Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterizations of patinas formed on an archaeological bronze coin

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Investigations of a Microelectrode Behavior in a Thin-Layer Cell: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments were performed on a microdisk electrode in a thin-layer cell using a scanning electrochemical microscope for controlling the cell geometry. Experimental data showed that when the thin-layer thickness diminished, an additional low-frequency response appeared. It was ascribed to the radial diffusion of the electroactive species and was strongly dependent on the thin-layer dimensions (both thickness and diameter). Moreover, the numerical simulation of the impedance diagrams by finite element method calculations confirmed this behavior. An equivalent circuit based on a Randles-type circuit was proposed. Thus, the diffusion was described by introducing two electrical elements: one for the spherical diffusion and the other for the radial contribution. A nonlinear Simplex algorithm was used, and this circuit was shown to fit the impedance diagrams with a good accuracy.