51
|
Yu H, Lin M, Peng W, He C. Seasonal changes of heavy metals and health risk assessment based on Monte Carlo simulation in alternate water sources of the Xinbian River in Suzhou City, Huaibei Plain, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113445. [PMID: 35378402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The urban alternate water source (AWS) is of great significance to the sustainable development of the city, the pollution degree, and source of heavy metals (HMs) in AWS, and whether it will adversely affect human health has received widespread attention. In this study, the urban AWS of Xinbian River in Suzhou City, Huaibei Plain, China, was used as the research object to study the seasonal changes of HMs (As, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn), quantitative identification of pollution sources, and human health risks (HHR). Research results show that the contents of those HMs, except As, are less than the drinking standards limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the contents of As, Cr, and Zn are the largest in summer. The multivariate statistical analysis combined with positive matrix factorization (PMF) model analysis revealed that industrial sources accounted for 44.83%, and agricultural sources accounted for 55.17%. HHR assessment based on Monte Carlo simulation shows that the noncarcinogenic risks of adults and children are in the acceptable range (hazardous ingestion (HI) < 1), and the probability of carcinogenic risk values of children and adults are 95.03% and 38.96%, respectively, which are exceed the acceptable range (1 × 10-4) recommended by the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA). Approximately 30.75% of the carcinogenic risk value of agricultural source HMs to children exceeds the acceptable range (1 × 10-4). The above research results indicate that the effect of agricultural non-point source pollution on AWS should be prevented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mine Water Resource Utilization of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China; School of Environment and Surveying Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
| | - Manli Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mine Water Resource Utilization of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China; School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China.
| | - Weihua Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mine Water Resource Utilization of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China; School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China.
| | - Can He
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Prior Pollution Source Identification in Agricultural Soil: A Case Study in the Qianguo Irrigation District, Northeast China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are the primary pollutants in agricultural soil and have hindered the sustainable development of agriculture. To control heavy metal pollution, it is essential to identify the pollution sources, particularly the prior source, in agricultural soils. In the current study, Qianguo Irrigation District, a typical agricultural region in Northeast China, was selected to be investigated for the source apportionment of soil heavy metals and identify the prior pollution source. The results showed that the study area was at a moderate pollution level with considerable ecological risk, while Hg and Cd were the main pollutants. Human-health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk for all populations was acceptable (HI < 1), and the carcinogenic risk was not negligible (10−6 < TCR < 10−4). The main pollution sources were concluded to be of lithogenic origin (35.5%), livestock manure (25.4%), coal combustion (21.5%), and chemical fertilizers (17.7%). Coal combustion was identified as the prior pollution source, accounting for 47.69% of the RI contribution. This study can provide scientific support for environmental management and pollution control of soil heavy metals in agricultural regions.
Collapse
|
53
|
Dias YN, Pereira WVDS, Costa MVD, Souza ESD, Ramos SJ, Amarante CBD, Campos WEO, Fernandes AR. Biochar mitigates bioavailability and environmental risks of arsenic in gold mining tailings from the eastern Amazon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114840. [PMID: 35290957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Artisanal gold mining has generated tailings highly contaminated by arsenic (As) in Cachoeira do Piriá, eastern Amazon, leading to severe risks to the environment. Such risks should be mitigated considering the bioavailable concentration of the element, since it implies immediate damage to the ecosystem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of biochars in mitigating the environmental risks of bioavailable As concentrations in gold mining tailings from underground and cyanidation exploration. The biochar addition increased mineral components, cation retention, phosphorus in all fractions, and organic and inorganic carbon. The bioavailability of As was reduced after adding the biochars, following the order palm kernel cake biochar > Brazil nut shell biochar > açaí seed biochar, with reductions of up to 13 mg kg-1 in the underground mining tailings and 17 mg kg-1 in the cyanidation mining tailings. These results contributed to the statistically significant reduction of the environmental risks in both mining tailings (6-17% in the underground mining tailings and 9-20% in the cyanidation mining tailings), which was emphasized by Pearson's correlation and multivariate analyzes. The incorporation of the bioavailable fractions of As (from sequential extraction) in the environmental risk assessment was a promising method for evaluating the efficiency of biochars in mitigating the damage caused by this metalloid in gold mining tailings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Nunes Dias
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcela Vieira da Costa
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edna Santos de Souza
- Xingu Institute of Studies, Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, 68380-000, São Félix Do Xingu, Pará, Brazil
| | - Silvio Junio Ramos
- Vale Institute of Technology - Sustainable Development, 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Miao F, Zhang Y, Li Y, Lin Q. A synthetic health risk assessment based on geochemical equilibrium simulation and grid spatial interpolation for zinc (II) species. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114207. [PMID: 34864417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal pollution has become a global issue involving environmental safety and human health risks. This paper quantified the sources of heavy metals by positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and explored the spatial distribution of heavy metals by means of grid scales, with an industrial site as the study area in Suzhou. The PMF identified four pollution sources of heavy metal in soil, and the quantitative results revealed that industrial activities (33.5%) contributed the most to heavy metals, followed by soil parent materials (30.8%) and agricultural activities (19.7%). Zinc (Zn) was screened out as the targeted metal (TM) through the potential ecological risk assessment, the metal species of which was simulated by the geochemical software PHREEQC. This research aimed to determine the dominant metal species of TM with high-risk levels to realize the transformation of toxic metal species. Herein, according to the morphological evolution of metal species, the activity and concentration of the Zn ion species were obtained for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment. The evaluation of the optimized human health risk demonstrated that the associated health risk of Zn (II) ions depended predominantly on its metal speciation. Overall, the optimized carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk value of Zn2S32- for adults was 2.01E-04 and for children was 1.31, resulting in corresponding hazardous risk to humans, which accounted for high-risk levels of 61.5% and 58.5% for adults and children, respectively. The OHRA method can provide a reference for the decision-making of soil heavy metal pollution and remediation for specific heavy metals in polluted areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Miao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yimei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Functional Material, Suzhou Research Academy of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China.
| | - Yu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qianguo Lin
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Functional Material, Suzhou Research Academy of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China; Business School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Sun Q, Li Y, Shi L, Hussain R, Mehmood K, Tang Z, Zhang H. Heavy metals induced mitochondrial dysfunction in animals: Molecular mechanism of toxicity. Toxicology 2022; 469:153136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
56
|
Chen H, Wang L, Hu B, Xu J, Liu X. Potential driving forces and probabilistic health risks of heavy metal accumulation in the soils from an e-waste area, southeast China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133182. [PMID: 34883131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The integrated analysis of the distribution characteristics, health risks, and source identification of heavy metals is crucial for formulating prevention and control strategies for soil contamination. In this study, the area around an abandoned electronic waste dismantling center in China was selected as the research area. The probabilistic health risks caused by heavy metals were evaluated by the Monte Carlo simulation. Random forest, partial least squares regression, and generalized linear models were utilized to predict heavy metal distributions and identify the potential driving factors affecting heavy metal accumulation in soil. The relationships of spatial variation between the heavy metal contents and environmental variables were further visualized. The results revealed that cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) were the primary soil pollutants in the study area and caused high ecological risks. The probabilistic health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for all populations were acceptable. However, children are more susceptible to heavy metal soil contamination than adults. The sensitivity analyses indicated that the total contents of soil heavy metals and soil ingestion rate were the dominant factors affecting human health. The random forest model, with R2 values of 0.41, 0.65, 0.57, 0.71, and 0.58 for Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb, respectively, predicted the heavy metal concentrations better than the other two models. The distance to the nearest industrial enterprise, industrial output, and agricultural chemical input were the main factors affecting Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb accumulations in the soil, and soil pH and soil parent material were the primary factors influencing Ni accumulation in the soil. The visualization results of the geographically weighted regression model showed a significant relationship between soil heavy metal contents and industrial activity level. This study could be utilized as a reference for policymakers to formulate prevention and control strategies for heavy metal pollution in agricultural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Chen
- College of Environmental Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Environmental Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bifeng Hu
- Department of Land Resource Management, School of Tourism and Urban Management, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- College of Environmental Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Qadri H, Uqab B, Javeed O, Dar GH, Bhat RA. Ceratophyllum demersum-An accretion biotool for heavy metal remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150548. [PMID: 34597963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater habitats are under serious threat due to the diverse pressures of development and restoration of these ecosystems is an important challenge in the present era. With a number of scientifically advanced methods available for restoration of these systems, phytoremediation finds its unique space as an ecologically sustainable technique. In this paper, a case study of Certophyllum demersum as a tool of heavy metal remediation in Dal lake, a natural freshwater system in Kashmir, India is presented. At all concentrations (2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm) the metal accumulation efficiency of C. demersum is of the order of Co2+ > Cd2+ > Mn2+ followed by other metals. The carbohydrate- protein plot reveals positive correlation (0.696) with the heavy metal uptake while the lipid-protein plot overall shows a weak correlation (0.296) and the carbohydrate-lipid plot shows an insignificant correlation (0.019). The results of the present study revealed attenuation of protein levels at low doses which lowered with increased heavy metal concentrations. Further, the overall lipid and carbohydrate content of the cultured C. demersum displayed a general decline with a rise in the concentration of heavy metals The overall study indicates the efficiency of C. demersum to adapt in polluted conditions and its potential to remove heavy metals for sustainable restoration of the degraded aquatic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Qadri
- Sri Pratap College, School of Sciences, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar-1, India.
