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Obesity and adiposity: the culprit of dietary protein efficacy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:389-401. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20190583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObesity and increased body adiposity have been alarmingly increasing over the past decades and have been linked to a rise in food intake. Many dietary restrictive approaches aiming at reducing weight have resulted in contradictory results. Additionally, some policies to reduce sugar or fat intake were not able to decrease the surge of obesity. This suggests that food intake is controlled by a physiological mechanism and that any behavioural change only leads to a short-term success. Several hypotheses have been postulated, and many of them have been rejected due to some limitations and exceptions. The present review aims at presenting a new theory behind the regulation of energy intake, therefore providing an eye-opening field for energy balance and a potential strategy for obesity management.
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Biswas D, Tozer K, Dao KT, Perez LJ, Mercer A, Brown A, Hossain I, Yip AM, Aguiar C, Motawea H, Brunt KR, Shea J, Legare JF, Hassan A, Kienesberger PC, Pulinilkunnil T. Adverse Outcomes in Obese Cardiac Surgery Patients Correlates With Altered Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism in Adipose Tissue and Heart. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:534. [PMID: 32903728 PMCID: PMC7438793 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Predicting relapses of post-operative complications in obese patients who undergo cardiac surgery is significantly complicated by persistent metabolic maladaptation associated with obesity. Despite studies supporting the linkages of increased systemic branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) driving the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolome wide studies have either supported or challenged association of circulating BCAAs with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Objective: We interrogated whether BCAA catabolic changes precipitated by obesity in the heart and adipose tissue can be reliable prognosticators of adverse outcomes following cardiac surgery. Our study specifically clarified the correlation between BCAA catabolizing enzymes, cellular BCAAs and branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) with the severity of cardiometabolic outcomes in obese patients pre and post cardiac surgery. Methods: Male and female patients of ages between 44 and 75 were stratified across different body mass index (BMI) (non-obese = 17, pre-obese = 19, obese class I = 14, class II = 17, class III = 12) and blood, atrial appendage (AA), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) collected during cardiac surgery. Plasma and intracellular BCAAs and BC ketoacids (BCKAs), tissue mRNA and protein expression and activity of BCAA catabolizing enzymes were assessed and correlated with clinical parameters. Results: Intramyocellular, but not systemic, BCAAs increased with BMI in cardiac surgery patients. In SAT, from class III obese patients, mRNA and protein expression of BCAA catabolic enzymes and BCKA dehydrogenase (BCKDH) enzyme activity was decreased. Within AA, a concomitant increase in mRNA levels of BCAA metabolizing enzymes was observed, independent of changes in BCKDH protein expression or activity. BMI, indices of tissue dysfunction and duration of hospital stay following surgery correlated with BCAA metabolizing enzyme expression and metabolite levels in AA and SAT. Conclusion: This study proposes that in a setting of obesity, dysregulated BCAA catabolism could be an effective surrogate to determine cardiac surgery outcomes and plausibly predict premature re-hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipsikha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Kathleen Tozer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Khoi T. Dao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Lester J. Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Angella Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Amy Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Intekhab Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Alexandra M. Yip
- New Brunswick Heart Centre, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Christie Aguiar
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
- New Brunswick Heart Centre, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Hany Motawea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Keith R. Brunt
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jennifer Shea
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jean F. Legare
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
- New Brunswick Heart Centre, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Ansar Hassan
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
- New Brunswick Heart Centre, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Petra C. Kienesberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Thomas Pulinilkunnil
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ALMEIDA APD, FORTES FS, SILVEIRA BKS, REIS NDA, HERMSDORFf HHM. Branched-Chain amino acids intake is negatively related to body adiposity in individuals at cardiometabolic risk. REV NUTR 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865202033e190208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To assess the relationship between branched-chain amino acids intake in the current diet and the metabolic and body adiposity markers in a population at cardiovascular risk. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 282 adults and elderly people from the Cardiovascular Health Care Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and body composition data, as well as metabolic biomarkers were collected using standardized protocols. Dietary intake of branched amino acids was assessed using a 24-hour recall. Results Individuals with a higher branched-chain amino acids intake (≥2.6g/day, median value) had lower body fat (29.6 vs 32.2%; p=0.019), and higher serum ferritin (113.2 vs. 60.1mg/dL; p=0.006) and uric acid concentrations (4.4 vs. 4.0; p=0.023). In addition, a lower prevalence of overweight and excessive abdominal fat (p<0.05) was found in the individuals with higher branched-chain amino acids intake. They also had a higher daily intake of fiber, copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron, as well as a lower intake of total lipids. Conclusion In the present study, the intake of branched amino acids is negatively related to total and central adiposity, but more studies are needed to fully elucidate this possible relationship. (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, code RBR-5n4y2g).
