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Sherje AP, Jadhav M, Dravyakar BR, Kadam D. Dendrimers: A versatile nanocarrier for drug delivery and targeting. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:707-720. [PMID: 30012508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are novel polymeric nanoarchitectures characterized by hyper-branched 3D-structure having multiple functional groups on the surface that increases their functionality and make them versatile and biocompatible. Their unique properties like nanoscale uniform size, high degree of branching, polyvalency, water solubility, available internal cavities and convenient synthesis approaches make them promising agent for biological and drug delivery applications. Dendrimers have received an enormous attention from researchers among various nanomaterials. Dendrimers can be used as a carrier for diverse therapeutic agents. They can be used for reducing drug toxicities and enhancement of their efficacies. The present review provide a comprehensive outline of synthesis of dendrimers, interaction of dendrimer with guest molecules, properties, characterization and their potential applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul P Sherje
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India.
| | - Mrunal Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Bhushan R Dravyakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Darshana Kadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
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Ghaffari M, Dehghan G, Abedi-Gaballu F, Kashanian S, Baradaran B, Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi J, Losic D. Surface functionalized dendrimers as controlled-release delivery nanosystems for tumor targeting. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:311-330. [PMID: 30003954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are nano-sized and three-dimensional macromolecules with well-defined globular architecture and are widely used in various aspects such as drug and gene delivery owing to multivalent and host-guest entrapment properties. However, dendrimers like other nanomaterials have some disadvantages for example rapid clearance by reticuloendothelial system, toxicity due to interaction of amine terminated group with cell membrane, low transfection efficiency and lack of controlled release behavior, which reduce their therapeutic efficiency. To solve these problems, surface functionalization of dendrimers can be carried out. Surface functionalization not only mitigates this obstacle but also renders excessive specificity to dendrimer to improve efficiency of cancer therapy. Specific properties in cancer cell compared to normal cells such as overexpression of various receptors and difference in biological condition like pH, temperature and redox of tumor environment can be an appropriate strategy to increase site-specific targeting efficiency. Therefore, in this article we focus on numerous functionalization strategies, which are used in the modification of dendrimers through attachment of lipid, amino acid, protein/peptide, aptamer, vitamin, antibody. Moreover, increased biocompatibility, site-specific delivery based on various ligands, enhanced transfection efficiency, sustained and controlled release behavior based on stimuli responsiveness are benefits of functionalized dendrimer which we discuss in this review. Overall, these functionalized dendrimers can open a new horizon in the field of targeted drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghaffari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereydoon Abedi-Gaballu
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Kashanian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sensor and Biosensor Research Center (SBRC) & Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center (NNRC), Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran; Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, North Engineering Building, N206, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Breun M, Schwerdtfeger A, Martellotta DD, Kessler AF, Perez JM, Monoranu CM, Ernestus RI, Matthies C, Löhr M, Hagemann C. CXCR4: A new player in vestibular schwannoma pathogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:9940-9950. [PMID: 29515781 PMCID: PMC5839412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor that recruits blood stem cells and increases tumor cell growth and invasiveness. We examined CXCR4 expression in vestibular schwannomas (VS) from patients with and without neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and correlated the levels with the patients' clinical characteristics. The aim was to determine whether CXCR4 can be used as a prognostic marker and as a target for systemic therapy. RESULTS Overall, CXCR4 mRNA levels were 4.6-fold higher in VS versus control; the levels were 4.9-fold higher in NF2 patients and 4.2-fold higher in sporadic VS patients. IHC and WB showed heterogeneous protein expression, and CXCR4 was expressed mainly in S100-positive Schwann cells. There was no correlation between the CXCR4 protein levels and tumor extension. However, there was a trend towards correlation between higher expression levels and greater hearing loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS CXCR4 mRNA and protein levels were determined in VS samples (n = 60); of these, 30 samples were from patients with NF2. Healthy nerves from autopsies served as controls. CXCR4 mRNA levels were measured by PCR, and protein levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB). Tumor extension and hearing loss were categorized according to the Hannover Classification as clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS CXCR4 mRNA was overexpressed in VS relative to healthy vestibular nerves, and there was a trend towards higher CXCR4 expression levels being correlated with greater functional impairment. Thus, CXCR4 may be a prognostic marker of VS, and CXCR4 inhibition has potential as a systemic approach for the treatment of VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Breun
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Almuth F. Kessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jose M. Perez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia M Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Würzburg, Institute of Pathology, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Mainfranken, Würzburg
| | - Ralf-Ingo Ernestus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Matthies
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mario Löhr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hagemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Elkin I, Banquy X, Barrett CJ, Hildgen P. Non-covalent formulation of active principles with dendrimers: Current state-of-the-art and prospects for further development. J Control Release 2017; 264:288-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Manzur A, Oluwasanmi A, Moss D, Curtis A, Hoskins C. Nanotechnologies in Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:E39. [PMID: 28946666 PMCID: PMC5750645 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has been classified as a cancer of unmet need. After diagnosis the patient prognosis is dismal with few surviving over 5 years. Treatment regimes are highly patient variable and often the patients are too sick to undergo surgical resection or chemotherapy. These chemotherapies are not effective often because patients are diagnosed at late stages and tumour metastasis has occurred. Nanotechnology can be used in order to formulate potent anticancer agents to improve their physicochemical properties such as poor aqueous solubility or prolong circulation times after administration resulting in improved efficacy. Studies have reported the use of nanotechnologies to improve the efficacy of gemcitabine (the current first line treatment) as well as investigating the potential of using other drug molecules which have previously shown promise but were unable to be utilised due to the inability to administer through appropriate routes-often related to solubility. Of the nanotechnologies reported, many can offer site specific targeting to the site of action as well as a plethora of other multifunctional properties such as image guidance and controlled release. This review focuses on the use of the major nanotechnologies both under pre-clinical development and those which have recently been approved for use in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Manzur
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
| | - Adeolu Oluwasanmi
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
| | - Darren Moss
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
| | - Anthony Curtis
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
| | - Clare Hoskins
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
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