| | - Baba Uqab
- Sri Pratap College, School of Sciences, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar-1, India
| | - Ovais Javeed
- Sri Pratap College, School of Sciences, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar-1, India
| | - Gowhar Hamid Dar
- Sri Pratap College, School of Sciences, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar-1, India
| | - Rouf Ahmad Bhat
- Sri Pratap College, School of Sciences, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar-1, India
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Chen X, Du Z, Guo T, Wu J, Wang B, Wei Z, Jia L, Kang K. Effects of heavy metals stress on chicken manures composting via the perspective of microbial community feedback. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118624. [PMID: 34864104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution was the main risk during livestock manures composting, in which microorganisms played a vital role. However, response strategies of microbial community to heavy metals stress (HMS) remained largely unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to reveal the ecological adaptation and counter-effect of bacterial community under HMS during chicken manures composting, and evaluating environmental implications of HMS on composting. The degradation of organic matters (more than 6.4%) and carbohydrate (more than 19.8%) were enhanced under intense HMS, suggesting that microorganisms could quickly adapt to the HMS to ensure smooth composting. Meanwhile, HMS increased keystone nodes and strengthened significant positive correlation relationships between genera (p < 0.05), indicating that bacteria resisted HMS through cooperating during composting. In addition, different bacterial groups performed various functions to cope with HMS. Specific bacterial groups responded to HMS, and certain groups regulated bacterial networks. Therefore, bacterial community had the extraordinary potential to deal with HMS and guarantee chicken manures composting even in the presence of high concentrations of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhuang Du
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tong Guo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Junqiu Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Liming Jia
- Heilongjiang Province Environmental Monitoring Centre, Harbin, 150056, China
| | - Kejia Kang
- Heilongjiang Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Harbin, 150056, China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Lan W, Yao C, Luo F, Jin Z, Lu S, Li J, Wang X, Hu X. Effects of Application of Pig Manure on the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Rice. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11020207. [PMID: 35050095 PMCID: PMC8777798 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pig manure (PM) is often highly enriched in heavy metals, such as Cu and Zn, due to the wide use of feed additives. To study the potential risks of heavy metal accumulation in the soil and rice grains by the application of PM and other organic manure, a four-year field experiment was conducted in the suburb of Shanghai, southeast China. The contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the soils and rice plants by the treatments of PM and fungal culturing residues (FCR) show a trend of annual increase. Those in the soils and rice by the PM treatment are raised even more significantly. Cu and Zn contents in the soil and rice roots by the PM are significantly higher than those by the non-fertilizer control (CK) during the four years, and Pb and Cd also significantly higher than CK in the latter two years. Heavy metals taken up by the rice plants are mostly retained in the roots. Cu and Zn contents in the rice plants are in the decreasing order of roots > grains > stems > leaves, and Pb and Cd in the order of roots > stems > leaves > grains. Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd contents in the soils by the PM treatment increase by 73%, 32%, 106%, and 127% on annual average, and those in the brown rice by 104%, 98%, 275%, and 199%, respectively. The contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the brown rice of the treatments are significantly correlated with those in the soils and rice roots (p < 0.05), suggesting the heavy metals accumulated in the rice grains come from the application of PM and FCR. Though the contents of heavy metals in the brown rice during the four experimental years are still within the safe levels, the risks of their accumulative increments, especially by long-term application of PM, can never be neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchong Lan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (W.L.); (F.L.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Chunxia Yao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Fan Luo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (W.L.); (F.L.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhi Jin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (W.L.); (F.L.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Siwen Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (W.L.); (F.L.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Jun Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (W.L.); (F.L.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xindong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (W.L.); (F.L.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (W.L.); (F.L.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (X.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Covre WP, Ramos SJ, Pereira WVDS, Souza ESD, Martins GC, Teixeira OMM, Amarante CBD, Dias YN, Fernandes AR. Impact of copper mining wastes in the Amazon: Properties and risks to environment and human health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126688. [PMID: 34315634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improper disposal of copper mining wastes can threaten the ecosystem and human health due to the high levels of potentially toxic elements released into the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the properties of Cu mining wastes generated in the eastern Amazon and their potential risks to environment and human health. Samples of forest soil and artisanal/industrial Cu mining wastes were collected and subjected to characterization of properties and pseudo-total concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in addition to chemical fractionation of Cu. The pH ranged from near neutrality to alkaline. Pseudo-total concentrations of Cu were high in all wastes, mainly in the artisanal rock waste, with 19,034 mg kg-1, of which 61% is concentrated in the most reactive fractions. Pollution indices indicated that the wastes are highly contaminated by Cu and moderately contaminated by Cr and Ni. However, only the artisanal rock waste is associated with environmental risk. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic human health risks were detected, especially from exposure to Cr in the artisanal rock waste. Prevention actions and monitoring of the artisanal mining area are necessary to avoid impacts to the local population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Watilla Pereira Covre
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Silvio Junio Ramos
- Vale Institute of Technology - Sustainable Development, 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | - Edna Santos de Souza
- Xingu Institute of Studies, Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, 68380-000, São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Yan Nunes Dias
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Guo X, Wang L, Ma F, You Y, Ju C. Multi-level methods to quantify risk assessment, source apportionment and identifying key risk areas of soil toxic elements in Ashi River watershed, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149385. [PMID: 34399335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of small watershed governance in agricultural production process, soil toxic element pollution issue in watersheds constitutes a recent research hot spot. The Ashi River watershed is an agriculture-dominated small watershed which is exposed to toxic element sources, posing high risk of toxic element pollution to the planting areas. In this study, collection of soil samples was carried out along the periphery of the river network, and the soil physicochemical parameters and toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate the pollution degree, and the contents of As, Cd, and Zn in some sampling sites exceeded risk screening values. Moreover, soils closer to mining sources were found to be more polluted; (2) Redundancy analysis confirmed the contribution rate relationship between environmental factors and toxic elements. C/N ratio, total carbon (C), and total potassium (K) exhibited significant relationships with toxic elements (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, geographic locations (longitude, latitude, and elevation) showed significant impacts on toxic element contents (except for Cu); (3) The apportionment of toxic element pollution sources by using principal component analysis showed that Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd were mainly related to mining activities, while As was closely related to insecticide and herbicide, and Cr was mainly related to soil parent material and electroplating factory; (4) Through the integrated resistance base surface and toxic element sources combined with minimum cumulative resistance model, the toxic element risk areas were identified. The middle reaches corresponded to the extremely high risk zone, which undeniably requires the strengthening of the environmental management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yongqiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chang Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Li Q, Zhu K, Liu L, Sun X. Pollution-Induced Food Safety Problem in China: Trends and Policies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:703832. [PMID: 34859024 PMCID: PMC8631815 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.703832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on systematic literature study and policy document analysis, this paper investigates the environmental pollution-induced food safety problem in China, including the impact of environmental pollution on food safety and the policy response of Chinese government since 1970's. The results show that, to different degrees, food safety of China is affected by large but inefficient chemical fertilizer and pesticides residue (although the consumption began to decline after around 2015), cropland heavy metal pollution (especially cadmium), water pollution, and high ozone concentration. The evolution of pollution-induced food safety policies of China can be divided into four stages, i.e., preparation stage (1974–1994), construction stage (1995–2005), elaboration stage (2006–2013), and intensification stage (2014–). Through the four stages, the increasingly stringent policy system has been featured by “from supply-safety balance to safety first,” “from multi-agency management to integrated management,” and “from ex post supervision to ex ante risk control.” To further prevent pollution and control food quality, more collaborations between the agricultural and environmental agencies and more specific policies should be anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Li
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunyang Zhu