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High Protein Diet and Metabolic Plasticity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Myths and Truths. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122985. [PMID: 31817648 PMCID: PMC6950466 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by lipid accumulation within the liver affecting 1 in 4 people worldwide. As the new silent killer of the twenty-first century, NAFLD impacts on both the request and the availability of new liver donors. The liver is the first line of defense against endogenous and exogenous metabolites and toxins. It also retains the ability to switch between different metabolic pathways according to food type and availability. This ability becomes a disadvantage in obesogenic societies where most people choose a diet based on fats and carbohydrates while ignoring vitamins and fiber. The chronic exposure to fats and carbohydrates induces dramatic changes in the liver zonation and triggers the development of insulin resistance. Common believes on NAFLD and different diets are based either on epidemiological studies, or meta-analysis, which are not controlled evidences; in most of the cases, they are biased on test-subject type and their lifestyles. The highest success in reverting NAFLD can be attributed to diets based on high protein instead of carbohydrates. In this review, we discuss the impact of NAFLD on body metabolic plasticity. We also present a detailed analysis of the most recent studies that evaluate high-protein diets in NAFLD with a special focus on the liver and the skeletal muscle protein metabolisms.
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Glycine Metabolism and Its Alterations in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061356. [PMID: 31208147 PMCID: PMC6627940 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine is the proteinogenic amino-acid of lowest molecular weight, harboring a hydrogen atom as a side-chain. In addition to being a building-block for proteins, glycine is also required for multiple metabolic pathways, such as glutathione synthesis and regulation of one-carbon metabolism. Although generally viewed as a non-essential amino-acid, because it can be endogenously synthesized to a certain extent, glycine has also been suggested as a conditionally essential amino acid. In metabolic disorders associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLDs), lower circulating glycine levels have been consistently observed, and clinical studies suggest the existence of beneficial effects induced by glycine supplementation. The present review aims at synthesizing the recent advances in glycine metabolism, pinpointing its main metabolic pathways, identifying the causes leading to glycine deficiency-especially in obesity and associated metabolic disorders-and evaluating the potential benefits of increasing glycine availability to curb the progression of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disturbances. This study focuses on the importance of diet, gut microbiota, and liver metabolism in determining glycine availability in obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Biswas D, Duffley L, Pulinilkunnil T. Role of branched‐chain amino acid–catabolizing enzymes in intertissue signaling, metabolic remodeling, and energy homeostasis. FASEB J 2019; 33:8711-8731. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802842rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipsikha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
| | - Luke Duffley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
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Okekunle AP, Zhang M, Wang Z, Onwuka JU, Wu X, Feng R, Li C. Dietary branched-chain amino acids intake exhibited a different relationship with type 2 diabetes and obesity risk: a meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:187-195. [PMID: 30413881 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess whether oral branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation exerts influence on circulating BCAA and the significance of dietary BCAA in type 2 diabetes and obesity risk. METHOD We searched PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane library through June 2018 to retrieve and screen published reports for inclusion in the meta-analysis after methodological assessment. Heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using I2 statistics, while sensitivity analysis and funnel plot were used to evaluate the potential effect of individual studies on the overall estimates and publication bias, respectively, using RevMan 5.3. RESULT Eight articles on randomized clinical trial of oral BCAA supplementation, and seven articles on dietary BCAA intake and type 2 diabetes/obesity risks were eligible for inclusion in our meta-analyses. Mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) of circulating leucine was 39.65 (3.54, 75.76) µmol/L, P = 0.03 post-BCAA supplementation. Also, OR and 95% CI for higher total BCAA intake and metabolic disorder risks were, 1.32 (1.14, 1.53), P = 0.0003-type 2 diabetes and 0.62 (0.47, 0.82), P = 0.0008-obesity. CONCLUSION Oral BCAA supplementation exerts modest influence on circulating leucine profile and higher total BCAA intake is positively and contra-positively associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity risk, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Mudanjiang City Health Supervision, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Justina Ucheojor Onwuka
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Rennan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunlong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People's Republic of China.
