51
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Pneumatic nebulization gas–solid extraction of triazine herbicides in vegetable. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1304:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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52
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Monitoring of phytochemicals in fresh and fresh-cut vegetables: a comparison. Food Chem 2013; 142:392-9. [PMID: 24001857 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bearing in mind that fresh-cut market is currently the fastest growing subsector in the food industry, a comparison of the levels of phytochemicals in fresh and fresh-cut vegetables has been carried out. Thus, several families of phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids, isoflavones, flavones, flavonols and glucosinolates were determined in fresh and fresh-cut samples including tomato, carrot, grape, eggplant and broccoli. Both type of products have potential and similar beneficial properties, regarding its content as phytochemicals, except tomato, which should be consumed as fresh. Other factors such as commercial presentation (sliced, grated, diced) and storage conditions (temperature and light) were evaluated observing that in eggplant, the content of phenolic acids is statistically different depending on the presentation. On the other hand, the content of phytochemicals was higher when fresh-cut carrots were stored at 4°C regardless of the presence or absence of light. Multivariate analysis, based on cluster analysis was used as a first approach to distinguish between fresh and fresh-cut samples, obtaining good results except for eggplant and carrot.
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Pinto P, Cardoso S, Pimpão RC, Tavares L, Ferreira RB, Santos CN. Daily polyphenol intake from fresh fruits in Portugal: contribution from berry fruits. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:1022-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.816938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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54
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Dallat MAT, Soerjomataram I, Hunter RF, Tully MA, Cairns KJ, Kee F. Urban greenways have the potential to increase physical activity levels cost-effectively. Eur J Public Health 2013; 24:190-5. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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55
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Reiss R, Johnston J, Tucker K, DeSesso JM, Keen CL. Estimation of cancer risks and benefits associated with a potential increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4421-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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56
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Red and processed meat consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 67:91-5. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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57
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Balansky R, Ganchev G, Iltcheva M, Kratchanova M, Denev P, Kratchanov C, Polasa K, D'Agostini F, Steele VE, De Flora S. Inhibition of lung tumor development by berry extracts in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:1991-7. [PMID: 22328465 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) and dietary factors play a major role in cancer epidemiology. At the same time, however, the diet is the richest source of anticancer agents. Berries possess a broad array of health protective properties and were found to attenuate the yield of tumors induced by individual carcinogens in the rodent digestive tract and mammary gland but failed to prevent lung tumors induced by typical CS components in mice. We exposed whole-body Swiss ICR mice to mainstream CS, starting at birth and continuing daily for 4 months. Aqueous extracts of black chokeberry and strawberry were given as the only source of drinking water, starting after weaning and continuing for 7 months, thus mimicking an intervention in current smokers. In the absence of berries, CS caused a loss of body weight, induced early cytogenetical damage in circulating erythrocytes and histopathological alterations in lung (emphysema, blood vessel proliferation, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and adenomas), liver (parenchymal degeneration) and urinary bladder (epithelial hyperplasia). Both berry extracts inhibited the CS-related body weight loss, cytogenetical damage, liver degeneration, pulmonary emphysema and lung adenomas. Protective effects were more pronounced in female mice, which may be ascribed to modulation by berry components of the metabolism of estrogens implicated in lung carcinogenesis. Interestingly, both the carcinogen and the chemopreventive agents tested are complex mixtures that contain a multitude of components working through composite mechanisms.
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58
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Morimoto JM, Marchioni DML, Cesar CLG, Fisberg RM. Statistical Innovations Improve Prevalence Estimates of Nutrient Risk Populations: Applications in São Paulo, Brazil. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012; 112:1614-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Regular intake of fruit and vegetables (F&Vs) has been widely recommended to improve the health of the population. Observational studies show a preventive effect of long-term consumption of adequate nutrients on cancer, diabetes, dementia and other age-related diseases. However, the short-term impact of F&V intake in more specific populations has been under-researched. In the hospital setting, economic choices and logistic problems result in poor quality of food in general, and particularly in fresh F&Vs. As hospital geriatricians, we set out to address the issue of F&V intake in elderly hospitalized patients, for whom we felt F&Vs might be beneficial in association with a protein and energy-dense diet. RECENT FINDINGS In the community and in nursing homes, F&V consumption is associated with better overall food intake and improved quality of life in older patients. SUMMARY General inspection of the literature suggests that F&Vs may be beneficial to elderly hospitalized patients, but no clinical studies have been conducted. There is a need to address the question of the impact of improved quality and quantity of F&Vs on quality of life, total food intake and constipation, particularly in hospitalized elderly patients who often stay in hospital for long periods. Positive results might help to promote F&V consumption in diverse populations, with the objective of improving eating pleasure for better health.