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Teixeira RA, Pereira WVDS, Souza ESD, Ramos SJ, Dias YN, Lima MWD, de Souza Neto HF, Oliveira ESD, Fernandes AR. Artisanal gold mining in the eastern Amazon: Environmental and human health risks of mercury from different mining methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131220. [PMID: 34186225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Artisanal gold (Au) mining is the activity with the highest consumption of mercury (Hg) and the main source of environmental contamination by this element, which is a recurring problem in the Amazon. In this study, contamination and risks caused by Hg to the environment and human health were evaluated in different forms of artisanal Au mining in the Brazilian Amazon. For this purpose, 25 samples of soils and tailings were collected in three types of artisanal mine and one native forest. The mineralogical analysis revealed that there is no occurrence of minerals constituted by Hg. However, the concentrations of Hg in underground mining tailings were very high and exceeded the prevention values established by Brazilian environmental legislation, indicating elevated risk to the ecosystem and human health. The enrichment factor indicated that underground mining tailings are enriched by Hg, submitted to cyanidation or not, suggesting anthropogenic source for the high concentrations of Hg. The geoaccumulation index and the contamination factor showed that the colluvial mining tailings are moderately contaminated, and the tailings from underground mining are highly to extremely contaminated, leading to very high risks to the environment and the health of children from the region. These results represent a great contribution to the Amazon, since they provide subsidies for the definition of policies to mitigate environmental contamination and associated risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvio Junio Ramos
- Vale Institute of Technology - Sustainable Development, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Yan Nunes Dias
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Shen W, Hu Y, Zhang J, Zhao F, Bian P, Liu Y. Spatial distribution and human health risk assessment of soil heavy metals based on sequential Gaussian simulation and positive matrix factorization model: A case study in irrigation area of the Yellow River. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112752. [PMID: 34507041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The content of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni and As from 250 soil samples was measured in agricultural soil of Ningxia section of the Yellow River. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was to identify the main sources of these heavy metals; Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) was to identify their spatial distribution and high-risk areas; and Human Health risk (HHR) model was to measure the health risk. Results showed that the average content of Cd and As exceeds the risk screening value of "Soil Environmental Quality-Agricultural Land Soil Pollution Risk Control Standard" (GB 15618-2018), which belongs to slight-level pollution. Although the content of other types of HMs (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni) is below the risk screening value, they are still included heavily in the soil (except Cr). PMF indicated that mixed sources of agriculture and industry accounted for 27.06%, natural sources accounted for 14.12%, industrial sources accounted for 23.04%, traffic sources accounted for 21.50%, and Yellow River sedimentary sources accounted for 14.28%. PMF-HHR showed that the mixed sources of agriculture and industry are the most important factor causing non-carcinogenic risk (HI) to children (accounting for 55.75%). Industrial sources and traffic sources were the two main factors that cause HI to adults (industrial sources accounted for 25.16%, and traffic sources accounted for 28.78%). Mixed sources of agriculture and industry and natural sources were the two main factors that cause carcinogenic risk (CR) (mixed sources of agriculture and industry account for 35.34%, and natural sources account for 33.23%). SGS indicated that 0.64% and 9.32% of the total areas were posing as higher HI areas to children and adults respectively; in particular, 0.68% and 1.12% of the areas were identified as higher HI of As and Cr areas at a critical probability of 0.9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Shen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Shaanxi Academy of Forestry, Xian, Shaanxi 710082, PR China
| | - Pengyang Bian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Yixuan Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Zhu W, Yang X, He J, Wang X, Lu R, Zhang Z. Investigation and Systematic Risk Assessment in a Typical Contaminated Site of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal. Front Public Health 2021; 9:764788. [PMID: 34778191 PMCID: PMC8578362 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.764788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 214 sampling sites of a hazardous waste disposal center were surveyed in a two-stage pollution investigation, including soil boreholes and groundwater monitoring wells. Results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) (4.00–2930.00 mg/L), fluoride (0.07–9.08 mg/L), chromium (0.12–1.20 μg/L), nickel (0.15–459.00 μg/L), lead (0.10–10.20 μg/L), cadmium (Cd) (0.05–16.40 μg/L), and beryllium (0.06–3.48 μg/L) were detected in groundwater samples. For soils, Cd in soil (78.7 mg/kg) exceeded the risk screening value (65 mg/kg) for soil contamination of the second type of development land (GB36600-2018), and there remained the risk of leakage in the landfill detection investigation. Then, a health risk assessment was carried out. Based on the definitions of the groundwater exposure pathway (HJ 25.3-2019) and the pollution investigation of groundwater, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of groundwater were generally considered to be negligible. The carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of the concerned pollutant in soil for risk assessment (Cd) under the condition of reutilization exceeded the corresponding acceptable levels (1E-06 and 1). The (non-)carcinogenic risk of Cd mainly came from oral intake of soil and inhalation of soil particles under two conditions of reutilization and non-utilization, so on-site workers and surrounding residents should be properly protected from the mouth and nose to minimize the intake of pollutants from the soil and soil particles. The area of soil contaminated by Cd was about 630.58 m2, and the amount of pollution was about 1261.16 m3. The heavy metal pollution was only distributed in the depth range of 0–2 m, and the suggested risk control value of soil pollutants under the condition of reutilization for Cd was 56 mg/kg. Based on different pollution characteristics of soil, groundwater, and the landfill, targeted control measures were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhu
- Soil Environmental Protection Center, Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Yang
- Soil Environmental Protection Center, Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Jun He
- Soil Environmental Protection Center, Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahui Wang
- Soil Environmental Protection Center, Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Lu
- Soil Environmental Protection Center, Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Soil Environmental Protection Center, Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Zhang Y, Guo Z, Peng C, Deng H, Xiao X. A questionnaire based probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) of heavy metals in urban and suburban soils under different land uses and receptor populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148525. [PMID: 34175607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The choice of receptor populations is crucial for assessing the health risk posed by heavy metals in soil. A total of 457 questionnaires were conducted on 10 sensitive receptor populations, which were exposed to potentially contaminated soil under four land uses, to determine their exposure frequency (EF) and exposure time (ET) values. The exposure risk (ER: the probability of being exposed to target soil) varied between the receptor populations because of their different EF and ET values. Green maintenance workers in park soil, who had fixed outdoor working hours (6 or 7 days per week and 8 h per day), had the highest EF and ET values, while adults and children who visited parks only at weekends had the lowest EF values. Green maintenance workers, sanitation workers, and children faced the highest hazards (i.e., hazard index (HI) values) from heavy metals in soil in parks and residential areas, roadsides, and farmland, and were found to be the most sensitive receptor populations (MSRPs) for these land uses. The 90th percentile of the HI value for the four land uses based on MSRPs followed the order of roadsides (0.48) > parks (0.44) > residential areas (0.21) > suburban farmlands(0.18), and all were lower than 1, indicating a virtually safe level. Washing hands immediately and wearing shoes when working on farmland considerably reduced the HI values by 56.6%. The EF, ET, and body weight (BW) values were the most sensitive parameters in the health risk assessment. The results suggested that the type of receptor population will greatly affect the results of a health risk assessment for soil pollutants. It is necessary to select the risk receptors carefully based on the land use types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chi Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Haoyu Deng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Patterns, and Sources of Toxic Elements in Soils from a Typical Industrial City of Eastern China. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil pollution due to toxic elements (TEs) has been a core environmental concern globally, particularly in areas with developed industries. In this study, we sampled 300 surface (0–0.2 m) soil samples from Yuyao City in eastern China. Initially, the geo-accumulation index, potential ecological risk index, single pollution index, and Nemerow composite pollution index were used to evaluate the soil contamination status in Yuyao City. Ordinary kriging was then deployed to map the distribution of the soil TEs. Subsequently, indicator kriging was utilized to identify regions with high risk of TE pollution. Finally, the positive matrix factorization model was used to apportion the sources of the different TEs. Our results indicated that the mean content of different TEs kept the order: Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > As > Hg ≈ Cd. Soil pollution was mainly caused by Cd and Hg in the soil of Yuyao City, while the content of other TEs was maintained at a safe level. Regions with high TE content and high pollution risk of TEs are mainly located in the central part of Yuyao City. Four sources of soil TEs were apportioned in Yuyao City. The Pb, Hg, and Zn contents in soil were mainly derived from traffic activities, coal combustion, and smelting. Meanwhile, Cu was mainly sourced from industrial emissions and atmospheric deposition, Cr and Ni mainly originated from soil parental materials, and Cd and As were produced by industrial and agricultural activities. Our study provides important implications for improving the soil environment and contributes to the development of efficient strategies for TE pollution control and remediation.
Collapse
|
68
|
Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Soils from Handan City. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil-heavy metals are potentially harmful to the ecosystem and human health. Quantifying heavy metals sources is conducive to pollution control. In this study, 64 surface-soil samples were collected in Handan city. Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were determined; then, their spatial distribution in the sampling area was drawn by ArcGIS. The pollution index (PI) method, geo-accumulation index (Igeo) method, Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) and pollution load index (PLI) were used to evaluate the pollution level of heavy metals in surface soil; then, an ecological and health risk assessment of soil-heavy metals was carried out. Combined with the spatial distribution, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, PCA and PMF model, the pollution sources of heavy metals in soil were identified and apportioned. The results showed that the average content of Cd was nearly ten times that of the background limit, which was the most serious among the studied metals. In terms of non-carcinogenic risk, Cr had the highest value, followed by Pb. In terms of carcinogenic risk, Cd, Cr, and Ni had an acceptable or tolerable risk. Three pollution sources were identified by cluster analysis and PCA, including traffic sources with Cu, Pb and Cd as main loads, industrial sources with Mn, Cd and Zn as main loads, and natural sources with Cr and Ni as main loads. The PMF model analyzed three main factors: traffic source (17.61%), natural source (28.62%) and industrial source (53.77%). The source categories and the main load elements obtained from the source apportionment results were consistent with the source identification results.
