51
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Zingone F, Iovino P, Santonicola A, Gallotta S, Ciacci C. High risk of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Tech Coloproctol 2017. [PMID: 28647823 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-017-1653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and the risk of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (including each subtype: constipation, diarrhea, and mixed) compared to women in the general population. METHODS Between January 2014 and December 2015, consecutive adult female patients diagnosed with IBS at the outpatient clinic of the University of Salerno and healthy women with regular bowel habits were enrolled in the study. At baseline, we checked for UTI with a dipstick test and questioned patients about the presence of LUTS in the previous 24 h. RESULTS We enrolled 141 IBS patients and 91 healthy controls in the study. There was no difference in the prevalence of UTI between IBS patients and healthy controls (4.9 vs 3.3%, p = 0.5). When we excluded patients with UTI, we found a 2.79 higher risk of increased urinary frequency [odds ratio (OR) 2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37-5.68], a 2.68 higher risk of urinary urgency (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.04-6.91), and more than three times the risk of having dysuria (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.06-9.97) in IBS women compared to healthy controls. The risk of having at least one urinary symptom was independent of IBS subtype and IBS severity. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that IBS women have a similar risk of UTI compared to healthy women even if they complain more of LUTS, independently of IBS subtype and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zingone
- AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
- Gastrointestinal Unit, University of Salerno, Via San Leonardo 1, Salerno, Italy.
| | - P Iovino
- AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Santonicola
- AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - S Gallotta
- AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Ciacci
- AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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52
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Davis
- Clinical Nurse Specialist in Urogynaecology, King's College Hospital, London
| | - Angie Rantell
- Lead Nurse for Urogynaecology/Nurse Cystoscopist, King's College Hospital, London
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53
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Kapur S, Gupta S. Indigenous rapid diagnostic technology for antibiotic susceptibility testing in urinary tract infection: from bench side to bedside. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjinnov-2015-000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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54
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Efficacy of an orally administered combination of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, curcumin and quercetin for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 207:125-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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55
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Foust-Wright CE, Pulliam SJ, Batalden RP, Berk TK, Weinstein MM, Wakamatsu MM, Phillippe M. Hormone Modulation of Toll-Like Receptor 5 in Cultured Human Bladder Epithelial Cells. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:713-719. [PMID: 27651177 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116667489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The effect of hormone levels on the stimulation of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in the bladder is unknown. We aimed to study the effect of estradiol and progesterone on TLR5 expression and function in human bladder epithelial cells. METHODS After growing to near confluence, T24 human urinary bladder (HUB) cells were incubated in hormone-free (HF) media for 72 hours. Human urinary bladder cells were then incubated in (1) HF media, (2) estradiol media, (3) progesterone media, or (4) media containing estradiol and progesterone at physiologic concentrations. Following flagellin exposure, cells and media were collected. Toll-like receptor 5 expression and stimulated cytokine release were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results were normalized with cellular protein assays. A TLR5 antagonist was used to confirm that stimulation from flagellin was mediated by TLR5 signaling. RESULTS Cultured HUB cells express TLR5 protein. Estradiol and progesterone environments suppress TLR5 expression compared to HF environment. The function of TLR5 was measured by interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 production after flagellin exposure. Interleukin 6 production was 75% higher in the estradiol than progesterone environment. The progesterone environment produced IL-6 levels twice that observed in HF and combined estrogen-progesterone environments. Interestingly, higher TLR5 expression was associated with lower IL-6 production. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that TLR5 expression and functional activity as measured by IL-6 are modulated by hormones. The increase in TLR5-associated IL-6 may play a role in increasing the rate of symptomatic urinary tract infection. Likewise, low TLR5 functional activity may dampen the response of the innate immune system, thereby lessening the likelihood of a symptomatic bladder infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Foust-Wright
- 1 Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha J Pulliam
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca Posthuma Batalden
- 1 Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tucker K Berk
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Milena M Weinstein
- 1 Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - May M Wakamatsu
- 1 Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Phillippe
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Leski TA, Taitt CR, Bangura U, Stockelman MG, Ansumana R, Cooper WH, Stenger DA, Vora GJ. High prevalence of multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from outpatient urine samples but not the hospital environment in Bo, Sierra Leone. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:167. [PMID: 27090787 PMCID: PMC4836052 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising level of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens is one of the most significant public health problems globally. While the antibiotic resistance of clinically important bacteria is closely tracked in many developed countries, the types and levels of resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) among pathogens currently circulating in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa are virtually unknown. METHODS From December 2013 to April 2014, we collected 93 urine specimens from all outpatients showing symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) and 189 fomite swabs from a small hospital in Bo, Sierra Leone. Culture on chromogenic agar combined with biochemical and DNA sequence-based assays was used to detect and identify the bacterial isolates. Their antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using a panel of 11 antibiotics or antibiotic combinations. RESULTS The 70 Enterobacteriaceae urine isolates were identified as Citrobacter freundii (n = 22), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 15), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 15), Escherichia coli (n = 13), Enterobacter sp./Leclercia sp. (n = 4) and Escherichia hermannii (n = 1). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that 85.7 % of these isolates were MDR while 64.3 % produced an extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL). The most notable observations included widespread resistance to sulphonamides (91.4 %), chloramphenicol (72.9 %), gentamycin (72.9 %), ampicillin with sulbactam (51.4 %) and ciprofloxacin (47.1 %) with C. freundii exhibiting the highest and E. coli the lowest prevalence of multidrug resistance. The environmental cultures resulted in only five Enterobacteriaceae isolates out of 189 collected with lower overall antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSIONS The surprisingly high proportion of C. freundii found in urine of patients with suspected UTI supports earlier findings of the growing role of this pathogen in UTIs in low-resource countries. The isolates of all analyzed species showed worryingly high levels of resistance to both first- and second-line antibiotics as well as a high frequency of MDR and ESBL phenotypes, which likely resulted from the lack of consistent antibiotic stewardship policies in Sierra Leone. Analysis of hospital environmental isolates however suggested that fomites in this naturally ventilated hospital were not a major reservoir for Enterobacteriaceae or antibiotic resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz A Leski
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC, 20375, USA.