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Rockel JS, Kapoor M. The Metabolome and Osteoarthritis: Possible Contributions to Symptoms and Pathology. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040092. [PMID: 30551581 PMCID: PMC6315757 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, deteriorative disease of articular joints. Although traditionally viewed as a local pathology, biomarker exploration has shown that systemic changes can be observed. These include changes to cytokines, microRNAs, and more recently, metabolites. The metabolome is the set of metabolites within a biological sample and includes circulating amino acids, lipids, and sugar moieties. Recent studies suggest that metabolites in the synovial fluid and blood could be used as biomarkers for OA incidence, prognosis, and response to therapy. However, based on clinical, demographic, and anthropometric factors, the local synovial joint and circulating metabolomes may be patient specific, with select subsets of metabolites contributing to OA disease. This review explores the contribution of the local and systemic metabolite changes to OA, and their potential impact on OA symptoms and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Rockel
- Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Okekunle AP, Wu X, Feng R, Li Y, Sun C. Higher intakes of energy-adjusted dietary amino acids are inversely associated with obesity risk. Amino Acids 2018; 51:373-382. [PMID: 30377838 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the relationship between energy-adjusted amino acids (EAA) intakes and obesity risk using data on nutrient intakes derived from the Chinese food composition tables to determine dietary intakes (DI) among 1109 obese and 3009 normal weight subjects. Dietary patterns (DP) were identified using principal component analysis, multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of obesity risk by quartiles of EAA intakes was estimated using logistic regression with two-sided P < 0.05. Multivariable-adjusted OR and 95% CI for obesity risk were 1.00, 0.801 (0.573, 1.119), 0.718 (0.504, 1.024) and 0.532 (0.353, 0.803) P-trend = 0.003 across energy-adjusted quartiles of total AA intakes. Similarly, higher DI of 13 AA; isoleucine, leucine, valine, lysine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, threonine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, and serine were associated with lower risk of obesity. Furthermore, six DP; 'Wheaten food and Rice', 'Fruit, Vegetables and Milk', 'Snack, Beverage and Ice cream', 'Potatoes, Soybean & Egg', 'Livestock & Poultry meat' and 'Fish' were identified. Multivariable-adjusted OR and 95% CI across quartiles of DP adherence for obesity risk were 1.00, 0.737 (0.535, 1.017), 0.563 (0.406, 0.779), 0.724 (0.518, 1.011) P-trend = 0.018 for 'Fruit, Vegetables and Milk', 1.00, 0.734 (0.531, 1.013), 0.841(0.609, 1.161), 0.657 (0.478, 0.904) P-trend = 0.027 for 'Potatoes, Soybean & Egg' and 1.00, 1.106 (0.791, 1.548), 1.367(0.975, 1.917), 1.953 (1.399, 2.726) P-trend = 0.000 for 'Fish'. Additionally, lower adherence to 'Snack, Beverage and Ice cream' and 'Fish' patterns is associated with a protective higher AA intake-obesity risk relationship. Energy-adjusted AA intakes were inversely associated with obesity risk, but the associations appear modifiable by DP adherence of respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rennan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Parini P, Giuliani C, Santoro A. Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:576-590. [PMID: 30046148 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1817] [Impact Index Per Article: 259.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ageing and age-related diseases share some basic mechanistic pillars that largely converge on inflammation. During ageing, chronic, sterile, low-grade inflammation - called inflammaging - develops, which contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. From an evolutionary perspective, a variety of stimuli sustain inflammaging, including pathogens (non-self), endogenous cell debris and misplaced molecules (self) and nutrients and gut microbiota (quasi-self). A limited number of receptors, whose degeneracy allows them to recognize many signals and to activate the innate immune responses, sense these stimuli. In this situation, metaflammation (the metabolic inflammation accompanying metabolic diseases) is thought to be the form of chronic inflammation that is driven by nutrient excess or overnutrition; metaflammation is characterized by the same mechanisms underpinning inflammaging. The gut microbiota has a central role in both metaflammation and inflammaging owing to its ability to release inflammatory products, contribute to circadian rhythms and crosstalk with other organs and systems. We argue that chronic diseases are not only the result of ageing and inflammaging; these diseases also accelerate the ageing process and can be considered a manifestation of accelerated ageing. Finally, we propose the use of new biomarkers (DNA methylation, glycomics, metabolomics and lipidomics) that are capable of assessing biological versus chronological age in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Parini