Collapse
|
69
|
Wang H, Li W, Zhu C, Tang X. Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Land of Different Quality Grades in Yangtze River Delta of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189876. [PMID: 34574799 PMCID: PMC8468218 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land is closely related to the quality of the cultivated land. In this study, 533 soil samples were collected from cultivated land in the Yangtze River delta region in China for Cd, Pb, and Hg analyses. Spatial statistical analysis was used to study the heavy metal pollution in the cultivated land, and the driving forces of heavy metal distribution in different cultivated land quality subdivisions were analyzed with GeogDetector. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Among the three heavy metals in the study area, the coefficient of variation of Cd is the largest, and that of Pb is the smallest. The proportion of Cd and Hg exceeding the standard value (the standard of level two in GB 15618—2018) is relatively large, both of which are 5%; (2) From the perspective of the spatial distribution of soil heavy metal pollution, only four counties (CX, HN, WY, and LH) were free of heavy metal pollution. Soil heavy metal pollution in AJ, SY, QJ, and DS counties is relatively serious, and the pollution may come from agricultural activities, manufacturing, and prevalent coastal shipping industries in these counties; (3) The heavy metal pollution levels of cultivated land with different quality levels are different. The high-quality cultivated land has no high contamination, while the medium and the general cultivated land both have high contamination. High contamination is related to Cd for medium and general cultivated lands, and to Hg in only general cultivated land; (4) The main driving factors of heavy metal concentration in cultivated soil were GDP, followed by soil organic matter, and pH. These results indicate that the spatial distribution of heavy metal concentration in cultivated soil was affected by the level of economic development, followed by the ecological environment, indicating that human activities had a critical impact on the ecological environment of cultivated land.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics Dongfang College, Haining 314408, China; (H.W.); (X.T.)
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211110, China
| | - Wuyan Li
- Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Congmou Zhu
- Institute of Agriculture Remote Sensing and Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xiaobo Tang
- Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics Dongfang College, Haining 314408, China; (H.W.); (X.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Qu M, Guang X, Zhao Y, Huang B. Spatially apportioning the source-oriented ecological risks of soil heavy metals using robust spatial receptor model with land-use data and robust residual kriging. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117261. [PMID: 33945943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous ecological risk assessments were mainly concentration-oriented rather than source-oriented. Moreover, land use is usually related to source emissions but was rarely used to improve the source apportionment accuracy. In this study, the land-use effects of heavy metals (HMs) in surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) soils were first explored using ANOVA in a suburb of Changzhou City, China; next, based on robust absolute principal component scores-robust geographically weighted regression (RAPCS/RGWR), this study proposed RAPCS/RGWR with land-use type (RAPCS/RGWR-LUT) and compared its source apportionment accuracy with those of basic RAPCS/RGWR and commonly-used absolute principal component scores/multiple linear regression (APCS/MLR); then, the source-oriented ecological risks were apportioned based on RAPCS/RGWR-LUT and Hakanson potential ecological risk index method; finally, this study proposed robust residual kriging with land-use type (RRK) for spatially predicting the source-oriented ecological risks, and compared its spatial prediction accuracy with those of robust ordinary kriging (ROK) and traditionally-used ordinary kriging (OK). Results showed that: (i) by incorporating land-use effects, RAPCS/RGWR-LUT obtained higher source apportionment accuracy than RAPCS/RGWR and APCS/MLR; (ii) the two most important external input sources of the ecological risks were 'atmospheric deposition' (PERIsurface = 47.11 and PERIsubsurface = 35.27) and 'agronomic measure' (PERIsurface = 28.93 and PERIsubsurface = 20.37); (iii) the biggest ecological risk factor was soil Cd (ERsurface = 57.14 and ERsubsurface = 47.62), which was mainly contributed by 'atmospheric deposition' (ERsurface=33.14 and ERsubsurface=25.71); (iv) RRK obtained higher spatial prediction accuracy than ROK and OK; (v) the high-risk areas derived from 'atmospheric deposition' were mainly located in the southwest of the study area, and the high-risk areas derived from 'agronomic measure' were scattered in the agricultural land in the north and south of the study area. The above information provided effective spatial decision support for reducing the source-oriented input of the ecological risks of soil HMs in a large-scale area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Qu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xu Guang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yongcun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Guo G, Wang Y, Zhang D, Lei M. Source-specific ecological and health risks of potentially toxic elements in agricultural soils in Southern Yunnan Province and associated uncertainty analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126144. [PMID: 34229399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Source-specific risk apportionment is critical to prevent and control soil potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution. This study explored source-specific ecological and human health risks of soil PTEs in Southern Yunnan Province. Geochemical baseline values were determined to assess the pollution level of PTEs; then source-specific risk was apportioned combining positive matrix factorization (PMF) with ecological and human health risk assessment. Obvious accumulation of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn was observed in this area, especially Cd in 21.33% of the samples exhibited significant enrichment. Four sources were quantified based on PMF assisted with GIS-mapping: natural sources (41.49%), traffic emissions (24.70%), industrial activities (17.48%), and agricultural activities (16.33%). Industrial activities were the largest source (64.55%) to ecological risk. Agricultural activities were regarded as the major contributor to non-carcinogenic (adults: 75.93%, children: 62.33%) and carcinogenic risks (adults: 55.97%, children: 56.36%). Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for children were higher than adults, and their health risks showed similar trend. Thus, agricultural activities should be regarded as a priority to reduce health risk, whereas industrial activities should be given priority to control ecological risk. Although source-specific risk was quantified, combination with bioavailability and interactions of PTEs are necessary to obtain more accurate results in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China, 100101; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China, 100101; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Degang Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China, 100101; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China, 100101; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Tseng YH, Pan SY, Syu WJ, Huang HP, Wei CY, He KH. Systematic approach to source-sink apportionment of copper in paddy fields: Experimental observation, dynamic modeling and prevention strategy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126045. [PMID: 33992023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metals in paddy rice severely impacts the health of consumers and plants. In this study, a systematic approach to source-sink apportionment of copper in paddy fields was developed by considering all bioenvironmental interfaces. Experimental data from two experimental fields (namely Field A and Field B) in the first harvest period was collected. Then, mass-balance-based models with dynamic critical loads were established to evaluate the year of excess for copper. The results indicated that irrigation water contributed the highest portion (96.2-98.8%) of total copper inputs. Under the business-as-usual scenario, the soil copper concentration of Field A and Field B might exceed the Taiwanese national standard within 66 and 24 years, respectively. In addition, alternate wet-dry irrigation was found to be one of the total solutions to reducing copper accumulation in soils by 17-48%. It could also provide a significant reduction of water usage in paddy fields by ~25%, thereby increasing the resilience to extreme climate change events. Lastly, based on the field observations, three improvement strategies on sustaining soil quality towards better agricultural environment were proposed. The connection of copper accumulation in soils with dietary and ecological risks was also briefly illustrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ho Tseng
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Jhan Syu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Pin Huang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Yu Wei
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kung-Hui He
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Dissipation Dynamics of Doxycycline and Gatifloxacin and Accumulation of Heavy Metals during Broiler Manure Aerobic Composting. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175225. [PMID: 34500659 PMCID: PMC8434052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, broilers were fed with heavy-metal-containing diets (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, As, Hg) at three rates (T1: 5 kg premix/ton feed, T2: 10 kg premix/ton feed and T3: 15 kg premix/ton feed) and Doxycycline (DOX) and Gatifloxacin (GAT) at low or high doses (T4: 31.2 mg DOX/bird/day and 78 mg GAT/bird/day, T5: 15.6 mg DOX/bird/day and 48 mg GAT/bird/day) to assess the accumulation of various heavy metals and the fate of two antibiotics in broiler manure after 35 days of aerobic composting. The results indicated that the two antibiotics changed quite differently during aerobic composting. About 14.96–15.84% of Doxycycline still remained at the end of composting, while Gatifloxacin was almost completely removed within 10 days of composting. The half-lives of Doxycycline were 13.75 and 15.86 days, while the half-lives of Gatifloxacin were only 1.32 and 1.38 days. Based on the Redundancy analysis (RDA), the concentration of antibiotics was significantly influenced by physico-chemical properties (mainly temperature and pH) throughout the composting process. Throughout the composting process, all heavy metal elements remained concentrated in organic fertilizer. In this study the Cr content reached 160.16 mg/kg, 223.98 mg/kg and 248.02 mg/kg with increasing premix feed rates, similar to Zn, which reached 258.2 mg/kg, 312.21 mg/kg and 333.68 mg/kg. Zn and Cr concentrations well exceeded the United States and the European soil requirements. This experiment showed that antibiotic residues and the accumulation of heavy metals may lead to soil contamination and pose a risk to the soil ecosystem.