| | - Chris R Taitt
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Umaru Bangura
- Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory, Bo, Sierra Leone.,Njala University, Bo, Sierra Leone
| | - Michael G Stockelman
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Rashid Ansumana
- Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory, Bo, Sierra Leone.,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Njala University, Bo, Sierra Leone
| | | | - David A Stenger
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Gary J Vora
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
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Moustafa F, Nguyen G, Mathevon T, Baud O, Saint-Denis J, Dublanchet N, Pereira B, Shinjo C, Romaszko JP, Dopeux L, Dutheil F, Schmidt J. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerance of a short 7 day third-generation cephalosporin treatment in the management of acute pyelonephritis in young women in the emergency department. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1660-4. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lüthje P, Brauner A. Novel Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections. Pathogens 2016; 5:E13. [PMID: 26828523 PMCID: PMC4810134 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial infections, especially in women and children, frequently treated with antibiotics. The alarming increase in antibiotic resistance is a global threat to future treatment of infections. Therefore, alternative strategies are urgently needed. The innate immune system plays a fundamental role in protecting the urinary tract from infections. Antimicrobial peptides form an important part of the innate immunity. They are produced by epithelial cells and neutrophils and defend the urinary tract against invading bacteria. Since efficient resistance mechanisms have not evolved among bacterial pathogens, much effort has been put into exploring the role of antimicrobial peptides and possibilities to utilize them in clinical practice. Here, we describe the impact of antimicrobial peptides in the urinary tract and ways to enhance the production by hormones like vitamin D and estrogen. We also discuss the potential of medicinal herbs to be used in the prophylaxis and the treatment of urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lüthje
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden.
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden.
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Shih CM, Chang CL, Hsu MY, Lin JY, Kuan CM, Wang HK, Huang CT, Chung MC, Huang KC, Hsu CE, Wang CY, Shen YC, Cheng CM. Paper-based ELISA to rapidly detect Escherichia coli. Talanta 2015; 145:2-5. [PMID: 26459436 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a generic indicator of fecal contamination, and certain serotypes cause food- and water-borne illness such as O157:H7. In the clinic, detection of bacteriuria, which is often due to E. coli, is critical before certain surgical procedures or in cases of nosocomial infection to prevent further adverse events such as postoperative infection or sepsis. In low- and middle-income countries, where insufficient equipment and facilities preclude modern methods of detection, a simple, low-cost diagnostic device to detect E. coli in water and in the clinic will have significant impact. We have developed a simple paper-based colorimetric platform to detect E. coli contamination in 5h. On this platform, the mean color intensity for samples with 10(5)cells/mL is 0.118±0.002 (n=4), and 0.0145±0.003 (P<0.01⁎⁎) for uncontaminated samples. This technique is less time-consuming, easier to perform, and less expensive than conventional methods. Thus, paper-based ELISA is an innovative point-of-care diagnostic tool to rapidly detect E. coli, and possibly other pathogens when customized as appropriate, especially in areas that lack advanced clinical equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Min Shih
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yen Hsu
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Yu Lin
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Meng Kuan
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Kai Wang
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Te Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Chi Chung
- Department of Nephrology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Kui-Chou Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-En Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Cheng Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Bamford C, Bonorchis K, Ryan A, Hoffmann R, Naicker P, Maloba M, Nana T, Zietsman I, Govind C. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns ofEscherichia colistrains isolated from urine samples in South Africa from 2007-2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2012.11441483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Bamford
- National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Groote Schuur and University of Cape Town E-mail: Colleen Bamford,
| | - Kim Bonorchis
- Medical Technology Microbiology Laboratory Manager, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Green Point and University of Cape Town
| | - Anthea Ryan
- Medical Technology Microbiology Laboratory Manager, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Green Point and University of Cape Town
| | - Rena Hoffmann
- Registrar Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg and Stellenbosch University
| | - Preneshni Naicker
- Registrar Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg and Stellenbosch University
| | - Motlatji Maloba
- National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Dr George Mukhari and University of Limpopo
| | - Trusha Nana
- National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic and University of the Witwatersrand
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Schröder UC, Bokeloh F, O'Sullivan M, Glaser U, Wolf K, Pfister W, Popp J, Ducrée J, Neugebauer U. Rapid, culture-independent, optical diagnostics of centrifugally captured bacteria from urine samples. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:044118. [PMID: 26339318 PMCID: PMC4537478 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a polymeric centrifugal microfluidic platform for the rapid and sensitive identification of bacteria directly from urine, thus eliminating time-consuming cultivation steps. This "Lab-on-a-Disc" platform utilizes the rotationally induced centrifugal field to efficiently capture bacteria directly from suspension within a glass-polymer hybrid chip. Once trapped in an array of small V-shaped structures, the bacteria are readily available for spectroscopic characterization, such as Raman spectroscopic fingerprinting, providing valuable information on the characteristics of the captured bacteria. Utilising fluorescence microscopy, quantification of the bacterial load has been achieved for concentrations above 2 × 10(-7) cells ml(-1) within a 4 μl sample. As a pilot application, we characterize urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections. Following minimal sample preparation, Raman spectra of the bacteria are recorded following centrifugal capture in stopped-flow sedimentation mode. Utilizing advanced analysis algorithms, including extended multiplicative scattering correction, high-quality Raman spectra of different pathogens, such as Escherichia coli or Enterococcus faecalis, are obtained from the analyzed patient samples. The whole procedure, including sample preparation, requires about 1 h to obtain a valuable result, marking a significant reduction in diagnosis time when compared to the 24 h and more typically required for standard microbiological methods. As this cost-efficient centrifugal cartridge can be operated using low-complexity, widely automated instrumentation, while providing valuable bacterial identification in urine samples in a greatly reduced time-period, our opto-microfluidic Lab-on-a-Disc device demonstrates great potential for next-generation patient diagnostics at the of point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary O'Sullivan
