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Ventura SPM, e Silva FA, Gonçalves AMM, Pereira JL, Gonçalves F, Coutinho JAP. Ecotoxicity analysis of cholinium-based ionic liquids to Vibrio fischeri marine bacteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 102:48-54. [PMID: 24580821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cholinium-based ionic liquids are quaternary ammonium salts with a wide range of potential industrial applications. Based on the fact that the cholinium is a complex B vitamin and widely used as food additive, the cholinium-based ionic liquids are generically regarded as environmentally "harmless" and thus, accepted as "non-toxic", although their ecotoxicological profile is poorly known. This work provides new ecotoxicological data for ten cholinium-based salts and ionic liquids, aiming to extend the surprisingly restricted body of knowledge about the ecotoxicity of this particular family and to gain insight on the toxicity mechanism of these compounds. The results reported here show that not all the cholinium tested can be considered harmless towards the test organism adopted. Moreover, the results suggest that the cholinium family exhibits a different mechanism of toxicity as compared to the imidazolium ionic liquids previously described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisca A e Silva
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M M Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; IMAR-CMA (Instituto do Mar), Departamento das Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana L Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Cvjetko Bubalo M, Hanousek K, Radošević K, Gaurina Srček V, Jakovljević T, Radojčić Redovniković I. Imidiazolium based ionic liquids: effects of different anions and alkyl chains lengths on the barley seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 101:116-23. [PMID: 24507136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of five imidiazolium based ionic liquids with different anions and length of alkyl chains linked to imidazolium ring on the early development of barley (Hordeum vulgare). The inhibitory effect depends on the ionic liquids concentration and chemical structure, whereby the most toxic one was [C10mim][Br], followed by [C7mim][Br], [C4mim][Br], [C4mim][CH3CO2] and [C4mim][BF4]. Both anion and cation structures affected the toxicity of ionic liquid indicating that selection of more biocompatible anions such as [CH3CO2] does not necessarily indicate lower toxicity. Alternation in the extent of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities were found in barley plants due to ionic liquid treatments. When seedlings were exposed to higher concentrations of ionic liquids, antioxidant system could not effectively remove reactive oxidative species, leading to lipid peroxidation and damage of the photosynthetic system. However, overall data indicated that the performance of barley seedling was improved when all measured enzymes involved in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased with special emphasis on GPX activities. Since there are no studies about ionic liquid (IL) toxicity in plants, that simultaneously evaluates the antioxidative enzyme system in response to different ILs, this work is valuable for gaining knowledge about the protection mechanism of plants from oxidative stress caused by IL exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cvjetko Bubalo
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karla Hanousek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Radošević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Višnja Gaurina Srček
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Jakovljević
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | - Ivana Radojčić Redovniković
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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53
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Portillo MDC, Saadeddin A. Recent trends in ionic liquid (IL) tolerant enzymes and microorganisms for biomass conversion. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 35:294-301. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.843069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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54
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Egorova KS, Ananikov VP. Toxicity of ionic liquids: eco(cyto)activity as complicated, but unavoidable parameter for task-specific optimization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:336-60. [PMID: 24399804 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress in the field of ionic liquids in recent decades led to the development of many outstanding energy-conversion processes, catalytic systems, synthetic procedures, and important practical applications. Task-specific optimization emerged as a sharpening stone for the fine-tuning of structure of ionic liquids, which resulted in unprecedented efficiency at the molecular level. Ionic-liquid systems showed promising opportunities in the development of green and sustainable technologies; however, the chemical nature of ionic liquids is not intrinsically green. Many ionic liquids were found to be toxic or even highly toxic towards cells and living organisms. In this Review, we show that biological activity and cytotoxicity of ionic liquids dramatically depend on the nature of a biological system. An ionic liquid may be not toxic for particular cells or organisms, but may demonstrate high toxicity towards another target present in the environment. Thus, a careful selection of biological activity data is a must for the correct assessment of chemical technologies involving ionic liquids. In addition to the direct biological activity (immediate response), several indirect effects and aftereffects are of primary importance. The following principal factors were revealed to modulate toxicity of ionic liquids: i) length of an alkyl chain in the cation; ii) degree of functionalization in the side chain of the cation; iii) anion nature; iv) cation nature; and v) mutual influence of anion and cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Egorova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991 (Russia)
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Ferraz R, Teixeira V, Rodrigues D, Fernandes R, Prudêncio C, Noronha JP, Petrovski Ž, Branco LC. Antibacterial activity of Ionic Liquids based on ampicillin against resistant bacteria. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44286a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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56
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Khemchyan LL, Khokhlova EA, Seitkalieva MM, Ananikov VP. Efficient Sustainable Tool for Monitoring Chemical Reactions and Structure Determination in Ionic Liquids by ESI-MS. ChemistryOpen 2013; 2:208-14. [PMID: 24551568 PMCID: PMC3892193 DOI: 10.1002/open.201300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An easy and convenient procedure is described for monitoring chemical reactions and characterization of compounds dissolved in ionic liquids using the well-known tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technique. Generation of wastes was avoided by utilizing an easy procedure for analysis of ionic liquid systems without preliminary isolation and purification. The described procedure also decreased the risk of plausible contamination and damage of the ESI-MS hardware and increased sensitivity and accuracy of the measurements. ESI-MS detection in MS/MS mode was shown to be efficient in ionic liquids systems for structural and mechanistic studies, which are rather difficult otherwise. The developed ESI-MS/MS approach was applied to study samples corresponding to peptide systems in ionic liquids and to platform chemical directed biomass conversion in ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon L Khemchyan
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991 (Russia) E-mail:
| | - Elena A Khokhlova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991 (Russia) E-mail:
| | - Marina M Seitkalieva
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991 (Russia) E-mail:
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991 (Russia) E-mail:
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Borowiecki P, Milner-Krawczyk M, Plenkiewicz J. Chemoenzymatic synthesis and biological evaluation of enantiomerically enriched 1-(β-hydroxypropyl)imidazolium- and triazolium-based ionic liquids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:516-25. [PMID: 23616792 PMCID: PMC3628848 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Racemic 1-(β-hydroxypropyl)azoles were prepared by solvent-free direct regioselective ring opening of 1,2-propylene oxide with imidazole or 1,2,4-triazole. Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of alcohols with vinyl acetate resulted in kinetic enantiomers resolution. Separated (S)-enantiomers of (+)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol and (+)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol were quaternized with alkyl bromides or iodides, yielding novel optically active ionic liquids. Racemic salts were tested against a wide range of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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58
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Duan E, Li Z, Liu J, Liu Y, Song Y, Guan J, Yang K. Anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of caprolactam-tetrabutyl ammonium bromide ionic liquid to methanogenic gas production. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42638f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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59
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Borowiecki P, Milner-Krawczyk M, Brzezińska D, Wielechowska M, Plenkiewicz J. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Imidazolium and Triazolium Chiral Ionic Liquids. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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