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Shimura H, Mitsui T, Kira S, Ihara T, Sawada N, Nakagomi H, Miyamoto T, Tsuchiya S, Kanda M, Takeda M. Metabolomic Analysis of Overactive Bladder in Male Patients: Identification of Potential Metabolite Biomarkers. Urology 2018; 118:158-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Palomino-Schätzlein M, Simó R, Hernández C, Ciudin A, Mateos-Gregorio P, Hernández-Mijares A, Pineda-Lucena A, Herance JR. Metabolic fingerprint of insulin resistance in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199351. [PMID: 30005063 PMCID: PMC6044522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at determining the metabolic profile of PMNs in obese subjects, and to explore its potential relationship with insulin resistance (IR). To achieve this goal, a pilot clinical study was performed using PMNs from 17 patients with obesity and IR, and 17 lean controls without IR, which was validated in an additional smaller cohort (consisting of 10 patients and 10 controls). PMNs were isolated from peripheral blood and nuclear magnetic resonance was used to perform the metabolomic analysis. A total of 48 metabolites were quantified. The main metabolic change found in PMNs was a significant increase in 2-aminoisobutyric acid with a direct correlation with HOMA-IR (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.000001) and waist circumference (p<0.000001). By contrast, a decrease of 3-hydroxyisovalerate was observed with an inverse correlation with HOMA-IR (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.001) and waist circumference (p = 0.0001). Notably, the metabolic profile in plasma was different than that obtained in PMNs. In summary, our results suggest that the change in 3-hydroxyisovalerate and 2-aminoisobutyric is the key metabolic fingerprint in PMNs of obese subjects with IR. In addition, our methodology could be an easy and reliable tool for monitoring the effect of treatments in the setting of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Palomino-Schätzlein
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: (JRH); (MP); (RS)
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (JRH); (MP); (RS)
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreea Ciudin
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Mateos-Gregorio
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Raúl Herance
- Medical Molecular Imaging Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, CIBERbbn, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (JRH); (MP); (RS)
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Martinic A, Barouei J, Bendiks Z, Mishchuk D, Heeney DD, Martin R, Marco ML, Slupsky CM. Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum Improves Markers of Metabolic Dysfunction Induced by a High Fat Diet. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2790-2802. [PMID: 29931981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent chronic condition in many developed and developing nations that raises the risk for developing heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Previous studies have shown that consuming particular probiotic strains of Lactobacillus is associated with improvement in the obese and diabetic phenotype; however, the mechanisms of these beneficial effects are not well understood. In this study, C57BL/6J male mice were fed a lard-based high fat diet for 15 weeks with Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation NCIMB8826 (Lp) between weeks 10 and 15 ( n = 10 per group). Systemic metabolic effects of supplementation were analyzed by NMR metabolomics, protein expression assays, gene transcript quantification, and 16S rRNA marker gene sequencing. Body and organ weights were not significantly different with Lp supplementation, and no microbiota community structure changes were observed in the cecum; however, L. plantarum numbers were increased in the treatment group according to culture-based and 16S rRNA gene quantification. Significant differences in metabolite and protein concentrations (serum, liver, and colon), gene expression (ileum and adipose), and cytokines (colon) were observed between groups with increases in the gene expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum and cecum and improvement of some markers of glucose homeostasis in blood and tissue with Lp supplementation. These results indicate Lp supplementation impacts systemic metabolism and immune signaling before phenotypic changes and without large-scale changes to the microbiome. This study supports the notion that Lp is a beneficial probiotic, even in the context of a high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roy Martin
