sandblasting + silane (SB-S), hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrofluoric acid + silane (HF-S), femtosecond laser (FS), and femtosecond laser + silane (FS-S) groups (n=15). Panavia F 2.0 resin cement was applied to the sample surfaces using an SDI SBS rig (SDI Limited, Bayswater, Australia). The SBS test was performed after water storage (24 h, 37°C) and thermocycles (2000 cycles, 5°C to 55°C), and failure modes were evaluated. RESULTS: The highest surface roughness was observed in the FS group, and the highest SBS was observed in the FS-S group for both VE and LU ( p<0.001). Silanization improved the SBS of VE significantly ( p<0.001) in all surface treatments but did not improve that of LU except in the FS group ( p=0.004). There was a significantly moderate negative correlation in the VE/SB group ( p=0.012) and a moderate positive correlation in the VE/HF group ( p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Femtosecond laser irradiation was found to be more effective than sandblasting or acid etching in increasing the surface roughness, and it was also the most effective surface treatment with silanization on the SBS of a resin cement to the ceramic-resin composites.
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Wendler M, Belli R, Valladares D, Petschelt A, Lohbauer U. Chairside CAD/CAM materials. Part 3: Cyclic fatigue parameters and lifetime predictions. Dent Mater 2018; 34:910-921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Polishing effects and wear performance of chairside CAD/CAM materials. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:725-737. [PMID: 29770877 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the surface roughness of CAD/CAM materials immediately after milling and after different chairside and labside polishing procedures. A two-body wear test was performed to compare the different wear characteristics of the materials and the corresponding antagonists. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (n = 12 per series) from different CAD/CAM materials (three composites: Lava Ultimate, Cerasmart, BRILLIANT Crios; one hybrid ceramic: VITA Enamic; three ceramics: Celtra Duo, VITA Suprinity, IPS Emax.CAD) were polished according to the manufacturer's instructions. The effect of different polishing procedures was investigated by comparing surface roughness (Ra, Rmax) after labside polishing and after chairside polishing. Wear behavior (mean, volume, and maximum wear) of specimens and antagonists as well as changes in surface roughness were determined in a pin-on-block wear test. Statistical analysis was performed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Bonferroni multiple-comparison post hoc test and a multifactorial ANOVA/Tukey's significant difference post hoc test (α = 0.05). SEM micrographs were used for the qualitative evaluation of surfaces and wear traces. RESULTS After chairside high-gloss polishing, ceramics and composites exhibited Ra values between 0.08 and 0.10 μm and between 0.11 and 0.13 μm, respectively. After labside high-gloss polishing, values varied between 0.02 and 0.09 μm for ceramics and between 0.06 and 0.16 μm for resin composites. No significant differences were found between labside and chairside pre- and high-gloss polishing. For the ceramics, lower mean wear depths (between - 132.2 ± 19.9 and - 137.0 ± 19.0 μm) were identified compared to the resin composites (which exhibited wear depths between - 159.1 ± 19.4 and - 176.3 ± 23.9 μm). For maximum wear depth and volume, a different ranking of the materials was found. Antagonistic wear varied between 12.0 ± 6.4% and 30.6 ± 9.9% and was higher for the ceramic materials and Lava Ultimate. For all materials, a smoothing between 0.20 and 2.70 μm (Ra) was identified after wear simulation. CONCLUSIONS Chairside polishing is as effective as labside polishing, although surfaces were directly adjusted (roughened) only before the chairside polishing. Wear was lowest for ceramics, followed by the resin-infiltrated material and the resin composites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Polishing after milling or adjustment is essential to guaranteeing optimal clinical performance. Chairside polishing after adjustment leads to comparably smooth surfaces as labside polishing after milling and grinding. Ceramics are expected to exhibit lower wear than resin composites under clinical conditions.
