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Martins DB, Nasário FD, Silva-Gonçalves LC, de Oliveira Tiera VA, Arcisio-Miranda M, Tiera MJ, dos Santos Cabrera MP. Chitosan derivatives targeting lipid bilayers: Synthesis, biological activity and interaction with model membranes. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:1213-1223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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52
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Dananjaya S, Erandani W, Kim CH, Nikapitiya C, Lee J, De Zoysa M. Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:478-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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53
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Il’ina AV, Shagdarova BT, Lun’kov AP, Kulikov SN, Varlamov VP. In vitro antifungal activity of metal complexes of a quaternized chitosan derivative with copper ions. Microbiology (Reading) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261717050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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54
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Noshirvani N, Ghanbarzadeh B, Gardrat C, Rezaei MR, Hashemi M, Le Coz C, Coma V. Cinnamon and ginger essential oils to improve antifungal, physical and mechanical properties of chitosan-carboxymethyl cellulose films. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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55
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Gonçalves RC, da Silva DP, Signini R, Naves PLF. Inhibition of bacterial biofilms by carboxymethyl chitosan combined with silver, zinc and copper salts. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:385-392. [PMID: 28756196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the antimicrobial action of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) is among the alternative approaches in the control of pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to screen the toxicity using the brine shrimp lethality assay and to investigate the inhibitory activity of carboxymethyl in isolation or in combination with silver nitrate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 25312, and Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17759. The CMCh was obtained by reacting chitosan with monochloroacetic acid under alkaline conditions, and the occurrence of carboxymethylation was evidenced by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The CMCh was combined with metallic salts (AgNO3, CuSO4·5H2O and ZnSO4) to perform the bioassays to screen the toxicity, to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and the impact of sub-inhibitory concentrations against biofilm formation. Although CMCh did not show inhibitory activity against bacterial growth, it had an interesting level of inhibition of bacterial biofilm. The results suggest that sub-inhibitory concentrations of compounds were effective against biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randys Caldeira Gonçalves
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus de Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, BR-153, Fazenda Barreiro do Meio, 3105, 75132-903 Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Diego Pereira da Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus de Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, BR-153, Fazenda Barreiro do Meio, 3105, 75132-903 Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Signini
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus de Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, BR-153, Fazenda Barreiro do Meio, 3105, 75132-903 Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Plínio Lázaro Faleiro Naves
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus de Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, BR-153, Fazenda Barreiro do Meio, 3105, 75132-903 Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil.
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56
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Xing K, Liu Y, Shen X, Zhu X, Li X, Miao X, Feng Z, Peng X, Qin S. Effect of O-chitosan nanoparticles on the development and membrane permeability of Verticillium dahliae. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:334-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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57
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Blagodatskikh IV, Kulikov SN, Vyshivannaya OV, Bezrodnykh EA, Tikhonov VE. N-Reacetylated Oligochitosan: pH Dependence of Self-Assembly Properties and Antibacterial Activity. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1491-1498. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inesa V. Blagodatskikh
- A. N. Nesmeyanov
Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences,
Russia, Vavilov street 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Sergey N. Kulikov
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya
street 18, Kazan, 420008 Russia
- Kazan Scientific
Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Bolshaya Krasnaya street 67, Kazan, 420015 Russia
| | - Oxana V. Vyshivannaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov
Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences,
Russia, Vavilov street 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Evgeniya A. Bezrodnykh
- A. N. Nesmeyanov
Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences,
Russia, Vavilov street 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Vladimir E. Tikhonov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov
Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences,