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, National Centre of Sensor Research, School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University , Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Katharina Wolf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital , 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pfister
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital , 07747 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jens Ducrée
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, National Centre of Sensor Research, School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University , Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Lorenzo-Gómez MF, Padilla-Fernández B, García-Cenador MB, Virseda-Rodríguez ÁJ, Martín-García I, Sánchez-Escudero A, Vicente-Arroyo MJ, Mirón-Canelo JA. Comparison of sublingual therapeutic vaccine with antibiotics for the prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:50. [PMID: 26090341 PMCID: PMC4452880 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To compare the clinical impact of a prophylactic treatment with sublingual immunostimulation in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) with the use of antibiotics. Material and Methods: Retrospective cohort study evaluating the medical records of 669 women with rUTIs; 339 had a 6-month prophylaxis with antibiotics and 360 a 3-month prophylaxis with a sublingual bacterial preparation (MV 140-Uromune®). The time frame after the prophylaxis-period until the appearance of a new infection (assessed by uroculture) was scored and followed during 1 year. The absolute risk reduction (ARR) and number needed to treat (NNT) were also calculated. Results: All patients treated with antibiotics experienced a new UTI during the scoring period of 12 months, being 19 days the median number of days free of UTIs (range 5–300). In the group treated with the bacterial preparation, 35 (9.7%) patients experienced an UTI in the same period. Kaplan-Meier curves comparing the accumulated survival (disease-free time) between both groups were significant different (P < 0.0001). The absolute risk reduction (ARR) was 90.28% (87.18–93.38) and the number needed to treat (NNT) 1.1 (1.1–1.1). Conclusions: These results suggest that the treatment with this bacterial preparation significantly reduces the incidence of rUTIs, arising as an effective strategy to reduce the frequency of rUTIs. It reduces antibiotic consumption, matching the current recommendations due to the raise of antimicrobial resistance. Randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled, clinical trials are needed to establish, more accurately, the clinical impact of this bacterial preparation in patients with rUTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Lorenzo-Gómez
- IBSAL Salamanca Biomedical Research Institute Salamanca, Spain ; Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain ; Department of Urology, University Health Complex of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - Álvaro J Virseda-Rodríguez
- Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain ; Department of Urology, University Health Complex of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José A Mirón-Canelo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
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Idayat TG. Antibacterial attributes of extracts of Phyllantus amarus and Phyllantus niruri on Escherichia coli the causal organism of urinary tract infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/jpp2014.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Carey AJ, Tan CK, Ipe DS, Sullivan MJ, Cripps AW, Schembri MA, Ulett GC. Urinary tract infection of mice to model human disease: Practicalities, implications and limitations. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:780-99. [PMID: 26006172 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1028885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. Murine models of human UTI are vital experimental tools that have helped to elucidate UTI pathogenesis and advance knowledge of potential treatment and infection prevention strategies. Fundamentally, several variables are inherent in different murine models, and understanding the limitations of these variables provides an opportunity to understand how models may be best applied to research aimed at mimicking human disease. In this review, we discuss variables inherent in murine UTI model studies and how these affect model usage, data analysis and data interpretation. We examine recent studies that have elucidated UTI host-pathogen interactions from the perspective of gene expression, and review new studies of biofilm and UTI preventative approaches. We also consider potential standards for variables inherent in murine UTI models and discuss how these might expand the utility of models for mimicking human disease and uncovering new aspects of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Carey
- a Menzies Health Institute Queensland & School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
| | - Chee K Tan
- a Menzies Health Institute Queensland & School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
| | - Deepak S Ipe
- a Menzies Health Institute Queensland & School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
| | - Matthew J Sullivan
- a Menzies Health Institute Queensland & School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
| | - Allan W Cripps
- b Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia , and
| | - Mark A Schembri
- c School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Glen C Ulett
- a Menzies Health Institute Queensland & School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
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Mavromatis CH, Bokil NJ, Totsika M, Kakkanat A, Schaale K, Cannistraci CV, Ryu T, Beatson SA, Ulett GC, Schembri MA, Sweet MJ, Ravasi T. The co-transcriptome of uropathogenic Escherichia coli-infected mouse macrophages reveals new insights into host-pathogen interactions. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:730-46. [PMID: 25410299 PMCID: PMC4950338 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common infections in humans. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) can invade and replicate within bladder epithelial cells, and some UPEC strains can also survive within macrophages. To understand the UPEC transcriptional programme associated with intramacrophage survival, we performed host–pathogen co‐transcriptome analyses using RNA sequencing. Mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) were challenged over a 24 h time course with two UPEC reference strains that possess contrasting intramacrophage phenotypes: UTI89, which survives in BMMs, and 83972, which is killed by BMMs. Neither of these strains caused significant BMM cell death at the low multiplicity of infection that was used in this study. We developed an effective computational framework that simultaneously separated, annotated and quantified the mammalian and bacterial transcriptomes. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages responded to the two UPEC strains with a broadly similar gene expression programme. In contrast, the transcriptional responses of the UPEC strains diverged markedly from each other. We identified UTI89 genes up‐regulated at 24 h post‐infection, and hypothesized that some may contribute to intramacrophage survival. Indeed, we showed that deletion of one such gene (pspA) significantly reduced UTI89 survival within BMMs. Our study provides a technological framework for simultaneously capturing global changes at the transcriptional level in co‐cultures, and has generated new insights into the mechanisms that UPEC use to persist within the intramacrophage environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Harris Mavromatis