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Facenda JC, Borba M, Corazza PH. A literature review on the new polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network material (PICN). J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:281-286. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Cadorim Facenda
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Dental School; University of Passo Fundo; Passo Fundo Brazil
| | - Marcia Borba
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Dental School; University of Passo Fundo; Passo Fundo Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Corazza
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Dental School; University of Passo Fundo; Passo Fundo Brazil
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72
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Bellan MC, Cunha PFJSD, Tavares JG, Spohr AM, Mota EG. Microtensile bond strength of CAD/CAM materials to dentin under different adhesive strategies. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e109. [PMID: 29267670 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariá Cortina Bellan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – PUC-RS, Brazil
| | | | - Julieta Gomes Tavares
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – PUC-RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Spohr
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – PUC-RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Gonçalves Mota
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – PUC-RS, Brazil
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Polymer-infiltrated ceramic CAD/CAM inlays and partial coverage restorations: 3-year results of a prospective clinical study over 5 years. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1973-1983. [PMID: 29214376 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this prospective clinical 5-year study was to evaluate the long-term behavior of monolithic computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated minimally invasive polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) inlays and partial coverage restorations (PCR). MATERIAL AND METHODS Posterior teeth of 47 patients were restored with 103 restorations (45 inlays, 58 PCRs). After defect-oriented preparations, monolithic PICN restorations of VITA Enamic were fabricated with a CAD/CAM system (inEoS blue/CEREC inLab MCXL) and adhesively bonded (Variolink II). Clinical reevaluations were so far performed at baseline and 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after insertion according to modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Absolute failures were demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier survival rate and relative failures by Kaplan-Meier success rate. A logistic regression model was adjusted for modified USPHS criteria to investigate time and restoration effects (p < 0.05). RESULTS After an observation time of 3 years, survival rates were 97.4% for inlays and 95.6% for PCRs. Three restorations had to be replaced due to clinically unacceptable fractures. Secondary caries and debonding were not observed. The 3-year Kaplan-Meier success rate was 84.8% for inlays and 82.4% for PCRs. The decrease in marginal adaption (p = 0.0005), increase in marginal discoloration (p < 0.0001), and surface roughness (p = 0.0005) over time were significant. Color match and anatomic form were excellent. No significant differences were found between both types of restorations for survival (p = 0.716) and success rate (p = 0.431). CONCLUSIONS Minimally invasive PICN restorations showed a favorable clinical performance over an observation period of 36 months. However, clinical long-term data have to be awaited. CLINICAL RELEVANCE PICN restorations are a suitable treatment option for posterior inlays and PCRs.
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Xu Z, Yu P, Arola DD, Min J, Gao S. A comparative study on the wear behavior of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material and tooth enamel. Dent Mater 2017; 33:1351-1361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.08.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sieper K, Wille S, Kern M. Fracture strength of lithium disilicate crowns compared to polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network and zirconia reinforced lithium silicate crowns. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 74:342-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
A survey of the development of dental ceramics is presented to provide a better understanding of the rationale behind the development and clinical indications of each class of ceramic material. Knowledge of the composition, microstructure, and properties of a material is critical for selecting the right material for specific applications. The key to successful ceramic restorations rests on material selection, manufacturing technique, and restoration design, including the balancing of several factors such as residual stresses, tooth contact conditions, tooth size and shape, elastic modulus of the adhesives and tooth structure, and surface state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, NYU College of Dentistry, 433 First Avenue, Room 810, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - J Robert Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Mailstop 1615, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-1615, USA
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Yu P, Xu Z, Arola DD, Min J, Zhao P, Gao S. Effect of acidic agents on the wear behavior of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 74:154-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mesmar S, Ruse ND. Interfacial Fracture Toughness of Adhesive Resin Cement-Lithium-Disilicate/Resin-Composite Blocks. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:e243-e251. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Mesmar
- Specialist prosthodontist in private practice; Montreal QC Canada
| | - N. Dorin Ruse
- Division of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry; The University of British; Columbia Vancouver Canada