Russia, Vavilov street 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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58
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Wang Y, Li B, Zhang X, Peng N, Mei Y, Liang Y. Low molecular weight chitosan is an effective antifungal agent against Botryosphaeria sp. and preservative agent for pear (Pyrus) fruits. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 95:1135-1143. [PMID: 27818296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antifungal activity and preservative effect of a low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) sample, derived from chitosan by enzymatic hydrolysis, were investigated in vitro and in vivo. A pathogenic fungal strain was isolated from decayed pear (Pyrus bretschneideri cv. "Huangguan") fruit and identified as Botryosphaeria sp. W-01. LMWC was shown to strongly inhibit W-01 growth based on studies of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and effects on mycelial biomass and radial growth of the fungus. LMWC treatment of W-01 cells reduced ergosterol synthesis and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔY), early events of apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy studies revealed that LMWC penetrated inside W-01 hyphae, thereby inducing ultrastructural damage. LMWC coating had a significant preservative effect on wounded and nonwounded pear fruits, by inhibiting postharvest decay and browning processes. LMWC activated several defense-related enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, chitinase), maintained nutritional value, and slowed down weight loss. Our findings indicate the strong potential of LMWC as a natural preservative agent for fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xuedan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Nan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuxia Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Yunxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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59
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Evaluation of the Influence of Antifungal Drugs on Growth of Candida albicans in the Biofilm. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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60
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Optimization of chitin yield from shrimp shell waste by Bacillus subtilis and impact of gamma irradiation on production of low molecular weight chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:598-608. [PMID: 27267572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan have been produced from the exoskeletons of crustacean shells such as shrimps. In this study, seventy bacterial isolates, isolated from soil, were tested for proteolytic enzymes production. The most efficient one, identified as Bacillus subtilis, was employed to extract chitin from shrimp shell waste (SSW). Following one-variable-at-a-time approach, the relevant factors affecting deproteinization (DP) and demineralization (DM) were sucrose concentration (10%, w/v), SSW concentration (5%, w/v), inoculum size (15%, v/v), and fermentation time (6days). These factors were optimized subsequently using Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. Maximum DP (97.65%) and DM (82.94%) were predicted at sucrose concentration (5%), SSW concentration (12.5%), inoculum size (10%, containing 35×10(8) CFU/mL), and fermentation time (7days). The predicted optimum values were verified by additional experiment. The values of DP (96.0%) and DM (82.1%) obtained experimentally correlated to the predicted values which justify the authenticity of optimum points. Overall 1.3-fold increase in DP% and DM% was obtained compared with 75.27% and 63.50%, respectively, before optimization. Gamma-irradiation (35kGy) reduced deacetylation time of irradiated chitin by 4.5-fold compared with non-irradiated chitin. The molecular weight of chitosan was decreased from 1.9×10(6) (non-irradiated) to 3.7×10(4)g/mol (at 35kGy).
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61
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Antimicrobial activity, improved cell selectivity and mode of action of short PMAP-36-derived peptides against bacteria and Candida. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27258. [PMID: 27251456 PMCID: PMC4890124 DOI: 10.1038/srep27258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently attracted a great deal of attention as promising antibiotic candidates, but some obstacles such as toxicity and high synthesis cost must be addressed before developing them further. For developing short peptides with improved cell selectivity, we designed a series of modified PMAP-36 analogues. Antimicrobial assays showed that decreasing chain length in a certain range retained the high antimicrobial activity of the parental peptide and reduced hemolysis. The 18-mer peptide RI18 exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi, and its hemolytic activity was observably lower than PMAP-36 and melittin. The selectivity indexes of RI18 against bacteria and fungi were improved approximately 19-fold and 108-fold, respectively, compared to PMAP-36. In addition, serum did not affect the antibacterial activity of RI18 against E. coli but inhibited the antifungal efficiency against C. albicans. Flow cytometry and electron microscopy observation revealed that RI18 killed microbial cells primarily by damaging membrane integrity, leading to whole cell lysis. Taken together, these results suggest that RI18 has potential for further therapeutic research against frequently-encountered bacteria and fungi. Meanwhile, modification of AMPs is a promising strategy for developing novel antimicrobials to overcome drug-resistance.