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Vyas S, Varshney D, Sharma P, Juyal R, Nautiyal V, Shrotriya VP. An overview of the predictors of symptomatic urinary tract infection among nursing students. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2015; 5:54-8. [PMID: 25745578 PMCID: PMC4350064 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.149790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection experienced by humans after respiratory and gastro-intestinal infections, and also the most common cause of nosocomial infections for patients admitted to hospitals indeed UTIs are the most frequent bacterial infection in women. AIM The aim was to determine the prevalence of UTI and to identify factors associated with an increased risk of UTI among nursing students. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The cross-sectional study involved 177 unmarried nursing students aged 18-30 years studying in the SRMSIMS, Nursing College Bareilly. A structured questionnaire was used, and study subjects were asked regarding the symptoms of UTI in the previous 3 months. Chi-square test and Univariate Logistic Regression was used to analyze the data. RESULTS The overall prevalence of UTI was found to be 19.8% (35/177). Rural background, inadequate water intake, and unsatisfactory toilet habits were found to be strong predictors of UTI. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need to sensitize the nursing students regarding the growing need of the issue so that they themselves become aware in addition to raising the awareness of other high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vyas
- Department of Community Medicine, HIMS, SRHU, Dehradun, India
| | - D Varshney
- Department of Community Medicine, HIMS, SRHU, Dehradun, India
| | - P Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr DY Patil Medical College, Pune, India
| | - R Juyal
- Department of Community Medicine, HIMS, SRHU, Dehradun, India
| | - V Nautiyal
- Department of Radiotherapy, HIMS, SRHU, Dehradun, India
| | - VP Shrotriya
- Department of Community Medicine, SRMSIMS, Bareilly, India
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Vermeulen SH, Hanum N, Grotenhuis AJ, Castaño-Vinyals G, van der Heijden AG, Aben KK, Mysorekar IU, Kiemeney LA. Recurrent urinary tract infection and risk of bladder cancer in the Nijmegen bladder cancer study. Br J Cancer 2014; 112:594-600. [PMID: 25429525 PMCID: PMC4453642 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists on whether urinary tract infection (UTI) is a risk factor for urinary bladder cancer (UBC). Here, the association is investigated using data from one of the largest bladder cancer case-control studies worldwide. METHODS Information on (i) history and age at onset of regular cystitis ('regular low-UTI') and (ii) number and age at onset of UTI treated with antibiotics ('UTI-ab') from 1809 UBC patients and 4370 controls was analysed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, education, smoking, and use of aspirin/ibuprofen were generated, for men and women separately. RESULTS Regular low-UTI was associated with an increased UBC risk (men: OR (95% CI) 6.6 (4.2-11); women: 2.7 (2.0-3.5)), with stronger effects in muscle-invasive UBC. Statistically significant decreased risks (ORs ∼0.65) were observed for up to five UTI-ab, specifically in those who (had) smoked and experienced UTI-ab at a younger age. In women, UTI experienced after menopause was associated with a higher UBC risk, irrespective of the number of episodes. CONCLUSIONS Regular cystitis is positively associated with UBC risk. In contrast, a limited number of episodes of UTI treated with antibiotics is associated with decreased UBC risk, but not in never-smokers and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Vermeulen
- Department for Health Evidence & Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Hanum
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A J Grotenhuis
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Castaño-Vinyals
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A G van der Heijden
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K K Aben
- 1] Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Comprehensive Cancer Centre the Netherlands, 3511 GD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I U Mysorekar
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis MO 63110, USA
| | - L A Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence & Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Antioxidant and anti infective potential of Oleanolic acid acetate vis-à-vis Vitex negundo Linn. and Oroxylum indicum Vent. against human pathogens causing infections of UT, GIT and skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-014-0171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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69
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Point of care testing for urinary tract infection in primary care (POETIC): protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the clinical and cost effectiveness of FLEXICULT™ informed management of uncomplicated UTI in primary care. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2014; 15:187. [PMID: 25425162 PMCID: PMC4251943 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-014-0187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most frequent bacterial infection affecting women and account for about 15% of antibiotics prescribed in primary care. However, some women with a UTI are not prescribed antibiotics or are prescribed the wrong antibiotics, while many women who do not have a microbiologically confirmed UTI are prescribed antibiotics. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing unnecessarily increases the risk of side effects and the development of antibiotic resistance, and wastes resources. POETIC is a randomised controlled trial of a Point Of Care Test (POCT) (Flexicult™) guided UTI management strategy for use in primary care, which may help General Practitioners more effectively decide both whether or not to prescribe antibiotics, and if so, to select the most appropriate antibiotic. Methods/design 614 adult female patients will be recruited from four primary care research networks (Wales, England, Spain, the Netherlands) and individually randomised to either POCT guided care or the guideline-informed ‘standard care’ arm. Urine and stool samples (where possible) will be obtained at presentation (day 1) and two weeks later for microbiological analysis. All participants will be followed up on the course of their illness and their quality of life, using a 2 week self-completed symptom diary. At 3 months, a primary care notes review will be conducted for evidence of further evidence of treatment failures, recurrence, complications, hospitalisations and health service costs. The primary objective is to compare appropriate antibiotic use on day 3 between the POCT and standard care arms using multi-level logistic regression to produce an odds ratio and associated 95% confidence interval. Costs of the two management approaches will be assessed in terms of the primary outcome. Discussion Although the Flexicult™ POCT is used in some countries in routine primary care, it’s clinical and cost effectiveness has never been evaluated in a randomised clinical trial. If shown to be effective, the use of this POCT could benefit individual sufferers and provide evidence for health care authorities to develop evidence based policies to combat the spread and impact of the unprecedented rise of infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria in Europe. Trial registration number ISRCTN65200697 (Registered 10 September 2013).