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center , USDA , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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Bhupathiraju SN, Guasch-Ferré M, Gadgil MD, Newgard CB, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Ilkayeva OR, Scholtens DM, Hu FB, Kanaya AM, Kandula NR. Dietary Patterns among Asian Indians Living in the United States Have Distinct Metabolomic Profiles That Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk. J Nutr 2018; 148:1150-1159. [PMID: 29893901 PMCID: PMC6251517 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies, primarily in non-Hispanic whites, suggest that dietary patterns have distinct metabolomic signatures that may influence disease risk. However, evidence in South Asians, a group with unique dietary patterns and a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk, is lacking. Objective We investigated the metabolomic profiles associated with 2 distinct dietary patterns among a sample of Asian Indians living in the United States. We also examined the cross-sectional associations between metabolomic profiles and cardiometabolic risk markers. Methods We used cross-sectional data from 145 Asian Indians, aged 45-79 y, in the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) pilot study. Metabolomic profiles were measured from fasting serum samples. Usual diet was assessed by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We used principal components analysis to derive dietary and metabolomic patterns. We used adjusted general linear regression models to examine associations between dietary patterns, individual food groups, metabolite patterns, and cardiometabolic risk markers. Results We observed 2 major principal components or metabolite clusters, the first comprised primarily of medium- to long-chain acylcarnitines (metabolite pattern 1) and the second characterized by branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and short-chain acylcarnitines (metabolite pattern 2). A "Western/nonvegetarian" pattern was significantly and positively associated with metabolite pattern 2 (all participants: β ± SE = 0.180 ± 0.090, P = 0.05; participants without type 2 diabetes: β ± SE = 0.323 ± 0.090, P = 0.0005). In all participants, higher scores on metabolite pattern 2 were adversely associated with measures of glycemia (fasting insulin: β ± SE = 2.91 ± 1.29, P = 0.03; 2-h insulin: β ± SE = 22.1 ± 10.3, P = 0.03; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: β ± SE = 0.94 ± 0.42, P = 0.03), total adiponectin (β ± SE = -1.46 ± 0.47, P = 0.002), lipids (total cholesterol: β ± SE = 7.51 ± 3.45, P = 0.03; triglycerides: β ± SE = 14.4 ± 6.67, P = 0.03), and a radiographic measure of hepatic fat (liver-to-spleen attenuation ratio: β ± SE = -0.83 ± 0.42, P = 0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that a "Western/nonvegetarian" dietary pattern is associated with a metabolomic profile that is related to an adverse cardiometabolic profile in Asian Indians. Public health efforts to reduce cardiometabolic disease burden in this high-risk group should focus on consuming a healthy plant-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Meghana D Gadgil
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology
Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology
Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology
Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Sarah W Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology
Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Namratha R Kandula
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Morris JK, Piccolo BD, Shankar K, Thyfault JP, Adams SH. The serum metabolomics signature of type 2 diabetes is obscured in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E584-E596. [PMID: 29351484 PMCID: PMC6032067 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00377.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence for systemic metabolic impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases AD risk. Although studies analyzing blood metabolomics signatures have shown differences between cognitively healthy (CH) and AD subjects, these signatures have not been compared with individuals with T2D. We utilized untargeted analysis platforms (primary metabolism and complex lipids) to characterize the serum metabolome of 126 overnight-fasted elderly subjects classified into four groups based upon AD status (CH or AD) and T2D status [nondiabetic (ND) or T2D]. Cognitive diagnosis groups were a priori weighted equally with T2D subjects. We hypothesized that AD subjects would display a metabolic profile similar to cognitively normal elderly individuals with T2D. However, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) modeling