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62
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Shagdarova BT, Il’ina AV, Varlamov VP. Antibacterial Activity of Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low–Molecular Weight Chitosan. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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63
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Lopez-Moya F, Lopez-Llorca LV. Omics for Investigating Chitosan as an Antifungal and Gene Modulator. J Fungi (Basel) 2016; 2:jof2010011. [PMID: 29376928 PMCID: PMC5753092 DOI: 10.3390/jof2010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a biopolymer with a wide range of applications. The use of chitosan in clinical medicine to control infections by fungal pathogens such as Candida spp. is one of its most promising applications in view of the reduced number of antifungals available. Chitosan increases intracellular oxidative stress, then permeabilizes the plasma membrane of sensitive filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa and yeast. Transcriptomics reveals plasma membrane homeostasis and oxidative metabolism genes as key players in the response of fungi to chitosan. A lipase and a monosaccharide transporter, both inner plasma membrane proteins, and a glutathione transferase are main chitosan targets in N. crassa. Biocontrol fungi such as Pochonia chlamydosporia have a low content of polyunsaturated free fatty acids in their plasma membranes and are resistant to chitosan. Genome sequencing of P. chlamydosporia reveals a wide gene machinery to degrade and assimilate chitosan. Chitosan increases P. chlamydosporia sporulation and enhances parasitism of plant parasitic nematodes by the fungus. Omics studies allow understanding the mode of action of chitosan and help its development as an antifungal and gene modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lopez-Moya
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) Ramon Margalef, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Luis V Lopez-Llorca
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) Ramon Margalef, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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64
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Lopez-Moya F, Kowbel D, Nueda MJ, Palma-Guerrero J, Glass NL, Lopez-Llorca LV. Neurospora crassa transcriptomics reveals oxidative stress and plasma membrane homeostasis biology genes as key targets in response to chitosan. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:391-403. [PMID: 26694141 PMCID: PMC4729629 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polymer with antimicrobial activity. Chitosan causes plasma membrane permeabilization and induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Neurospora crassa. We have determined the transcriptional profile of N. crassa to chitosan and identified the main gene targets involved in the cellular response to this compound. Global network analyses showed membrane, transport and oxidoreductase activity as key nodes affected by chitosan. Activation of oxidative metabolism indicates the importance of ROS and cell energy together with plasma membrane homeostasis in N. crassa response to chitosan. Deletion strain analysis of chitosan susceptibility pointed NCU03639 encoding a class 3 lipase, involved in plasma membrane repair by lipid replacement, and NCU04537 a MFS monosaccharide transporter related to assimilation of simple sugars, as main gene targets of chitosan. NCU10521, a glutathione S-transferase-4 involved in the generation of reducing power for scavenging intracellular ROS is also a determinant chitosan gene target. Ca(2+) increased tolerance to chitosan in N. crassa. Growth of NCU10610 (fig 1 domain) and SYT1 (a synaptotagmin) deletion strains was significantly increased by Ca(2+) in the presence of chitosan. Both genes play a determinant role in N. crassa membrane homeostasis. Our results are of paramount importance for developing chitosan as an antifungal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lopez-Moya
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) Ramon Margalef, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - David Kowbel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, 94720-3120 USA.
| | - Maria José Nueda
- Statistics and Operation Research Department, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Javier Palma-Guerrero
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, 94720-3120 USA.
| | - N Louise Glass
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, 94720-3120 USA.