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70
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Farr A, Györi G, Mühlbacher F, Husslein P, Böhmig GA, Margreiter M. Gender has no influence on VUR rates after renal transplantation. Transpl Int 2014; 27:1152-8. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Farr
- Division of Obstetrics and feto-maternal Medicine; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Medical University Vienna; General Hospital; Vienna Austria
| | - Georg Györi
- Division of Transplantation; Department of Surgery; Medical University Vienna; General Hospital; Vienna Austria
| | - Ferdinand Mühlbacher
- Division of Transplantation; Department of Surgery; Medical University Vienna; General Hospital; Vienna Austria
| | - Peter Husslein
- Division of Obstetrics and feto-maternal Medicine; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Medical University Vienna; General Hospital; Vienna Austria
| | - Georg A. Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis; Department of Medicine III; Medical University Vienna; General Hospital; Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Margreiter
- Department of Urology; Medical University Vienna; General Hospital; Vienna Austria
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Ansari SA, Khan A, Khan TA, Raza Y, Syed SA, Akhtar SS, Kazmi SU. Correlation of ABH blood group antigens secretion with Helicobacter pylori infection in Pakistani patients. Trop Med Int Health 2014; 20:115-9. [PMID: 25322664 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A and B blood group antigens are fucosylated carbohydrate present on human erythrocytes and body secretions. Their presence in body secretions depends on the expression of a dominant allele of secretor gene FUT2 and is correlated with susceptibility to various infectious and non-infectious diseases. We investigated the correlation of blood group and ABH antigen secretion with Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroduodenal symptoms and analysed the distribution of babA gene among ABH secretors and non-secretors. METHODS Two hundred and ninety patients who underwent gastroduodenal endoscopy during 2011 to 2012 participated. Gastric biopsy, saliva and blood samples were obtained from every patient. Gastric biopsies were subjected to rapid urease test and PCR for the detection of H. pylori and babA gene. Blood grouping and ABH antigens secretions were determined by Lewis blood group phenotyping and haemagglutination inhibition test. RESULTS 50.34% of patients were ABH antigen secretors and 45.51% non-secretors. Distribution analysis of blood group revealed that 40 blood group B, 67 blood group A 20 blood group O and 19 blood group AB patients secreted ABH antigens in saliva. Fifty-six blood group O, 19 blood group B, 32 blood group A and 17 blood group AB patients were non-secretors. Gastroduodenal complaints were common among non-secretors. Sixty-two percent of patients with a combination of duodenal ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux and 54% of patients with gastritis were non-secretors. Of 290 samples, 31.02% were positive for H. pylori. Thirty percent of these tested positive for babA gene; the majority belonged to non-secretor blood group O. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the infection of H. pylori is correlated with ABO blood groups and blood group antigens secretion in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Akbar Ansari
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Akter L, Haque R, Salam MA. Comparative evaluation of chromogenic agar medium and conventional culture system for isolation and presumptive identification of uropathogens. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:1033-8. [PMID: 25225521 PMCID: PMC4163227 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.305.5243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Urine is the most frequent specimen received for culture/sensitivity by clinical laboratories. The microbiological performance of HiCrome UTI agar medium was compared with Blood agar and MacConkey agar for isolation and presumptive identification of bacteria from urine culture. Methods: A total of 443 consecutively collected midstream and/or catheter-catch urine samples from patients attending the Islami Bank Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during January to December, 2012 were cultured. Urine samples showing pus cells ≥ 5/HPF were inoculated on to Blood agar (BA), MacConkey agar (MAC) and HiCrome UTI agar (CA) media simultaneously and incubated overnight aerobically at 370C. Rate of isolation and presumptive identification of bacterial species were compared for different media. Results: Culture yielded a total of 199 bacterial isolates from 189 (42.67%) positive plates including 179 (40.40%) unimicrobial and 10 (2.26%) polymicrobial (mixed growth of pair of bacteria) growths. Both HiCrome UTI agar and Blood agar media supported 100% growths while 151 (75.88%) growths were observed on MacConkey agar. The rate of presumptive identification was found significantly higher on HiCrome UTI agar (97.49%) than MAC agar (67.34%) (P<0.001) as primary urine culture medium. Of 199 isolates, E. coli was found to be the leading uropathogen isolated from 118 (59.30%) samples with its presumptive identification rate of 95.76%, 93.22% and 5.93% on CA, MAC and BA respectively. All 10 (100%) polymicrobial growths were demonstrated distinctly on CA against only 01(10%) on each BA and MAC. Conclusion: HiCrome UTI agar was found to be more useful as primary urine culture medium in both higher rate of isolation and presumptive identification of uropathogens in comparison to conventional media. Its inherent characteristics in demonstrating polymicrobial growth and ease of rapid identification by distinct colony colour are unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Akter
- Laila Akter, M.Phil (Microbiol), Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Islami Bank Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Rezwana Haque
- Rezwana Haque, M.Phil (Microbiol), Assistant Professor, Islami Bank Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdus Salam
- Md. Abdus Salam, PhD, FRCP, Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi-6000, Bangladesh
