Thiourea derivatives incorporating a hippuric acid moiety: Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities

Synthesis of pyrazoles containing benzofuran and trifluoromethyl moieties as possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents

Searching for new anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents, we have prepared a series of novel pyrazoles containing benzofuran and trifluoromethyl moieties. The pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized via two routes starting from 5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl azo) salicylaldehyde. The first route involved the synthesis of 2-acetylbenzofuran and then treatment with aldehydes to afford the corresponding chalcones. The cyclization of the latter chalcones with hydrazine hydrate led to the formation of new pyrazoline derivatives. The second route involved the synthesis of benzofuran-2-carbohydrazide and then treatment with formylpyrazoles, chalcones and ketene dithioacetal derivatives to afford the corresponding pyrazole derivatives. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.

Synthesis, X-ray, NMR, FT-IR, UV/vis, DFT and TD-DFT studies of N-(4-chlorobutanoyl)-N'-(2-, 3- and 4-methylphenyl)thiourea derivatives

A new isomers of thiourea derivatives, namely N-(4-chlorobutanoyl)-N'-(2-methylphenyl)-thiourea (1a), N-(4-chlorobutanoyl)-N'-(3-methylphenyl)thiourea (1b) and N-(4-chlorobutanoyl)-N'-(4-methylphenyl)thiourea (1c) have been synthesized by refluxing mixture of equimolar amounts of 4-chlorobutanoylisothiocyanate with 2, 3 or 4-toluidine, respectively. The three isomers were characterized by spectroscopic (UV/vis, FT-IR and NMR) and X-ray crystallography techniques. To investigate the isomerization effect on spectroscopic data, DFT and TD-DFT calculations have been carried out using five hybrid functionals (B3LYP, B3P86, CAM-B3LYP, M06-2X and PBE0) to predict UV/vis absorption bands (n→π∗ and π→π∗), (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts, FT-IR vibration modes and X-ray parameters (bonds, bond angles and torsion angles) for 1a, 1b and 1c isomers. The results showed that the isomerization effect is significant on λ(MAX) absorption bands, while for IR and NMR the effect is negligible. In accordance with previous studies, B3LYP, B3P86 and PBE0 gave the most reliable to predict the excitation energies of thiourea derivatives.

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of glycinate and carbonate derivatives of cholesterol: Synthesis and characterization

A series of glycinate and carbonate derivatives of cholesterol (4a–t) were synthesized, characterized and assessed for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Our results revealed that the compounds exerted inhibitory activities against gram-negative bacteria and fungi.

pH and temperature responsive redox behavior of biologically important aniline derivatives

The electrochemical oxidation of anilines resulted in azodye formation which was evidenced by the appearance of a new peak in the UV-visible spectra (A) and colour change of the solution (B).

Characterization of the anticancer effects of S115, a novel heteroaromatic thiosemicarbazone compound, in vitro and in vivo

AIM

To investigate the anticancer effects of S115, a novel heteroaromatic thiosemicarbazone compound in vitro and in vivo.

METHODS

The anti-proliferative action of S115 was analyzed in 12 human and mouse cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Autograft and xenograft cancer models were made by subcutaneous inoculation of cancer cells into mice or nude mice. The mice were orally treated with S115 (2, 8, 32 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) for 7 d, and the tumor size was measured every 3 d. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were examined using flow cytometry, gene expression profile analyses, Western blots and RT-PCR.

RESULTS

The IC50 values of S115 against 12 human and mouse cancer cell lines ranged from 0.3 to 6.6 μmol/L. The tumor growth inhibition rate caused by oral administration of S115 (32 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) were 89.7%, 81.7%, 78.4% and 77.8%, respectively, in mouse model of B16 melanoma, mouse model of Colon26 colon cancer, nude mouse model of A549 lung cancer and nude mouse model of SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer. Furthermore, oral administration of S115 (7.5 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) synergistically enhanced the anticancer effects of cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, or 5-fluorouracil in mouse model of S180 sarcoma. Treatment of A549 human lung cancer cells with S115 (1.5 μmol/L) induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, S115 downregulated the level of ubiquitin, and upregulated the level of Tob2 in A549 cells.

CONCLUSION

S115 exerts anticancer effects against a variety of cancer cells in vitro and in grafted cancer models by inducing apoptosis, downregulating ubiquitin and upregulating Tob2.

1-(4-Chloro-butano-yl)-3-(3-chloro-phen-yl)thio-urea

The two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C₁₁H₁₂Cl₂N₂OS, exhibit different conformations, with the benzene ring and the N₂CS thio­urea group forming dihedral angles of 87.40 (18) and 69.42 (15)°. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond is present in each mol­ecule. Two further N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the independent mol­ecules into a dimer. In the crystal, the dimers are linked by N—H⋯S and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming chains parallel to the c axis.

1-(2-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2-ethylhexanoyl)thiourea

In the title compound, C₁₅H₂₁ClN₂OS, the central chromophore moiety (C₂N₂OS) is approximately planar, with a maximum deviation of −0.027 (1) Å, and is oriented at a dihedral angle of 86.7 (1)° with respect to the chloro­phenyl ring. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond stabilizes the mol­ecular conformation. In the crystal, mol­ecules associate via N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with motif R₂²(8). These dimers are further connected by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming R₂²(12) dimers. As a result, hydrogen-bonded chains running along [110] are formed. C—H⋯S inter­actions also occur. The terminal two C atoms of the butyl chain are disordered over two positions with an occupancy ratio of 0.54:0.46.

Synthesis, characterization, and antiviral activity of novel fluorinated isatin derivatives

Abstract

New series of Schiff's bases, hydrazones, thiosemicarbazones, thiazoles, and thiocarbohydrazones of 5-fluoroisatin were synthesized by the reaction of 5-fluoroisatin with primary amines, hydrazine hydrate, and thiocarbohydrazides. Thiosemicarbazones were prepared by reacting hydrazone derivatives with isothiocyanates. Upon treatment of thiosemicarbazone derivatives with chloroacetone, the thiazole derivatives were obtained. Some of the prepared compounds exhibited antiviral activity.

Graphical abstract

Ferrocene Derivatives Carrying Urea, Thiourea, and Sulfonamide Moieties: Synthesis and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities

In the present study, some novel ferrocene derivatives carrying urea, thiourea, and sulfonamide groups were synthesized, and all compounds were characterized by spectral and elemental analyses. These compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities and also their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureusandBacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniaandEscherichia coli) and antifungal activities againstSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandCandida albicans. Amongst the tested compounds,4b,4c,5b, and6bdisplayed excellent antimicrobial activity.