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Silva LHD, Lima ED, Miranda RBDP, Favero SS, Lohbauer U, Cesar PF. Dental ceramics: a review of new materials and processing methods. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e58. [PMID: 28902238 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of computerized systems for the production of dental restorations associated to the development of novel microstructures for ceramic materials has caused an important change in the clinical workflow for dentists and technicians, as well as in the treatment options offered to patients. New microstructures have also been developed by the industry in order to offer ceramic and composite materials with optimized properties, i.e., good mechanical properties, appropriate wear behavior and acceptable aesthetic characteristics. The objective of this literature review is to discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of the new ceramic systems and processing methods. The manuscript is divided in five parts: I) monolithic zirconia restorations; II) multilayered dental prostheses; III) new glass-ceramics; IV) polymer infiltrated ceramics; and V) novel processing technologies. Dental ceramics and processing technologies have evolved significantly in the past ten years, with most of the evolution being related to new microstructures and CAD-CAM methods. In addition, a trend towards the use of monolithic restorations has changed the way clinicians produce all-ceramic dental prostheses, since the more aesthetic multilayered restorations unfortunately are more prone to chipping or delamination. Composite materials processed via CAD-CAM have become an interesting option, as they have intermediate properties between ceramics and polymers and are more easily milled and polished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Hian da Silva
- Universidade Cidade de São Paulo - Unicid, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erick de Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Stéphanie Soares Favero
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ulrich Lohbauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg - FAU, Dental Clinic 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paulo Francisco Cesar
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Effect of 2 Bleaching Agents with a Content of High Concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide on Stained 2 CAD/CAM Blocks and a Nanohybrid Composite Resin: An AFM Evaluation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6347145. [PMID: 28804719 PMCID: PMC5540473 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6347145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate color stability of 3 restorative materials, discoloration ability of different solutions, efficacy of 2 office bleaching agents, and surface roughness and topography. Sixty specimens for Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (CME), Lava Ultimate (LU), and Vita Enamic (VE) were prepared. They were immersed into 3 staining solutions for 2 weeks and then they were bleached. According to the measured L⁎, a⁎, and b⁎ parameters described by CIELAB system, color changes (ΔE00), translucency parameters (TP), whiteness index values (W⁎), and changes in closeness to pure white (ΔW⁎) were calculated. Then 3 specimens from each group were scanned with an atomic force microscope for surface analysis. After staining, CME groups and control groups of LU and VE showed clinically acceptable color changes (ΔE00 < 1,8). After bleaching, while a reverse effect on color was observed, VE showed the furthest color values to pure white. There was no statistically significant difference between whiteness index values of LU and CME. LU was the most translucent material during the study and TP values of materials showed minimal differences. Most of the VE groups and a control group of LU showed surface roughness (Ra) values higher than critical value for biofilm accumulation (0,2 μm).
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Curran P, Cattani-Lorente M, Anselm Wiskott H, Durual S, Scherrer SS. Grinding damage assessment for CAD-CAM restorative materials. Dent Mater 2017; 33:294-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Grenade C, De Pauw-Gillet MC, Pirard C, Bertrand V, Charlier C, Vanheusden A, Mainjot A. Biocompatibility of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN) materials with Human Gingival Keratinocytes (HGKs). Dent Mater 2017; 33:333-343. [PMID: 28159322 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biocompatibility of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN) materials, a new class of CAD-CAM composites, is poorly explored in the literature, in particular, no data are available regarding Human Gingival Keratinocytes (HGK). The first objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of PICNs with HGKs in comparison with other materials typically used for implant prostheses. The second objective was to correlate results with PICN monomer release and indirect cytotoxicity. METHODS HGK attachment, proliferation and spreading on PICN, grade V titanium (Ti), yttrium zirconia (Zi), lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (eM) and polytetrafluoroethylene (negative control) discs were evaluated using a specific insert-based culture system. For PICN and eM samples, monomer release in the culture medium was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography and indirect cytotoxicity tests were performed. RESULTS Ti and Zi exhibited the best results regarding HGK viability, number and coverage. eM showed inferior results while PICN showed statistically similar results to eM but also to Ti regarding cell number and to Ti and Zi regarding cell viability. No monomer release from PICN discs was found, nor indirect cytotoxicity, as for eM. SIGNIFICANCE The results confirmed the excellent behavior of Ti and Zi with gingival cells. Even if polymer based, PICN materials exhibited intermediate results between Ti-Zi and eM. These promising results could notably be explained by PICN high temperature-high pressure (HT-HP) innovative polymerization mode, as confirmed by the absence of monomer release and indirect cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grenade
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU) and Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège and University of Liège Hospital (ULg, CHU), Liège, Belgium.