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60
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Parkin DM, Boyd L. 4. Cancers attributable to dietary factors in the UK in 2010. I. Low consumption of fruit and vegetables. Br J Cancer 2011; 105 Suppl 2:S19-23. [PMID: 22158313 PMCID: PMC3252058 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D M Parkin
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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61
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Lee JE, Park E, Lee JE, Auh JH, Choi HK, Lee J, Cho S, Kim JH. Effects of a Rubus coreanus Miquel supplement on plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy Korean men. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:429-34. [PMID: 22125680 PMCID: PMC3221828 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.5.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Korean raspberry, Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM), contains high concentrations of phenolic compounds, which prevent oxidative stress. To determine the effect of RCM on antioxidant capacity in humans, we assessed in vivo lipid oxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities from plasma in 15 healthy men. The subjects ingested 30 g of freeze-dried RCM daily for 4 weeks. Blood was taken at baseline and at the end of the study to determine blood lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose, liver function, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities. RCM supplementation had no effect on blood lipid or fasting plasma glucose concentrations but decreased alkaline phosphatase activity. RCM supplementation increased glutathione peroxidase activities (P < 0.05) but had no effect on lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that short-term RCM supplementation may offer health benefits by enhancing antioxidant capacity in a healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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62
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Rajendran P, Ho E, Williams DE, Dashwood RH. Dietary phytochemicals, HDAC inhibition, and DNA damage/repair defects in cancer cells. Clin Epigenetics 2011; 3:4. [PMID: 22247744 PMCID: PMC3255482 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-3-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a common feature of cancer etiology. This provides an avenue for therapeutic intervention, since cancer cells are more susceptible than normal cells to DNA damaging agents. However, there is growing evidence that the epigenetic mechanisms that impact DNA methylation and histone status also contribute to genomic instability. The DNA damage response, for example, is modulated by the acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins, and by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. Many HDACs overexpressed in cancer cells have been implicated in protecting such cells from genotoxic insults. Thus, HDAC inhibitors, in addition to unsilencing tumor suppressor genes, also can silence DNA repair pathways, inactivate non-histone proteins that are required for DNA stability, and induce reactive oxygen species and DNA double-strand breaks. This review summarizes how dietary phytochemicals that affect the epigenome also can trigger DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Where such data is available, examples are cited from studies in vitro and in vivo of polyphenols, organosulfur/organoselenium compounds, indoles, sesquiterpene lactones, and miscellaneous agents such as anacardic acid. Finally, by virtue of their genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, cancer chemopreventive agents are being redefined as chemo- or radio-sensitizers. A sustained DNA damage response coupled with insufficient repair may be a pivotal mechanism for apoptosis induction in cancer cells exposed to dietary phytochemicals. Future research, including appropriate clinical investigation, should clarify these emerging concepts in the context of both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms dysregulated in cancer, and the pros and cons of specific dietary intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Rajendran
- Cancer Chemoprotection Program, Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR 97331, USA
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63
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Wang SY, Chen H, Ehlenfeldt MK. Antioxidant capacities vary substantially among cultivars of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bornschein J, Rokkas T, Selgrad M, Malfertheiner P. Gastric cancer: clinical aspects, epidemiology and molecular background. Helicobacter 2011; 16 Suppl 1:45-52. [PMID: 21896085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The validity and usefulness of the 7th edition of the UICC tumor node metastasis classification in the context of clinical management of gastric cancer are discussed. The most relevant new agent in gastric cancer therapy is trastuzumab for HER2-positive gastric carcinomas. This marks the success of continuous effort of translational research. Trastuzumab, initially applied in palliative settings, is currently being evaluated also in neoadjuvant treatment regimens. Several new meta-analyses support the carcinogenic effect of high salt intake and smoking in the context of Helicobacter pylori infection. Further data have become available on the efficacy of protective agents, acetyl salicylic acid/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and antioxidants. In search for a successful prevention strategy, the focus is on the identification of individuals at high risk who demand screening (testing) and surveillance. Serological assessment of gastric mucosal abnormalities with increased risk for gastric cancer development is extensively studied, and new data are presented from Asia as well as from Europe. New high-throughput techniques combined with bioinformatic vector analysis open the gate to the identification of new potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, these approaches allow us to elucidate the interplay of bacterial virulence factors and the host's immune response as well as H. pylori-associated alterations of mucosal gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bornschein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Renehan AG, Soerjomataram I, Martin-Moreno JM, Coebergh JW. Foreword: Implementing cancer prevention in Europe. Eur J Cancer 2011; 46:2523-4. [PMID: 20843481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of risk factors underpinning the aetiology of many common cancers is well established, yet the conversion of this knowledge into prevention lags considerably behind. The title of this Special Issue - Implementing cancer prevention in Europe - captures the central theme within; namely, the translation of cancer epidemiology into public health policy. The Special Issue is supported by focused evidence-based case studies of how these processes might be best taken forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Renehan
- Department of Surgery, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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Anter J, de Abreu-Abreu N, Fernández-Bedmar Z, Villatoro-Pulido M, Alonso-Moraga Á, Muñoz-Serrano A. Targets of Red Grapes: Oxidative Damage of DNA and Leukaemia Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera is a widespread crop all over the world. The biophenols present in grapes have a remarkable influence on wine quality and also confer potential health-protecting properties to this fruit. The aim of the present work was to assess the beneficial properties of skin, seeds and pulp of red table grapes (RTG) ( Vitis vinifera, Palieri Cadiz variety). Two potential beneficial activities of red table grapes (RTG) were analyzed: (i) The maintenance of genomic stability studying their genotoxic/antigenotoxic effects, and (ii) the in vitro cytotoxic effect against tumor cells of RTG components. The genotoxic and/or antigenotoxic effect was measured applying the somatic mutation and recombination test on wing imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster. The cytotoxic effect was monitored using the HL60 human leukemia model to evaluate the antiproliferative potential of the different parts of RTG. The three major parts (skin, seeds and pulp) are not genotoxic. When antigenotoxicity assays were performed using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidative genotoxin, skin, seed and pulp exerted a desmutagenic effect, with seeds and skin showing the most potent effect. The cytotoxicity tests using HL60 cells indicated that only skin and pulp fractions are able to inhibit the tumor growth, with skin having the lowest IC50 (1.8 mg/mL versus 8 mg/mL of pulp). These results suggest that RTG are potent anti-mutagens that protect DNA from oxidative damage as well as being cytotoxic toward the HL60 tumor cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaouad Anter
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Myriam Villatoro-Pulido
- Departamento de Mejora y Biotecnología de Cultivos, Centro IFAPA Alameda del Obispo s/n, Apartado 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángeles Alonso-Moraga
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Andrés Muñoz-Serrano
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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