Collapse
|
74
|
Hou S, Dong H, Du X, Feng L. Early warning on risk development in compound lead and cadmium contaminated sites. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126174. [PMID: 34492949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on the transformation among metal fractions defined by the Tessier sequential extraction procedure and integrated risk information assessed by delayed geochemical hazard (DGH) methodology, including development paths and their burst probabilities, trigger conditions, and the contribution of each metal to risk development, an approach was proposed to provide an early warning on risk development in metal compound-contaminated sites and tested in a lead and cadmium-contaminated site. Risk assessment indicated that the site was at a high to extremely high ecological risk. DGH analysis revealed that the transformation from the fraction bound to carbonate and organic matter to the exchangeable fraction was dominant in the development of either single or combined lead and cadmium risk, which was triggered by soil acidification and the continuous decline of soil organic matter; risk development might have occurred in 6.52-80.4% of the case site with burst probabilities of 6.52-80.4%, 8.70-39.1% and 8.70-80.4% for lead risk, cadmium risk and combined lead-cadmium risk, respectively; with the dominant role of lead, the two metals overall accelerated the development of their compound risk by changing each other's DGH paths. The proposed DGH-based approach is promising for early warning on risk development in compound contaminated sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hou
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Haochen Dong
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6158540, Japan
| | - Xiaokun Du
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Liu Feng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Orellana Mendoza E, Cuadrado W, Yallico L, Zárate R, Quispe-Melgar HR, Limaymanta CH, Sarapura V, Bao-Cóndor D. Heavy metals in soils and edible tissues of Lepidium meyenii (maca) and health risk assessment in areas influenced by mining activity in the Central region of Peru. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1461-1470. [PMID: 34401355 PMCID: PMC8353470 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of soil and agricultural products is an environmental problem, has an adverse effect on the quality of food crops, and is a danger to food security and public health. The concentration of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in surface soils and edible hypocotyls tissues of two ecotypes of Lepidium meyenii Walpers (maca) was evaluated in three districts of the Junín province, Peru. In addition, the risk to human health due to exposure to heavy metals from maca consumption was evaluated. Soil samples and maca hypocotyls were collected in areas influenced by mining and metallurgical activity. The mean concentration of Cd (0.32 ± 0.23 mg/kg) and Pb (0.20 ± 0.12 mg/kg) in maca samples exceeded the values established by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization. The bioconcentration factor was less than 1. The estimated daily intake of each metal was below the oral reference dose. The hazard quotient and hazard index were less than 1, it is unlikely to cause non-cancer adverse health outcome. The cancer risk for As and Cd was higher than the tolerable limit (1 × 10-6) in children and adults. In the district of Ondores, the cancer risk for As in children was higher than the acceptable limit (1 × 10-4). Residents of the Ondores district would be more exposed to As and Cd from consumption of maca hypocotyls. It is very important to carry out continuous monitoring of other toxic metals in different ecotypes of maca (red, black, yellow, purple, creamy white, pink) in order to evaluate the variation in the accumulation of heavy metals and the level of toxicity of each metal between ecotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edith Orellana Mendoza
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla 3909–4089, Huancayo, Huancayo 12006, Peru
| | - Walter Cuadrado
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla 3909–4089, Huancayo, Huancayo 12006, Peru
| | - Luz Yallico
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla 3909–4089, Huancayo, Huancayo 12006, Peru
| | - Rosa Zárate
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla 3909–4089, Huancayo, Huancayo 12006, Peru
| | | | - Cesar H. Limaymanta
- Department of Library and Information Science, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Universitaria with Av. Venezuela, Lima, Lima District 15081, Peru
- Department of Science, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Vicky Sarapura
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla 3909–4089, Huancayo, Huancayo 12006, Peru
| | - Diana Bao-Cóndor
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla 3909–4089, Huancayo, Huancayo 12006, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Miao F, Zhang Y, Lu S, Li S, Duan Y, Lai Y, Fang Q, Li Z, Lin Q, Liang X, Yao K. Exploring human health risk assessment based on the screening of primary targeted metal and chemical balance simulation of ionic speciation in an industrial area, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130353. [PMID: 33794436 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive human health risk assessment methodology based on major hazard element screening and morphological evolution simulation is proposed. The primary targeted metal (PTM) screened by classical health risk assessment was introduced into chemical balance simulation to obtain speciation distribution and corresponding risk. According to the results of risk assessment of morphological evolution of primary targeted metal (PTM), a potential methodology for the remediation is proposed, which could reduce the risk level efficiently and quickly by changing the pH of soil environment with additional acid and alkali substances. A case study was performed in a dye factory in Suzhou city, Jiangsu Province, China. The results of classical health risk assessment showed that the regional health risk index for children exceeded tolerance value of 1, in which Cr accounted for high risk level of 61%. Chemical balance simulation results showed that CrO42- and CaCrO4 had the highest risk index, and the change of pH value would affect the proportion of CrO42- and CaCrO4 in Cr6+ ionic speciation, which may indirectly change the risk level. It is recommended to adjust the pH of the soil environment to quickly reduce regional human health risk. This study will provide a theoretical basis for public health protection and site restoration management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Miao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yimei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Functional Material, Suzhou Research Academy of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China.
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Functional Material, Suzhou Research Academy of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China.
| | - Yaxiao Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yuxian Lai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Qinglu Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zhiying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Qianguo Lin
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Functional Material, Suzhou Research Academy of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China; Business School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH89JU, UK.
| | - Xi Liang
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Functional Material, Suzhou Research Academy of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China; Business School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH89JU, UK.
| | - Kaiwen Yao
- College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Xu D, Zhou Z, Zhan C, Liu S, Zhang J, Liu H, Liu Z, Liu X. Pollution Characteristics and Associated Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils From a Typical County of Hubei Province, Central China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:327-335. [PMID: 34309685 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge from the negative impacts of the counties' anthropogenic activities on soil pollution was of great significance in China, and valuable information was urgently needed for the control and remediation of soil pollution. The current pollution levels of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Cr) in farmland soils were investigated in Yangxin County, Hubei Province, central China. The comprehensive results of quantitative comparison and evaluation in this study showed that Cu (144.9 ± 298.6 mg kg-1), Cd (2.9 ± 1.6 mg kg-1), and Ni (137.0 ± 111.0 mg kg-1) posed higher pollution risks to public and ecosystem health, which were higher than the corresponding soil background values. The combined results of geostatistics, spatial and statistical analysis indicated that studied heavy metals were mainly attributed to agricultural, traffic and industrial induced pollution. Overall, urgent attention should be paid to the risk reduction and management of soil Cu, Cd, and Ni pollution in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhishuang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Changlin Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Jiaquang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Ziguo Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China.
| | - Xianli Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Chen Z, Huang B, Hu W, Wang W, Muhammad I, Lu Q, Jing G, Zhang Z. Ecological-health risks assessment and source identification of heavy metals in typical greenhouse vegetable production systems in Northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42583-42595. [PMID: 33813692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high cropping index and substantial agricultural inputs in greenhouse vegetable production systems (GVP), the environmental problems caused by heavy metals in GVP are becoming increasingly serious. A systematic investigation of heavy metals accumulation was carried out in GVP located in Jingyang, Shaanxi, China. The accumulation of Cd and Hg was assessed to be more significant than that of other elements in these GVP soils. The pollution load index (PLI) confirmed that 98.9% of the soil samples showed a moderate level of pollution. Additionally, the potential ecological risk index (RI) values indicated that 63.7 and 14.3% of the area was at moderate and high ecological risk, respectively. In assessing the human health risks associated with vegetable consumption, the highest target hazard quotient (THQ) was that for As, followed by Cu > Cd > Zn > Pb > Hg > Cr. Although the hazard index (HI) values were below 1 except for three sample sites in the study area, the 95% quantile of forecasted HI values was 1.22. More attention should be devoted to heavy metal pollution in GVP products. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify the sources of the heavy metals. Cu and Zn accumulation were the results of fertilizer overuse; the parent material was the primary source of the As, Pb, and Cr; and the sources of Cd and Hg were inorganic fertilization and industrial emissions, respectively. Effective measures should be implemented to reduce future ecological and health risks in GVP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Chen
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyou Hu
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixi Wang
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Imran Muhammad
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Qiangqiang Lu
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanghua Jing
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Geochemistry of Dissolved Heavy Metals in Upper Reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River Watershed during the Flood Season. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13152078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved heavy metals (HMs), derived from natural and anthropogenic sources, are an important part of aquatic environment research and gain more international concern due to their acute toxicity. In this study, the geochemistry of dissolved HMs was analyzed in the upper Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) of the Yangtze River (YZR) watershed to explore their distribution, status, and sources and further evaluate the water quality and HM-related risks. In total, 57 water samples were collected from the main channel and tributaries of the upper TGR. The concentrations of eight HMs, namely V, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, and Pb, were measured by ICP-MS. The mean concentrations (in μg/L) of eight HMs decreased in the order: As (1.46), V (1.44), Ni (1.40), Mo (0.94), Cu (0.86), Zn (0.63), Pb (0.03), and Cd (0.01). The concentrations of most HMs were 1.4~8.1 times higher than that in the source area of the YZR, indicating a potential anthropogenic intervention in the upper TGR. Spatially, the concentrations of V, Cu, As, and Pb along the main channel gradually decreased, while the others were relatively stable (except for Cd). The different degrees of variations in HM concentrations were also found in tributaries. According to the correlation analysis and principal component (PC) analysis, three PCs were identified and explained 75.1% of the total variances. combined with the concentrations of each metal, PC1 with high loadings of V, Ni, As, and Mo was considered as the main contribution of human inputs, PC2 (Cu and Pb) was primarily attributed to the contribution of mixed sources of human emissions and natural processes, and Zn and Cd in PC3 were controlled by natural sources. Water quality assessment suggested the good water quality (meeting the requirements for drinking purposes) with WQI values of 14.1 ± 3.4 and 11.6 ± 3.6 in the main channel and tributaries, respectively. Exposure risk assessment denoted that the health effects of selected HMs on the human body were limited (hazard index, HI < 1), but the potential risks of V and As with HI > 0.1 were non-negligible, especially for children. These findings provide scientific support for the environmental management of the upper TGR region and the metal cycle in aquatic systems.
