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Desuzinges Mandon E, Traversier A, Champagne A, Benier L, Audebert S, Balme S, Dejean E, Rosa Calatrava M, Jawhari A. Expression and purification of native and functional influenza A virus matrix 2 proton selective ion channel. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 131:42-50. [PMID: 27825980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus displays one of the highest infection rates of all human viruses and therefore represents a severe human health threat associated with an important economical challenge. Influenza matrix protein 2 (M2) is a membrane protein of the viral envelope that forms a proton selective ion channel. Here we report the expression and native isolation of full length active M2 without mutations or fusions. The ability of the influenza virus to efficiently infect MDCK cells was used to express native M2 protein. Using a Calixarene detergents/surfactants based approach; we were able to solubilize most of M2 from the plasma membrane and purify it. The tetrameric form of native M2 was maintained during the protein preparation. Mass spectrometry shows that M2 was phosphorylated in its cytoplasmic tail (serine 64) and newly identifies an acetylation of the highly conserved Lysine 60. ELISA shows that solubilized and purified M2 was specifically recognized by M2 antibody MAB65 and was able to displace the antibody from M2 MDCK membranes. Using a bilayer voltage clamp measurement assay, we demonstrate a pH dependent proton selective ion channel activity. The addition of the M2 ion channel blocker amantadine allows a total inhibition of the channel activity, illustrating therefore the specificity of purified M2 activity. Taken together, this work shows the production and isolation of a tetrameric and functional native M2 ion channel that will pave the way to structural and functional characterization of native M2, conformational antibody development, small molecules compounds screening towards vaccine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélien Traversier
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologie Humaine (VirPath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), U1111 INSERM, UMR 5308 CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1 (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Anne Champagne
- CALIXAR, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; CNRS, Institut de Chimie et Biologie de Protéines, 69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - Stéphane Audebert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Balme
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR5635, Université de Montpellier CNRS ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Manuel Rosa Calatrava
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologie Humaine (VirPath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), U1111 INSERM, UMR 5308 CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1 (UCBL1), Lyon, France; VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, EZUS, Lyon, France
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Lim BC, Matsumoto S, Yamamoto H, Mizuno H, Kikuta J, Ishii M, Kikuchi A. Prickle1 promotes focal adhesion disassembly in cooperation with the CLASP-LL5β complex in migrating cells. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3115-29. [PMID: 27378169 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.185439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prickle is known to be involved in planar cell polarity, including convergent extension and cell migration; however, the detailed mechanism by which Prickle regulates cellular functions is not well understood. Here, we show that Prickle1 regulates front-rear polarization and migration of gastric cancer MKN1 cells. Prickle1 preferentially accumulated at the cell retraction site in close proximity to paxillin at focal adhesions. Prickle1 dynamics correlated with those of paxillin during focal adhesion disassembly. Furthermore, Prickle1 was required for focal adhesion disassembly. CLASPs (of which there are two isoforms, CLASP1 and CLASP2, in mammals) and LL5β (also known as PHLDB2) have been reported to form a complex at cell edges and to control microtubule-dependent focal adhesion disassembly. Prickle1 was associated with CLASPs and LL5β, and was required for the LL5β-dependent accumulation of CLASPs at the cell edge. Knockdown of CLASPs and LL5β suppressed Prickle1-dependent cell polarization and migration. Prickle1 localized to the membrane through its farnesyl moiety, and the membrane localization was necessary for Prickle1 to regulate migration, to bind to CLASPs and LL5β, and to promote microtubule targeting of focal adhesions. Taken together, these results suggest that Prickle1 promotes focal adhesion disassembly during the retraction processes of cell polarization and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Cheng Lim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizuno
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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