resulted in poor classification across the four groups (<50% classification accuracy of test subjects). Binary classification of AD vs. CH was poor, but binary classification of T2D vs. ND was good, providing >79.5% and >76.9% classification accuracy for held-out samples using primary metabolism and complex lipids, respectively. When modeling was limited to CH subjects, T2D discrimination improved for the primary metabolism platform (>89.5%) and remained accurate for complex lipids (>73% accuracy). Greater abundances of glucose, fatty acids (C20:2), and phosphatidylcholines and lower abundances of glycine, maleimide, octanol, and tryptophan, cholesterol esters, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins were identified in CH subjects with T2D relative to those without T2D. In contrast, T2D was not accurately discriminated within AD subjects. Results herein suggest that AD may obscure the typical metabolic phenotype of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Morris
- University of Kansas Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, Kansas
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- University of Kansas Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, Kansas
- University of Kansas Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology , Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
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Mitsui T, Kira S, Ihara T, Sawada N, Nakagomi H, Miyamoto T, Shimura H, Yokomichi H, Takeda M. Metabolomics Approach to Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Identification of Possible Biomarkers and Potential Targets for New Treatments. J Urol 2018; 199:1312-1318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Mitsui
- Departments of Urology and Health Sciences (HY), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Satoru Kira
- Departments of Urology and Health Sciences (HY), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ihara
- Departments of Urology and Health Sciences (HY), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Norifumi Sawada
- Departments of Urology and Health Sciences (HY), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagomi
- Departments of Urology and Health Sciences (HY), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyamoto
- Departments of Urology and Health Sciences (HY), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimura
- Departments of Urology and Health Sciences (HY), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokomichi
- Departments of Urology and Health Sciences (HY), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Departments of Urology and Health Sciences (HY), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have increasingly been studied as playing a role in diabetes, with the PubMed search string "diabetes" AND "branched chain amino acids" showing particular growth in studies of the topic over the past decade (Fig. ). In the Young Finn's Study, BCAA and, to a lesser extent, the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine were associated with insulin resistance (IR) in men but not in women, whereas the gluconeogenic amino acids alanine, glutamine, or glycine, and several other amino acids (i.e. histidine, arginine, and tryptophan) did not show an association with IR. Obesity may track more strongly than metabolic syndrome and diabetes with elevated BCAA. In a study of 1302 people aged 40-79; higher levels of BCAA tracked with older age, male sex, and metabolic syndrome, as well as with obesity, cardiovascular risk, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and uric acid. Medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines, by-products of mitochondrial catabolism of BCAAs, as well as branched-chain keto acids and the BCAA themselves distinguished obese people having versus not having features of IR, and in a study of 898 patients with essential hypertension, the BCAA and tyrosine and phenylalanine were associated with metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose. In a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies, elevations in BCAA and, to a lesser extent, in alanine tracked with IR, whereas higher levels of glutamine and glycine were associated with lesser likelihood of IR. Given these associations with IR, it is not surprising that a number of studies have shown higher BCAA levels in people with and prior to development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), although this has particularly been shown in Caucasian and Asian ethnic groups while not appearing to occur in African Americans. Similarly, higher BCAA levels track with cardiovascular disease. [Figure: see text] The metabolism of BCAA involves two processes: (i) a reversible process catalysed by a branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT), either cytosolic or mitochondrial, requiring pyridoxal to function as an amino group