Collapse
|
80
|
Liu H, Wang Y, Dong J, Cao L, Yu L, Xin J. Distribution Characteristics, Pollution Assessment, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Soils Around a Landfill-Farmland Multisource Hybrid District. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:77-90. [PMID: 34057581 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-metal pollution is a negative impact of municipal solid-waste landfills. The multiple pollution transport pathways (including leachate, runoff, and waste gas) and complex and co-existing potential pollution sources (such as agricultural activities) around landfills require a combination of different pollution assessment methods and source identification tools to address pollution distribution and potential risks. In this study, the distributions of eight heavy metals (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg)) around a landfill were analyzed using 60 topsoil samples. Ecological risk assessments indicated that there are currently no ecological risks. Based on health risk assessments, however, high concentrations of Cr and As in the soil pose a noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk to humans in the study area, respectively. In addition, the geoaccumulation indices for Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, As, and Hg confirmed anthropogenic sources of accumulation of these metals in soils. Additionally, the potential ecological risk index indicated that Hg posed a considerable risk to the ecology of the area around the landfill. Sources of heavy metals in the study area were attributed to natural sources (22.10%), agricultural activities (27.65%), landfill (31.35%), and transportation (18.89%). The continuous accumulation of heavy metals and health risk for humans suggests the need to continuously monitor of heavy metal content and migration around the landfill. This study provides a reference for local authorities in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Liu
- Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute (Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau); Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources; Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qingdao Geology and Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute (Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau); Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources; Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qingdao Geology and Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lixue Cao
- Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute (Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau); Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources; Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qingdao Geology and Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute (Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau); Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources; Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qingdao Geology and Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jia Xin
- Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute (Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau); Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources; Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qingdao Geology and Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, China.
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Chai L, Wang Y, Wang X, Ma L, Cheng Z, Su L, Liu M. Quantitative source apportionment of heavy metals in cultivated soil and associated model uncertainty. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112150. [PMID: 33756290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To estimate spatial distribution, source analysis and uncertainty of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni) based on geographic information system (GIS), positive matrix factorization model (PMF) and bootstrap (BS) using 382 soil samples collected from cultivated soils in Lanzhou. The mean contents of Cd, Hg, Cu, Zn and Ni were high as 1.7,1.7, 2.1, 1.5 and 1.3 times local background values, mean contents of Pb, Cr and As were lower than local background values. However, the mean contents of eight heavy metals were lower environmental quality risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural soil. Proportions of four sources were identified: Cr was predominantly contributed by natural sources (29.14%), Cu, Zn and Ni was primarily from industrial sources (25.26%), Hg and As were mainly of agricultural sources (27.49%), Pb and Cd mainly came from traffic source and smelting-related activities (18.09%). Uncertainties analysis contained three aspects: bootstrap runs, factor contributions in the PMF solution, and coefficient of variation (CV) values. By combining the four pollution source factors with bootstrap runs, the accuracy of the four pollution source factors were reliable based on PMF model. The median values in the BS runs was considered the most true factor contribution, and the 5th-95th quartile interval represents the variability of each factor, Factor 4 (traffic source) R2 was 0.70 and lower variability. The highest CV value usually means a significantly deviation degree. In this study, the CV values of Cr in Factor 1, Cu, Zn, and Ni in Factor 2, Hg, and As in Factor 3, Pb, and Cd in Factor 4 were lower, indicates a lower deviation degree. and with the lowest content among heavy metals usually was also with the greatest uncertainties. In this study improves understanding of the reduction of heavy metal pollution in cultivated soil, and also serves as reference for pollution source apportionment in other regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chai
- Collage of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Collage of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Lanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Lanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Lanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhenxiang Cheng
- Lanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Limin Su
- Lanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Minxia Liu
- Collage of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Predicting Bioaccumulation of Potentially Toxic Element in Soil–Rice Systems Using Multi-Source Data and Machine Learning Methods: A Case Study of an Industrial City in Southeast China. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution in farmland soils and crops is a serious cause of concern in China. To analyze the bioaccumulation characteristics of chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) in soil-rice systems, 911 pairs of top soil (0–0.2 m) and rice samples were collected from an industrial city in Southeast China. Multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), and Cubist were employed to construct models to predict the bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) of PTEs in soil–rice systems and determine the potential dominators for PTE transfer from soil to rice grains. Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni contents in soil of the survey region were higher than corresponding background contents in China. The mean Ni content of rice grains exceeded the national permissible limit, whereas the concentrations of Cr, Cu, and Zn were lower than their thresholds. The BAC of PTEs kept the sequence of Zn (0.219) > Cu (0.093) > Ni (0.032) > Cr (0.018). Of the four algorithms employed to estimate the bioaccumulation of Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni in soil–rice systems, RF exhibited the best performance, with coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.58 to 0.79 and root mean square error (RMSE) ranging from 0.03 to 0.04 mg kg−1. Total PTE concentration in soil, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and annual average precipitation were identified as top 3 dominators influencing PTE transfer from soil to rice grains. This study confirmed the feasibility and advantages of machine learning methods especially RF for estimating PTE accumulation in soil–rice systems, when compared with traditional statistical methods, such as MLR. Our study provides new tools for analyzing the transfer of PTEs from soil to rice, and can help decision-makers in developing more efficient policies for regulating PTE pollution in soil and crops, and reducing the corresponding health risks.
Collapse
|
83
|
Functional Food Product Based on Nanoselenium-Enriched Lactobacillus casei against Cadmium Kidney Toxicity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the ability of a functional food based on probiotics and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) to annihilate the toxic effect of cadmium on the kidneys. SeNPs were obtained by eco-friendly method used Lactobacillus casei. The morphological features and size of SeNPS were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Two kind of SeNPs were used, purified and Lacto-SeNPs (LSeNPs), administered by gavage at three concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/Kg b.w.) for 30 days in a mouse model of cadmium renal toxicity. The blood marker of renal injury (creatinine) significantly decreased in groups where the mice were treated with both form of SeNPs. The antioxidant capacity of plasma was evaluated by Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay and revealed that SeNPs in co-treatment with Cd, promotes maintaining antioxidant activity at the control level. Histopathological analysis of kidneys demonstrated morphological alteration in the group that received only cadmium and restored after administration of SeNPs or LSeNPs. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed anti-apoptotic effects through reduction of pro-apoptotic bax and increasing of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expressions. Moreover, co-administration of Cd with SeNPs significantly decreased gene expression of kidneys inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-ĸB) in a dose dependent manner, with the best results for LSeNPs at highest dose (0.4 mg/kg). Therefore, the L. casei strain is a potential SeNPs-enriched probiotic for application as functional food in the future to annihilate cadmium-induced kidneys toxicity.