| | | | - Catherine Pirard
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege and University of Liège Hospital (ULg, CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Virginie Bertrand
- Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory-GIGA-R, University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege and University of Liège Hospital (ULg, CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Vanheusden
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU) and Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège and University of Liège Hospital (ULg, CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Amélie Mainjot
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU) and Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège and University of Liège Hospital (ULg, CHU), Liège, Belgium
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El Zhawi H, Kaizer MR, Chughtai A, Moraes RR, Zhang Y. Polymer infiltrated ceramic network structures for resistance to fatigue fracture and wear. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1352-1361. [PMID: 27585486 PMCID: PMC5075247 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate fatigue fracture resistance and wear behavior of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material (ENAMIC, Vita Zahnfabrik). METHODS Anatomically shaped ENAMIC monolithic crowns were milled using a CAD/CAM system. The crowns were cemented on aged dentin-like composite abutments (Z100, 3M ESPE) with resin-based cement (Vita DUO Cement, Vita). The specimens were subjected to 2 types of fatigue and wear tests: (1) accelerated sliding-contact mouth-motion step-stress fatigue test (n=24) in water; and (2) long-term sliding-contact mouth-motion fatigue/wear test using a clinically relevant load (P=200N, n=8) in water. Failure was designated as chip-off or bulk fracture. Optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to examine the occlusal surface and subsurface damage, as well as to reveal the material's microstructure. In addition, wear volume and depth were measured by X-ray micro-computed tomography. RESULTS For accelerated mouth-motion step-stress fatigue testing, 3 out of the 24 ENAMIC crowns fractured following cyclic loading up to 1700N. Minor occlusal damage and contact-induced cone cracks were observed in all surviving specimens, but no flexural radial cracks were seen. For long-term mouth-motion fatigue/wear testing under a 200N load in water, a small wear scar without significant cracks was observed in all 8 tested ENAMIC crowns. SIGNIFICANCE Monolithic CAD/CAM ENAMIC crowns showed superior resistance to sliding-contact fatigue fracture and wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa El Zhawi
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Marina R Kaizer
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA; School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Asima Chughtai
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Rafael R Moraes
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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84
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Tsujimoto A, Barkmeier WW, Takamizawa T, Latta MA, Miyazaki M. Influence of Thermal Cycling on Flexural Properties and Simulated Wear of Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Resin Composites. Oper Dent 2016; 42:101-110. [PMID: 27802120 DOI: 10.2341/16-046-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of thermal cycling on the flexural properties and simulated wear of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composites. METHODS The six CAD/CAM resin composites used in this study were 1) Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM Restorative (LU); 2) Paradigm MZ100 (PM); 3) CERASMART (CS); 4) Shofu Block HC (SB); 5) KATANA AVENCIA Block (KA); and 6) VITA ENAMIC (VE). Specimens were divided randomly into two groups, one of which was stored in distilled water for 24 hours, and the other of which was subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles. For each material, 15 specimens from each group were used to determine the flexural strength and modulus according to ISO 6872, and 20 specimens from each group were used to examine wear using a localized wear simulation model. The test materials were subjected to a wear challenge of 400,000 cycles in a Leinfelder-Suzuki device (Alabama machine). The materials were placed in custom-cylinder stainless steel fixtures, and simulated localized wear was generated using a stainless steel ball bearing (r=2.387 mm) antagonist in a water slurry of polymethyl methacrylate beads. Simulated wear was determined using a noncontact profilometer (Proscan 2100) with Proscan and AnSur 3D software. RESULTS The two-way analysis of variance of flexural properties and simulated wear of CAD/CAM resin composites revealed that material type and thermal cycling had a significant influence (p<0.05), but there was no significant interaction (p>0.05) between the two factors. The flexural properties and maximum depth of wear facets of CAD/CAM resin composite were different (p<0.05) depending on the material, and their values were influenced (p>0.05) by thermal cycling, except in the case of VE. The volume losses in wear facets on LU, PM, and SB after 10,000 thermal cycles were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those after 24 hours of water storage, unlike CS, KA, and VE. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that the flexural properties and simulated wear of CAD/CAM resin composites are different depending on the material. In addition, the flexural properties and simulated wear of CAD/CAM resin composites are influenced by thermal cycling.