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A capacitive touch screen sensor for detection of urinary tract infections in portable biomedical devices. SENSORS 2014; 14:13851-62. [PMID: 25196109 PMCID: PMC4179013 DOI: 10.3390/s140813851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is the second highest among all infections; thus, there is a high demand for bacteriuria detection. Escherichia coli are the main cause of UTIs, with microscopy methods and urine culture being the detection standard of these bacteria. However, the urine sampling and analysis required for these methods can be both time-consuming and complex. This work proposes a capacitive touch screen sensor (CTSS) concept as feasible alternative for a portable UTI detection device. Finite element method (FEM) simulations were conducted with a CTSS model. An exponential response of the model to increasing amounts of E. coli and liquid samples was observed. A measurable capacitance change due to E. coli presence and a tangible difference in the response given to urine and water samples were also detected. Preliminary experimental studies were also conducted on a commercial CTSS using liquid solutions with increasing amounts of dissolved ions. The CTSS was capable of distinguishing different volumes of liquids, also giving an exponential response. Furthermore, the CTSS gave higher responses to solutions with a superior amount of ions. Urine samples gave the top response among tested liquids. Thus, the CTSS showed the capability to differentiate solutions by their ionic content.
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Juhász Z, Benkő R, Matuz M, Viola R, Soós G, Hajdú E. [Treatment practice of acute cystitis on the basis of national prescription data]. Orv Hetil 2014; 155:590-6. [PMID: 24704771 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2014.29804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urinary tract infections are one of the common diseases in the primary health care. AIM To analyse patterns of ambulatory antibiotic use in acute cystitis. METHOD Antibiotic use data was based on national-level prescription turnovers. Patterns of antibiotic use were evaluated by prescribing quality indicators. The content of different national guidelines for treatment of acute cystitis and adherence to these guidelines were also evaluated. RESULTS For the treatment of acute cystitis quinolones were used predominantly. Norfloxacin (26%) and ciprofloxacin (19%) were prescribed most commonly. The use of internationally recommended agents such as sulphonamides, nitrofurans and fosfomycin shared 15%, 7% and 2%, respectively. The average adherence rate to national guidelines was 66% and certain weak points (e.g. controversial content) of the national guidelines were also identified. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic use in acute cystitis seems to be suboptimal in Hungary. Considering actual local antibiotic resistance patterns, a new national guideline should be worked out for acute cystitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Juhász
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar I. Belgyógyászati Klinika, Infektológiai Osztály Szeged Kálvária sugárút 57. 6725
| | - Ria Benkő
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar Klinikai Gyógyszerészeti Intézet Szeged
| | - Mária Matuz
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar Klinikai Gyógyszerészeti Intézet Szeged
| | - Réka Viola
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar Klinikai Gyógyszerészeti Intézet Szeged
| | - Gyöngyvér Soós
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar Klinikai Gyógyszerészeti Intézet Szeged
| | - Edit Hajdú
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar I. Belgyógyászati Klinika, Infektológiai Osztály Szeged Kálvária sugárút 57. 6725
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Torella M, De Franciscis P, Russo C, Gallo P, Grimaldi A, Ambrosio D, Colacurci N, Schettino MT. Stress urinary incontinence: usefulness of perineal ultrasound. Radiol Med 2014; 119:189-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11547-013-0317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Costantini E, Zucchi A, Salvini E, Cicalese A, Li Marzi V, Filocamo MT, Bini V, Lazzeri M. Prulifloxacin vs fosfomycin for prophylaxis in female patients with recurrent UTIs: a non-inferiority trial. Int Urogynecol J 2014; 25:1173-8. [PMID: 24554302 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-013-2318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS This multicentre, randomised, non-blinded, parallel group study is designed to assess the null hypothesis that a 3-month prophylactic schedule with fosfomycin is not inferior to prulifloxacin in reducing the number of urinary tract infection episodes during and after prophylaxis in female patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). METHODS One hundred and fifty-two patients with rUTIs who were candidates for prophylaxis therapy were enrolled and randomised to prulifloxacin (group 1) or fosfomycin (group 2). The prophylaxis regimen included a single dose of fosfomycin (one 3-g cachet) per week, or a single dose (600 mg) of prulifloxacin (one tablet) a week for 12 weeks. The inclusion criteria were female patients over 18 years, urine culture responsiveness to drugs at patient recruitment and history of rUTI. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy and counter-indications to this drug therapy. Patients were prospectively randomised. Check-ups were scheduled at 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months from the beginning of the study and 3, 6, and 12 months after suspension of the therapy. The primary end-points were the reduction of the number of UTIs (negative urine culture) during and after prophylaxis. RESULTS Final data analysis included 67 patients in group 1 and 57 in group 2. Nine out of 76 patients (group 1) and 19 out of 76 (group 2) dropped out. UTI episodes were significantly reduced in number compared with before prophylaxis (p < 0.0001) at all study end-points in both groups. No significant differences were found in disease-free duration, as achieved by the two therapy groups (log-rank test; p = 0.41), in the reduction of UTI episodes during and after prophylaxis, in the adverse effects or improved quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Both drugs provided adequate prophylaxis in patients with rUTIs, with no difference in efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Costantini