Collapse
|
84
|
Wang Y, Guo G, Zhang D, Lei M. An integrated method for source apportionment of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soils and model uncertainty analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116666. [PMID: 33592437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of heavy metals in agricultural soils threatening ecological security and the quality of agricultural products, and apportion their sources accurately is still a challenging task. Multivariate statistical analysis, GIS mapping, Pb isotopic ratio analysis (IRA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were integrated to apportion the potential sources of heavy metal(loid)s of orchard soil in Karst-regions. Study region soils were moderately contaminated by Cd. Obvious enrichment and moderate contamination level of Cd were found in study region surface soils, followed by As, Zn, and Pb. Correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated Ba, Co, Cr, Ni, V were mainly from natural sources, while As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn were derived from two kinds of anthropogenic sources. Based on Pb isotope composition, atmospheric deposition and livestock manure were the main sources of soil Pb accumulation. Further source identification and quantification results with PMF model and GIS mapping revealed that soil parent materials (46.44%) accounted for largest contribution to the soil heavy metal(loid)s, followed by fertilizer application (31.37%) and mixed source (industrial activity and manure, 22.19%). Uncertainty analysis indicated that the three-factors solution of PMF model was an optimal explanation and the heavy metal(loid) with lower percentage contributions had higher uncertainty. This study results can help to illustrate the sources of heavy metals more accurately in orchard agricultural soils with a clear expected future for further applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanghui Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Degang Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Lü Q, Xiao Q, Wang Y, Wen H, Han B, Zheng X, Lin R. Risk assessment and hotspots identification of heavy metals in rice: A case study in Longyan of Fujian province, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128626. [PMID: 33139051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential threats of heavy metals in rice have attracted increasing attention worldwide. In this study, we assessed the pollution status and health risk of rice collected from Longyan in Fujian, China. Meanwhile, we explored the spatial pattern and hotspots of those metals. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn in rice were 0.064, 0.002, 0.464, 0.072, 0.138, 0.106, 10.819, and 23.788 mg kg-1, respectively. Among them, As and Cu remarkably accumulated with the exceeding ratio of 50.30% and 55.12%, respectively. Furthermore, the values of the target hazard quotient in rice ranked as As > Cu > Zn > Cd > Pd > Ni > Hg > Cr, which As and Cu was greater than 1.0. And the carcinogenic risk values were in the order of As > Cd > Ni > Cr, which all exceeded the tolerance level (1 × 10-4). Risk assessment indicated that both children and adults were posed the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk from rice intake, and As had the largest contribution rate for them. Comparison found that the spatial patterns of heavy metals distribution were consistent with the hotspots. The hotspots for As and Zn located in the western part (Changting and Wuping), Cd and Cu in the eastern part (Xinluo and Yongding), Cr and Ni were simultaneously found in the northeast (Zhangping), while Hg and Pb were mainly located in the central region (Shanghang). Overall, combining the pollution status, risk assessment, and hotspot distribution in rice, the western region (Changting and Wuping) were identified as priority areas for remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Lü
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qingtie Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology of Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huanhuan Wen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bolun Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology of Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ruiyu Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology of Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Keshavarzi A, Kumar V, Ertunç G, Brevik EC. Ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals contamination: an appraisal based on the Tellus soil survey. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:2121-2142. [PMID: 33392900 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is imperative to comprehend the level and spatial distribution of soil pollution with heavy metals to find sustainable management approaches for affected soils. Selected heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, As, Co, and Cd) and physiochemical parameters were appraised for 620 samples from industrial, agricultural and urban sites in Northern Ireland using the Tellus database. The findings of this study showed that among the analyzed heavy metals, Mn content was the highest and Cd content the lowest. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that heavy metals were highly correlated with each other, signifying similar sources for the heavy metals. Mixed factors (anthropogenic and lithogenic) were responsible for the contribution of heavy metals as revealed by multivariate statistical analysis. The results of contamination factor and enrichment factor analyses suggest that As, Cd, and Pb showed very high risk for pollution in the study area. The geoaccumulation index revealed that with the exception of Cd, all analyzed heavy metals showed severe accumulation in the soils. The potential and modified ecological risk indices inferred that Cd, As, and Pb represented ecological threats in the soils of Northern Ireland. The findings of this study will aid in forming approaches to decrease the risks associated with heavy metals in industrial, urban and agricultural soils, and help create guidelines to protect the environment from long-term accumulation of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Keshavarzi
- Laboratory of Remote Sensing and GIS, Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, P.O.Box: 4111, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Mining Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban, Jammu, 182144, India
| | - Güneş Ertunç
- Department of Mining Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eric C Brevik
- Departments of Natural Sciences and Agriculture and Technical Studies, Dickinson State University, 291 Campus Drive, Dickinson, ND, 58061, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Wu H, Xu C, Wang J, Xiang Y, Ren M, Qie H, Zhang Y, Yao R, Li L, Lin A. Health risk assessment based on source identification of heavy metals: A case study of Beiyun River, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112046. [PMID: 33607337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Long-term retention and accumulation of heavy metals in rivers pose a great threat to the stability of ecosystems and human health. In this study, Beiyun River was taken as the example to quantitatively identify pollution sources and assess the pollution source-oriented health risk. A total of 8 heavy metals (Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, Cd, and Cu) in Beiyun River were measured. Ordinary kriging (OK) and inverse distance weight (IDW) methods were used to predict the distribution of heavy metals. The results showed that the OK method is more accurate, and heavy metal pollution in the midstream and downstream is much more serious than that in the upstream. Principal component analysis-multiple linear regressions (PCA-MLR) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) methods were used to quantitatively identify pollution sources. The coefficient of determination (R2) of PMF is closer to 1, and the analyzed pollution source is more refined. Furthermore, the result of source identification was imported into the health risk assessment to calculate the hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of various pollution sources. The results showed that the HI and CR of As and Ni to local residents were serious in the Beiyun River. Industrial activities (23.0%) are considered to be the largest contribution of heavy metals in Beiyun River, followed by traffic source (17%), agricultural source (16%), and atmospheric deposition (16%). The source-oriented risk assessment indicated that the largest contribution of HI and CR is agricultural source in the Beiyun River, followed by industrial activities. This study provides a "target" for the precise control of pollution sources, which is of great significance for improving the fine management of the water environment in the basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Congbin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jinhang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ying Xiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Meng Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hantong Qie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yinjie Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ruihua Yao
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Wang Z, Chen X, Yu D, Zhang L, Wang J, Lv J. Source apportionment and spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in soils: A new exploration on receptor and geostatistical models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143428. [PMID: 33168250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution is considered as the main soil environmental problem in the world. Source apportionment and spatial pattern of soil PTEs are essential for soil management. US-EPA positive matrix factorization (EPAPMF) and sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) are general modeling tools for source apportionment and spatial distribution, respectively. Factor analysis with nonnegative constraints (FA-NNC) and stochastic partial derivative equations (SPDE) provided potential tools for this issue. We compared the performance of FA-NNC with PMF and the performance of SPDE with SGS, based on a dataset containing 9 PTEs in 285 topsoil samples. Three factors were determined by the two receptor models, and the source contributions were similar, suggesting that FA-NNC can validly identify quantitative sources of soil PTEs. The average source contributions were calculated based on the PMF and FA-NNC. Natural sources dominated the contents of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn and affected 56.0%, 38.7%, and 84.8% of the Cd, Hg, and Pb concentrations, respectively. A total of 59.8% of Hg and 12.0% of Pb were associated with atmospheric deposition from coal combustion, industrial and traffic emissions, respectively. Agricultural and industrial activities contributed 37.2% of Cd concentration. SPDE proved to be an effective geostatistical technique to simulate the spatial patterns of soil PTEs with higher prediction accuracy than SGS. Co, Cr, Cu, and Ni had similar spatial patterns with hotspots randomly distributed across the study area. The common hotspots of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn in central parts inherited their high geochemical background in mudstone, while intensive human inputs in these areas also contributed to the accumulation of Cd, Hg, and Pb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Linyi, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Deqin Yu
- Shandong Institute of Geological Survey, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Shandong Geo-Environmental Monitoring Station, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jining Wang
- Shandong Geo-Environmental Monitoring Station, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jianshu Lv
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Haghnazar H, Pourakbar M, Mahdavianpour M, Aghayani E. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of agricultural soil pollution by hazardous elements in a transboundary river basin. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:158. [PMID: 33660076 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the sources of pollution and the potential human and ecological risks of hazardous elements (HEs) in 40 hotspot sites of the agricultural soil around the Arvand River, Iran. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg were measured to be 7.2, 0.8, 14.0, 67.9, 69.5, 63.0, 296, and 0.66 (mg kg-1), respectively. With the exception of Ni, the mean concentrations of all the elements were found to be higher than those in the background. The spatial distribution of HEs in the study area indicated an increasing trend of contamination from the north to the south. Pb, Zn, and Hg were the most enriched elements, resulting in a high pollution load. Moreover, the agricultural soil of the study area was threatened by a very high ecological risk due to the contribution of Hg, Cd, and Pb. Multivariate statistical analyses determined that the pollution sources are specified by the oil refinery emissions and effluents, irrigation with polluted water, fertilizers, dust storms, and airport emissions. The carcinogenic risk of HEs in both adults and children revealed an acceptable level; however, children faced a great chance of non-carcinogenic risk. The results provide a scientific basis for monitoring HEs and managing health risks via effective methods in the agricultural areas of the Arvand River basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Haghnazar