carrier, by which the BCAA with 2-ketoglutarate produce a branched-chain keto acid plus glutamate; and (ii) the irreversible mitochondrial process catalysed by branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) leading to formation of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), propionyl-CoA, and 2-methylbutyryl-CoA from leucine, valine, and isoleucine, respectively, which enter the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle as acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and 2-methylbutyryl-CoA, respectively, leading to ATP formation. The BCAA stimulate secretion of both insulin and glucagon and, when given orally, of both glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), with oral administration leading to greater and more prolonged insulin and glucagon secretion. Insulin may particularly reduce BCAA turnover to a greater extent than that of other amino acids, and decreases the appearance and increases the uptake of amino acids. However, older studies of the effect of glucose or insulin on BCAA concentrations and rates of leucine appearance and oxidation showed no reduction in T2D, although the higher baseline levels of BCAA in obesity have long been recognized. Impaired function of BCAT and BCKDH has been posited, either as a primary genetic abnormality or due to effects of elevated fatty acids, proinflammatory cytokines, or insulin levels with consequent accumulation of branched-chain keto acids and metabolites such as diacylglycerol and ceramide, potentially contributing to the development of further insulin resistance, and decreased skeletal muscle BCAT and BCKDH expression has been shown in people with diabetes, supporting this concept. A Mendelian randomization study used measured variation in genes involved in BCAA metabolism to test the hypothesis of a causal effect of modifiable exposure on IR, showing that variants in protein phosphatase, Mg2+ /Mn2+ dependent 1K (PPM1K), a gene encoding the mitochondrial phosphatase activating the BCKDH complex, are associated with T2D, but another such study suggested that genetic variations associated with IR are causally related to higher BCAA levels. Another hypothesis involves the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which is activated by BCAA, as well as by insulin and glucose via cellular ATP availability. If this is the relevant pathway, BCAA overload may cause insulin resistance by activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as well as by leading to increases in acylcarnitines, with mTOR seen in this scenario as a central signal of cross-talk between the BCAA and insulin. At this point, whether whole-body or tissue-specific BCAA metabolism is increased or decreased in states of insulin-resistant obesity and T2D is uncertain. Insulin action in the hypothalamus induces but overfeeding decreases hepatic BCKDH, leading to the concept that hypothalamic insulin resistance impairs BCAA metabolism in obesity and diabetes, so that plasma BCAAs may be markers of hypothalamic insulin action rather than direct mediators of changes in IR. A way to address this may be to understand the effects of changes in diet and other interventions on BCAA, as well as on IR and T2D. In an animal model, lowering dietary BCAA increased energy expenditure and improved insulin sensitivity. Two large human population studies showed an association of estimated dietary BCAA intake with T2D risk, although another population study showed higher dietary BCAA to be associated with lower T2D risk. Ethnic differences, reflecting underlying differences in genetic variants, may be responsible for such differences. In the study of Asghari et al. in the current issue of the Journal of Diabetes, BCAA intake was associated with the development of subsequent IR. Studies of bariatric surgery suggest lower basal and post-insulin infusion BCAA levels are associated with greater insulin sensitivity, with reductions in BCAA not seen with weight loss per se with gastric band procedures, but occurring after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, an intervention that may have metabolic benefits over and above those from reduction in body weight. The gut microbiota may be important for the supply of the BCAA to mammalian hosts, either by de novo biosynthesis or by modifying nutrient absorption. A final fascinating preliminary set of observations is that of the effects of empagliflozin on metabolomics; evidence of increased Krebs cycle activation and of higher levels of BCAA metabolites, such as acylcarnitines, suggests that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition may, to some extent, involve BCAA metabolism. Certainly, we do not yet have a full understanding of these complex associations. However, the suggestion of multiple roles of BCAA in the development of IR promises to be important and to lead to the development of novel effective T2D therapies.