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85
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Kaizer MR, Almeida JR, Gonçalves APR, Zhang Y, Cava SS, Moraes RR. Silica Coating of Nonsilicate Nanoparticles for Resin-Based Composite Materials. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1394-1400. [PMID: 27470069 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516662022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to develop and characterize a silica-coating method for crystalline nonsilicate ceramic nanoparticles (Al2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2). The hypothesis was that the coated nonsilicate nanoparticles would stably reinforce a polymeric matrix due to effective silanation. Silica coating was applied via a sol-gel method, with tetraethyl orthosilicate as a silica precursor, followed by heat treatment. The chemical and microstructural characteristics of the nanopowders were evaluated before and after silica coating through x-ray diffraction, BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Coated and noncoated nanoparticles were silanated before preparation of hybrid composites, which contained glass microparticles in addition to the nanoparticles. The composites were mechanically tested in 4-point bending mode after aging (10,000 thermal cycles). Results of all chemical and microstructural analyses confirmed the successful obtaining of silica-coated nanoparticles. Two distinct aspects were observed depending on the type of nanoparticle tested: 1) formation of a silica shell on the surface of the particles and 2) nanoparticle clusters embedded into a silica matrix. The aged hybrid composites formulated with the coated nanoparticles showed improved flexural strength (10% to 30% higher) and work of fracture (35% to 40% higher) as compared with composites formulated with noncoated nanoparticles. The tested hypothesis was confirmed: silanated silica-coated nonsilicate nanoparticles yielded stable reinforcement of dimethacrylate polymeric matrix due to effective silanation. The silica-coating method presented here is a versatile and promising novel strategy for the use of crystalline nonsilicate ceramics as a reinforcing phase of polymeric composite biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kaizer
- 1 Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - J R Almeida
- 1 Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A P R Gonçalves
- 1 Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Y Zhang
- 2 College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S S Cava
- 3 School of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - R R Moraes
- 1 Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Mainjot A, Dupont N, Oudkerk J, Dewael T, Sadoun M. From Artisanal to CAD-CAM Blocks. J Dent Res 2016; 95:487-95. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034516634286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirect composites have been undergoing an impressive evolution over the last few years. Specifically, recent developments in computer-aided design–computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) blocks have been associated with new polymerization modes, innovative microstructures, and different compositions. All these recent breakthroughs have introduced important gaps among the properties of the different materials. This critical state-of-the-art review analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the different varieties of CAD-CAM composite materials, especially as compared with direct and artisanal indirect composites. Indeed, new polymerization modes used for CAD-CAM blocks—especially high temperature (HT) and, most of all, high temperature–high pressure (HT-HP)—are shown to significantly increase the degree of conversion in comparison with light-cured composites. Industrial processes also allow for the augmentation of the filler content and for the realization of more homogeneous structures with fewer flaws. In addition, due to their increased degree of conversion and their different monomer composition, some CAD-CAM blocks are more advantageous in terms of toxicity and monomer release. Finally, materials with a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) microstructure exhibit higher flexural strength and a more favorable elasticity modulus than materials with a dispersed filler microstructure. Consequently, some high-performance composite CAD-CAM blocks—particularly experimental PICNs—can now rival glass-ceramics, such as lithium-disilicate glass-ceramics, for use as bonded partial restorations and crowns on natural teeth and implants. Being able to be manufactured in very low thicknesses, they offer the possibility of developing innovative minimally invasive treatment strategies, such as “no prep” treatment of worn dentition. Current issues are related to the study of bonding and wear properties of the different varieties of CAD-CAM composites. There is also a crucial need to conduct clinical studies. Last, manufacturers should provide more complete information regarding their product polymerization process, microstructure, and composition, which significantly influence CAD-CAM material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Mainjot
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU) and Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULg) and University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - N.M. Dupont
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU) and Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULg) and University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - J.C. Oudkerk
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU) and Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULg) and University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - T.Y. Dewael
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU) and Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULg) and University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
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