Adolescents' expectancies for smoking to regulate affect predict smoking behavior and nicotine dependence over time

Depressive mood and tobacco use: moderating effects of gender and emotional attention

INTRODUCTION

Depressive symptomatology is a predictive variable of tobacco use. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence that this symptomatology has on tobacco use when moderated by emotional attention.

METHODS

A total of 289 participants (127 males, 162 females) completed a survey to measure perceived emotional intelligence, depressive symptomatology, tobacco use and sociodemographic variables. Results were analyzed using a multiple regression model that included self-perceived emotional attention as a moderating variable.

RESULTS

In women, an interaction was found between depressive symptomatology and gender for predicting the number of cigarettes smoked (t=2.45; p=.01), but not in men (t=-.74; p=.45). This interaction was moderated by emotional attention (t=2.83; p=.005), such that women with medium and high levels of attention consumed a larger number of cigarettes.

CONCLUSIONS

In women, the effect of depressive symptomatology on tobacco use was moderated by the amount of attention that women paid to those symptoms. Such a moderating effect of attention was not observed in men. We recommend that smoking cessation programs incorporate interventions designed specifically for women, in particular to help them manage depressive symptomatology.