| | - Luis Vicente Lopez-Llorca
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) Ramon Margalef, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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65
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Hosseinnejad M, Jafari SM. Evaluation of different factors affecting antimicrobial properties of chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:467-75. [PMID: 26780706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan as one of the natural biopolymers with antimicrobial activities could be a good choice to be applied in many areas including pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, chemicals, agricultural crops, etc. There have been many studies in the literature which show this superb polymer is dependent on many factors to display its antimicrobial properties including the environmental conditions such as pH, type of microorganism, and neighbouring components; and its structural conditions such as molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, derivative form, its concentration, and original source. In this review, after a brief explanation of antimicrobial activity of chitosan and its importance, we will discuss the factors affecting the antimicrobial properties of this biopolymer based on recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hosseinnejad
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Cereals Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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66
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Dananjaya SHS, Kulatunga DCM, Godahewa GI, Lee J, De Zoysa M. Comparative study of preparation, characterization and anticandidal activities of a chitosan silver nanocomposite (CAgNC) compared with low molecular weight chitosan (LMW-chitosan). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03917k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A chitosan-silver nanocomposite (CAgNC) was synthesized in a green manner using low molecular weight chitosan (LMW-chitosan) and silver nitrate without applying external chemical reducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. H. S. Dananjaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - D. C. M. Kulatunga
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - G. I. Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences and Fish Vaccine Research Center
- Jeju National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences and Fish Vaccine Research Center
- Jeju National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Life Sciences and Fish Vaccine Research Center
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67
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Gabriel JDS, Tiera MJ, Tiera VADO. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activities of Amphiphilic Derivatives of Diethylaminoethyl Chitosan against Aspergillus flavus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5725-5731. [PMID: 26039463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic derivatives of diethylaminoethyl chitosan (DEAE-CH) were synthesized using a two-step process involving initial substitution with diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) groups followed by reductive amination with dodecylaldehyde. The synthesized derivatives were characterized by (1)H NMR, gel permeation, and FTIR. The associative behaviors of these compounds in aqueous solution were studied using fluorescence spectroscopy, whereas their antifungal activities against Aspergillus flavus were evaluated in terms of mycelial growth. The effects of deacetylated chitosans and their derivatives on the mycelial growth of A. flavus were evaluated at several polymer concentrations (0.05-1.0 g/L), and the results were compared. The inhibition indices of the deacetylated chitosans increased with increasing Mw (16.9 kDa < 176 kDa < 517.7 kDa); however, derivatives with a combination of either a high molecular weight (Mw) and low hydrophobicity or a low Mw and high hydrophobicity were the most effective in inhibiting the in vitro radial growth of A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana dos Santos Gabriel
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio José Tiera
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Aparecida de Oliveira Tiera
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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68
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Ramírez-Villalva A, González-Calderón D, González-Romero C, Morales-Rodríguez M, Jauregui-Rodríguez B, Cuevas-Yáñez E, Fuentes-Benítes A. A facile synthesis of novel miconazole analogues and the evaluation of their antifungal activity. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:275-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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69
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Mei YX, Dai XY, Yang W, Xu XW, Liang YX. Antifungal activity of chitooligosaccharides against the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 77:330-5. [PMID: 25841377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antifungal activity against the dermatophytic fungus Trichophyton rubrum by a well-characterized chitooligosaccharides (COS) sample, hydrolyzed using a recombinant chitosanase, was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of COS ranged between 0.25 and 0.50%, which was measured using a microdilution method. Analysis of inhibition rates using an agar diffusion method showed that treatment with 0.5% and 1% COS significantly suppressed T. rubrum cell growth (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively, in comparison with untreated control). Morphological changes and structural alterations of cells were observed by TEM. In vivo efficacy of COS in treatment of T. rubrum dermatophytosis was evaluated using a guinea pig model. Skin lesion scores revealed a strong, dose-dependent therapeutic effect of COS. The 5% COS group showed a reduction of skin lesions even greater than that of the positive control group treated with 1% fluconazole (FCZ). Histological analysis revealed no inflammation or tissue destruction in the groups treated with 5% COS or 1% FCZ. Hyperkeratosis was also observed, perhaps resulting from a defensive response of the tissue cells to COS. The findings indicate that COS has excellent potential for development of novel antifungal drugs for clinical treatment/remission of dermatophytoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-xia Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xing-yi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiong-wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yun-xiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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70
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Lopez-Moya F, Colom-Valiente MF, Martinez-Peinado P, Martinez-Lopez JE, Puelles E, Sempere-Ortells JM, Lopez-Llorca LV. Carbon and nitrogen limitation increase chitosan antifungal activity in Neurospora crassa and fungal human pathogens. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:154-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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71
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Pedro HSDS, Francinalva DDM, Martina GDOP, Julio CQ, Rayanne IMDS, Patricia MB, Daniela PDM, Pollianna MA, Ana CDDM. Antimicrobial potential of chitosan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2014.7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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