- Urology Department, University of Perugia, S. M. Misericordia Hospital, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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Schröder UC, Ramoji A, Glaser U, Sachse S, Leiterer C, Csaki A, Hübner U, Fritzsche W, Pfister W, Bauer M, Popp J, Neugebauer U. Combined dielectrophoresis-Raman setup for the classification of pathogens recovered from the urinary tract. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10717-24. [PMID: 24125497 DOI: 10.1021/ac4021616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and effective methods of pathogen identifications are of major interest in clinical microbiological analysis to administer timely tailored antibiotic therapy. Raman spectroscopy as a label-free, culture-independent optical method is suitable to identify even single bacteria. However, the low bacteria concentration in body fluids makes it difficult to detect their characteristic molecular fingerprint directly in suspension. Therefore, in this study, Raman spectroscopy is combined with dielectrophoresis, which enables the direct translational manipulation of bacteria in suspensions with spatial nonuniform electrical fields so as to perform specific Raman spectroscopic characterization. A quadrupole electrode design is used to capture bacteria directly from fluids in well-defined microsized regions. With live/dead fluorescence viability staining, it is verified, that the bacteria survive this procedure for the relevant range of field strengths. The dielectrophoretic enrichment of bacteria allows for obtaining high quality Raman spectra in dilute suspensions with an integration time of only one second. As proof-of-principle study, the setup was tested with Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, two bacterial strains that are commonly encountered in urinary tract infections. Furthermore, to verify the potential for dealing with real world samples, pathogens from patients' urine have been analyzed. With the additional help of multivariate statistical analysis, a robust classification model could be built and allowed the classification of those two strains within a few minutes. In contrast, the standard microbiological diagnostics are based on very time-consuming cultivation tests. This setup holds the potential to reduce the crucial parameter diagnosis time by orders of magnitude.
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Luthje P, Brauner H, Ramos NL, Ovregaard A, Glaser R, Hirschberg AL, Aspenstrom P, Brauner A. Estrogen Supports Urothelial Defense Mechanisms. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:190ra80. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Torella M, Schettino MT, Salvatore S, Serati M, De Franciscis P, Colacurci N. Intravesical therapy in recurrent cystitis: a multi-center experience. J Infect Chemother 2013; 19:920-5. [PMID: 23649671 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-013-0609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 20-30% of women suffer from recurrent cystitis. Recently, the problem of bacterial internalization, especially by Escherichia coli, has been significantly emerging as the main cause of recurrent episodes. It is believed that such a process is favored by damage to the urothelial mucous membrane. Concerning this, intravesical therapy with hyaluronic acid alone or in association with chondroitin sulfate was shown to improve urothelium thickness and reduction of bacterial load in the urine. The aim of our study was to assess whether intravesical therapy with hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) is more effective than antibiotic therapy in reducing episodes and symptoms of recurrent urinary tract infections. We compared the number of recurring episodes in three groups of patients affected by recurrent urinary tract infections assigned to three different therapeutic regimens: the first group was treated only with HA and CS, the second group with HA and CS associated with fosfomycin, and the third group was treated only with fosfomycin (F). We assessed the number of recurrent episodes for each patient that occurred during a 6- to 12-month follow-up. The results showed 72.7% of patients in the HA-CS group, 75% in the fosfomycin + HA-CS group, and only 30.4% in the fosfomycin group were event free at follow-up. The results were analyzed using the Fisher's exact test. In conclusion, intravesical therapy with hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate is an effective therapeutic approach to treat and prevent episodes of recurrent cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Torella
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Studies of Naples, Largo Madonna delle Grazie n°1, 80138, Naples, Italy,
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Juhasz Z, Benko R, Matuz M, Viola R, Soos G, Hajdu E. Treatment of acute cystitis in Hungary: comparison with national guidelines and with disease-specific quality indicators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 45:612-5. [PMID: 23547569 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2013.777157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare Hungarian antibiotic use in acute cystitis with the internationally developed disease-specific quality indicators and with the national guidelines. METHODS The aggregated national-level data on systemic antibiotic use was purchased from the National Health Fund Administration. The study period was January-June 2007. Antibiotic use in acute cystitis was evaluated by means of the defined daily dose (DDD) methodology. Quality indicators of antibiotic prescribing proposed by the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) team were the usage rate of recommended antibacterials and the usage rate of quinolones. Adherence to the available national guidelines was determined. RESULTS For acute cystitis, 1.06 DDD per 1000 inhabitant-days antibiotic use was recorded. The ESAC recommended antibiotic use in cystitis (23.3%) was well below the recommended range (80-100%). The consumption of fluoroquinolones was 56.2%, which exceeded the recommended range (0-5%) more than 10 times. The adherence rate to the Hungarian guidelines ranged between 59.3% and 74.2%. CONCLUSIONS As both investigated disease-specific quality indicators were well outside the acceptable ranges, some inappropriateness of antibiotic use in cystitis seems to be present. Adherence rates to the different national guidelines were also moderate, but due to the general recommendation of quinolones, values should be interpreted with caution. New transparent guidelines - issued by the Hungarian Society of Family Physicians - should be introduced in Hungary, recommending quinolones only for second-line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Juhasz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Comparative in vitro inhibition of urinary tract pathogens by single- and multi-strain probiotics. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:1669-77. [PMID: 23392622 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multi-species probiotic preparations have been suggested as having a wide spectrum of application, although few studies have compared their efficacy with that of individual component strains at equal concentrations. We therefore tested the ability of 4 single probiotics and 4 probiotic mixtures to inhibit the urinary tract pathogens Escherichia coli NCTC 9001 and Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 00775. METHODS We used an agar spot test to test the ability of viable cells to inhibit pathogens, while a broth inhibition assay was used to assess inhibition by cell-free probiotic supernatants in both pH-neutralised and non-neutralised forms. RESULTS In the agar spot test, all probiotic treatments showed inhibition, L. acidophilus was the most inhibitory single strain against E. faecalis, L. fermentum the most inhibitory against E. coli. A commercially available mixture of 14 strains (Bio-Kult(®)) was the most effective mixture, against E. faecalis, the 3-lactobacillus mixture the most inhibitory against E. coli. Mixtures were not significantly more inhibitory than single strains. In the broth inhibition assays, all probiotic supernatants inhibited both pathogens when pH was not controlled, with only 2 treatments causing inhibition at a neutral pH. CONCLUSIONS Both viable cells of probiotics and supernatants of probiotic cultures were able to inhibit growth of two urinary tract pathogens. Probiotic mixtures prevented the growth of urinary tract pathogens but were not significantly more inhibitory than single strains. Probiotics appear to produce metabolites that are inhibitory towards urinary tract pathogens. Probiotics display potential to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections via inhibition of colonisation.
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Direct detection and genotyping of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases from urine by use of a new DNA microarray test. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:3990-8. [PMID: 23035190 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00990-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) are considered a serious threat to antibiotic therapy, as they confer resistance to carbapenems, which are used to treat extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of a DNA microarray for the detection and genotyping of KPC genes (bla(KPC)) within a 5-h period. To test the whole assay procedure (DNA extraction plus a DNA microarray assay) directly from clinical specimens, we compared two commercial DNA extraction kits (the QIAprep Spin miniprep kit [Qiagen] and the urine bacterial DNA isolation kit [Norgen]) for the direct DNA extraction from urine samples (dilution series spiked in human urine). Reliable single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing was demonstrated using 1 × 10(5) CFU/ml urine for Escherichia coli (Qiagen and Norgen) and 80 CFU/ml urine, on average, for K. pneumoniae (Norgen). This study presents, for the first time, the combination of a new KPC microarray with commercial sample preparation for detecting and genotyping microbial pathogens directly from clinical specimens; this paves the way toward tests providing epidemiological and diagnostic data, enabling better antimicrobial stewardship.
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Borg C, de Jong PJ. Feelings of disgust and disgust-induced avoidance weaken following induced sexual arousal in women. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44111. [PMID: 22984465 PMCID: PMC3440388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex and disgust are basic, evolutionary relevant functions that are often construed as paradoxical. In general the stimuli involved in sexual encounters are, at least out of context strongly perceived to hold high disgust qualities. Saliva, sweat, semen and body odours are among the strongest disgust elicitors. This results in the intriguing question of how people succeed in having pleasurable sex at all. One possible explanation could be that sexual engagement temporarily reduces the disgust eliciting properties of particular stimuli or that sexual engagement might weaken the hesitation to actually approach these stimuli. METHODOLOGY Participants were healthy women (n = 90) randomly allocated to one of three groups: the sexual arousal, the non-sexual positive arousal, or the neutral control group. Film clips were used to elicit the relevant mood state. Participants engaged in 16 behavioural tasks, involving sex related (e.g., lubricate the vibrator) and non-sex related (e.g., take a sip of juice with a large insect in the cup) stimuli, to measure the impact of sexual arousal on feelings of disgust and actual avoidance behaviour. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The sexual arousal group rated the sex related stimuli as less disgusting compared to the other groups. A similar tendency was evident for the non-sex disgusting stimuli. For both the sex and non-sex related behavioural tasks the sexual arousal group showed less avoidance behaviour (i.e., they conducted the highest percentage of tasks compared to the other groups). SIGNIFICANCE This study has investigated how sexual arousal interplays with disgust and disgust eliciting properties in women, and has demonstrated that this relationship goes beyond subjective report by affecting the actual approach to disgusting stimuli. Hence, this could explain how we still manage to engage in pleasurable sexual activity. Moreover, these findings suggest that low sexual arousal might be a key feature in the maintenance of particular sexual dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Borg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Sexuality, pre-conception counseling and urological management of pregnancy for young women with spina bifida. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 163:129-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Baek-Nam Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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