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Bagheri M, Farzadfar F, Qi L, Yekaninejad MS, Chamari M, Zeleznik OA, Kalantar Z, Ebrahimi Z, Sheidaie A, Koletzko B, Uhl O, Djazayery A. Obesity-Related Metabolomic Profiles and Discrimination of Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1452-1462. [PMID: 29493238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A particular subgroup of obese adults, considered as metabolically healthy obese (MHO), has a reduced risk of metabolic complications. However, the molecular basis contributing to this healthy phenotype remains unclear. The objective of this work was to identify obesity-related metabolite patterns differed between MHO and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) groups and examine whether these patterns are associated with the development of cardiometabolic disorders in a sample of Iranian adult population aged 18-50 years. Valid metabolites were defined as metabolites that passed the quality control analysis of the study. In this case-control study, 104 valid metabolites of 107 MHO and 100 MUHO patients were separately compared to those of 78 normal-weight metabolically healthy (NWMH) adults. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate all potential relations in the study. A targeted metabolomic approach using liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was employed to profile plasma metabolites. The study revealed that, after Bonferroni correction, branched-chain amino-acids, tyrosine, glutamic acid, diacyl-phosphatidylcholines C32:1 and C38:3 were directly and acyl-carnitine C18:2, acyl-lysophosphatidylcholines C18:1 and C18:2, and alkyl-lysophosphatidylcholines C18.0 were inversely associated with MHO phenotype. The same patterns were observed in MUHO patients except for the acyl-carnitine and lysophosphatidylcholine profiles where acyl-carnitine C3:0 and acyl-lysophosphatidylcholine C16:1 were higher and acyl-lysophosphatidylcholines C18:1, C18:2 were lower in this phenotype. Furthermore, proline, and diacyl-phosphatidylcholines C32:2 and C34:2 were directly and serine, asparagines, and acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholine C34:3 were negatively linked to MUHO group. Factors composed of amino acids were directly and those containing lysophosphatidylcholines were inversely related to cardiometabolic biomarkers in both phenotypes. Interestingly, the diacyl-phosphatidylcholines-containing factor was directly associated with cardiometabolic disorders in the MUHO group. A particular pattern of amino acids and choline-containing phospholipids may aid in the identification of metabolic health among obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Bagheri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416-643931, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416-643931, Iran
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416-643931, Iran
| | - Maryam Chamari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416-643931, Iran
| | - Oana A Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine , Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Zahra Kalantar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416-643931, Iran
| | - Zarin Ebrahimi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd 8916-877391 , Iran
| | - Ali Sheidaie
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416-643931, Iran
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 80337 Munich , Germany
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 80337 Munich , Germany
| | - Abolghasem Djazayery
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416-643931, Iran
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Okekunle AP, Wu X, Duan W, Feng R, Li Y, Sun C. Dietary Intakes of Branched-Chained Amino Acid and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: The Harbin Cohort Study on Diet, Nutrition and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Study. Can J Diabetes 2017; 42:484-492.e7. [PMID: 29625864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intakes and risk for type 2 diabetes. METHODS Dietary intakes were assessed in 1,804 people with type 2 diabetes and 7,020 controls with information on nutrient intakes, including BCAAs derived from Chinese food composition tables. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns (DPs) and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of type 2 diabetes, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by quartiles of BCAAs were estimated using logistic regression with 2-sided p<0.05. RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CI were 1.00, 1.297 (1.087 to 1.548), 1.380 (1.153 to 1.652) and 1.561 (1.291 to 1.888), p<0.0001, across energy-adjusted quartiles of total BCAA intakes. We identified 6 DPs: wheaten foods; vegetables, fruit and milk; beverages and snacks; potatoes, soybean and egg; meat; and fish. Multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CI across quartiles of total BCAA intakes for people with type 2 diabetes within the 4th quartile of DPs were 1.00, 1.337 (0.940 to 1.903); 1.579 (1.065 to 2.343); 2.412 (1.474 to 3.947); Pfor trend=0.001 for vegetables, fruit and milk, 1.00, 1.309 (0.930 to 1.842), 1.328 (0.888 to 1.985), 2.044 (1.179 to 3.544); Pfor trend=0.028 for meat and 1.00, 1.043 (0.720 to 1.509), 1.497 (0.969 to 2.312), 1.896 (1.067 to 3.367); Pfor trend=0.017 for fish. CONCLUSIONS BCAA intakes and type 2 diabetes risk depend on the context of DPs, not exclusively on BCAA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rennan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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