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Pourakbar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mostafa Mahdavianpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Aghayani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Ren Y, Lin M, Liu Q, Zhang Z, Fei X, Xiao R, Lv X. Contamination assessment, health risk evaluation, and source identification of heavy metals in the soil-rice system of typical agricultural regions on the southeast coast of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12870-12880. [PMID: 33095894 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To quantitatively assess heavy metal accumulation and potential ecological and human health risks as well as analyze the sources of metals in a typical soil-rice system located on the southeast coast of China, 120 topsoil samples and corresponding rice grain samples were collected across the study area. The concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg, Zn, Cu, and Ni were analyzed. The results revealed that Hg, Cd, and Cu were the main pollutants in soils. Besides, according to geo-accumulation value of Hg, 18.3% of samples were at or above moderate contamination levels. Additionally, the soil was in moderate ecological risk from combined heavy metal pollution, and 49.7% and 27.0% of this risk could be attributed to Hg and Cd pollution, respectively, due to their high toxic-response factors. For the rice samples, Cd content showed the highest biological accumulation coefficient value (40.8%) in rice grains and was slightly greater than its maximum allowable value (MAV) (0.2 mg/kg) in 7.5% of samples, whereas the other metals were all lower than their corresponding MAVs. Heavy metal exposure (especially As exposure) via rice consumption causes significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to adults, and non-carcinogenic risk to children, while the carcinogenic risk to children was at tolerable level. Greater rice consumption might be responsible for the greater health risk to adults than children. Natural sources (loaded heavily with Cr and Ni) such as lithogenic components and soil parent materials, agricultural activities (loaded heavily with Cd, Cu, and Zn), especially excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers, and industrial activities (loaded heavily with Hg, Pb, and As) including vehicle emissions, coal combustion, and those of the textile and chemical industries were identified as the main sources. Effective regulations should be enforced to guarantee the safety of farm produce and protect ecological and human health in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Ren
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Lin
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Qingdao Urban Planning and Design Research Institute, Qiangdao, China
| | - Qingming Liu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhang
- Institute of Urban Studies, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufeng Fei
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.198 Shiqiao Road, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agriculture Products, Minstry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Rui Xiao
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaonan Lv
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.198 Shiqiao Road, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agriculture Products, Minstry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Zhang C, Lin T, Nie G, Hu R, Pi S, Wei Z, Wang C, Xing C, Hu G. Cadmium and molybdenum co-induce pyroptosis via ROS/PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116403. [PMID: 33433347 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and excess molybdenum (Mo) are harmful to animals, but the combined nephrotoxic mechanism of Cd and Mo in duck remains poorly elucidated. To assess joint effects of Cd and Mo on pyroptosis via ROS/PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis in duck renal tubular epithelial cells, cells were cultured with 3CdSO4·8H2O (4.0 μM), (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O (500.0 μM), MCC950 (10.0 μM), BHA (100.0 μM) and combination of Cd and Mo or Cd, Mo and MCC950 or Cd, Mo and BHA for 12 h, and the joint cytotoxicity was explored. The results manifested that toxicity of non-equitoxic binary mixtures of Mo and Cd exhibited synergic interaction. Mo or/and Cd elevated ROS level, PTEN mRNA and protein levels, and decreased PI3K, AKT and p-AKT expression levels. Simultaneously, Mo or/and Cd upregulated ASC, NLRP3, NEK7, Caspase-1, GSDMA, GSDME, IL-18 and IL-1β mRNA levels and Caspase-1 p20, NLRP3, ASC, GSDMD protein levels, increased the percentage of pyroptotic cells, LDH, NO, IL-18 and IL-1β releases as well as relative conductivity. Moreover, NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and ROS scavenger BHA could ameliorate the above changed factors induced by Mo and Cd co-exposure. Collectively, our results reveal that combination of Mo and Cd synergistically cause oxidative stress and trigger pyroptosis via ROS/PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis in duck tubular epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Tianjin Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Gaohui Nie
- School of Information Technology,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, No. 665 Yuping West Street, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330032, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Shaoxing Pi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zejing Wei
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chang Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Alengebawy A, Abdelkhalek ST, Qureshi SR, Wang MQ. Heavy Metals and Pesticides Toxicity in Agricultural Soil and Plants: Ecological Risks and Human Health Implications. TOXICS 2021; 9:42. [PMID: 33668829 PMCID: PMC7996329 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Environmental problems have always received immense attention from scientists. Toxicants pollution is a critical environmental concern that has posed serious threats to human health and agricultural production. Heavy metals and pesticides are top of the list of environmental toxicants endangering nature. This review focuses on the toxic effect of heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) and pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) adversely influencing the agricultural ecosystem (plant and soil) and human health. Furthermore, heavy metals accumulation and pesticide residues in soils and plants have been discussed in detail. In addition, the characteristics of contaminated soil and plant physiological parameters have been reviewed. Moreover, human diseases caused by exposure to heavy metals and pesticides were also reported. The bioaccumulation, mechanism of action, and transmission pathways of both heavy metals and pesticides are emphasized. In addition, the bioavailability in soil and plant uptake of these contaminants has also been considered. Meanwhile, the synergistic and antagonistic interactions between heavy metals and pesticides and their combined toxic effects have been discussed. Previous relevant studies are included to cover all aspects of this review. The information in this review provides deep insights into the understanding of environmental toxicants and their hazardous effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alengebawy
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Sara Taha Abdelkhalek
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.T.A.); (S.R.Q.)
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Sundas Rana Qureshi
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.T.A.); (S.R.Q.)
| | - Man-Qun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.T.A.); (S.R.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Pollution Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Karstic River Affected by Manganese Mining in Changyang, Western Hubei, Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041870. [PMID: 33671883 PMCID: PMC7918950 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution, pollution level and potential ecological risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from manganese mining in a karstic Danshui River, in Changyang, Western Hubei, Central China. River water and sediments were collected for seven PTEs measurement (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn), as well as pH and Eh of the river water were measured. Results showed that the major pollutant was Mn, the river water environment was mainly acidic and oxidizing (288 < Eh, pH < 6.3), and the pollution distribution of Mn in the study area was dominated by the combination of natural processes and anthropogenic activities. In the river water, according to the contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (IPL) results, Mn was considered the main pollutant. There was low As and Pb pollution downstream as well as Cu pollution upstream. Upstream and downstream areas were the main polluted river sections of the river water samples collected. In river sediments, based on the results of the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (IPER), it was determined that there was only considerable Mn pollution. The IPER of the PTEs from the river sediments was at acceptable levels, only Mn upstream performed at a moderate ecological risk level. According to Pearson correlation and principal component analysis, Mn originated from manganese mining activities, Cd, Cr and Zn were of natural origin, and Cu may have come from both mining and natural origin, whereas Pb and As were mainly related to the daily activities. Consequently, elemental speciation, mining activities and the distribution of water conservancy facilities were the main impacts of PET pollution distribution in this river.
Collapse
|
94
|
Liu W, Yang X, Duan L, Naidu R, Yan K, Liu Y, Wang X, Gao Y, Chen Y. Variability in plant trace element uptake across different crops, soil contamination levels and soil properties in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of northwest China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2064. [PMID: 33483606 PMCID: PMC7822888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated contamination status of eight trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni) in farmland soils and crops at 535 sites across the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. Land use types of the sampling sites included vegetable patch, grain field and orchard. Our experimental results indicated all farmland soils were considered as trace element contamination based on the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (NCPI > 1). However, 91.97% of the crop samples were uncontaminated according to the Chinese Risk Control Standard. Soils from the vegetable patch showed higher pollution level comparison with that from grain field and orchard. Health risks for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were calculated through crop ingestion exposure pathway. Grain samples showed highest health risks, followed by melon and fruit, and vegetables. The health risks of crops were mainly driven by Cr and Cd. Crop consumption may pose risks for children but not adults. The source of trace element contamination in the different farmland soils varied and may be attributed to the different agricultural activities. Plant type had a greater influence on the trace element accumulation in crops compared with soil trace element contents and physicochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liu
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Technology, Ningbo University, NO.1188 North ring Road, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Luchun Duan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle (UON), Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle (UON), Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle (UON), Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle (UON), Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kaihong Yan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle (UON), Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Yanju Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle (UON), Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Xiyuan Wang
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Yongchao Gao
- Ecology Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250306, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Liu J, Liu R, Yang Z, Kuikka S. Quantifying and predicting ecological and human health risks for binary heavy metal pollution accidents at the watershed scale using Bayesian Networks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116125. [PMID: 33250289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The accidental leakage of industrial wastewater containing heavy metals from enterprises poses great risks to resident health, social instability, and ecological safety. During 2005-2018, heavy metal mixed pollution accidents comprised approximately 33% of the major environmental ones in China. A Bayesian Networks-based probabilistic approach is developed to quantitatively predict ecological and human health risks for heavy metal mixed pollution accidents at the watershed scale. To estimate the probability distributions of joint ecological exposure once a heavy metal mixed pollution accident occurs, a Copula-based joint exposure calculation method, comprised of a hydro-dynamic model, emergent heavy metal pollution transport model, and the Copula functions, is embedded. This approach was applied to the risk assessment of acute Cr6+-Hg2+ mixed pollution accidents at 76 electroplating enterprises in 24 risk sub-watersheds of the Dongjiang River downstream watershed. The results indicated that nine sub-watersheds created high ecological risks, while only five created high human health risks. In addition, the ecological and human health risk levels were highest in the tributary (the Xizhijiang River), while the ecological risk was more critical in the river network, and the human health risk was more serious in the mainstream of the Dongjiang River. The quantitative risk assessment provides a substantial support to incident prevention and control, risk management, as well as regulatory decision making for electroplating enterprises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Renzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Sakari Kuikka
- University of Helsinki, Finland, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O Box 65, Viikinkaari 1, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Liu P, Zhang Y, Feng N, Zhu M, Tian J. Potentially toxic element (PTE) levels in maize, soil, and irrigation water and health risks through maize consumption in northern Ningxia, China. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1729. [PMID: 33198713 PMCID: PMC7670719 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrial and agricultural activities result in elevated levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the local environment. PTEs can enter the human body through the food chain and pose severe health risks to inhabitants. In this study, PTE levels in maize, soil, and irrigation water were detected, and health risks through maize consumption were evaluated. METHODS Maize, soil, and irrigation water samples were collected in northern Ningxia, China. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was applied to determine the contents of six PTEs. Bioaccumulation factor was used to reflect the transfer potential of a metal from soil to maize. Health risks associated with maize consumption were assessed by deterministic and probabilistic estimation. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine variables that pose the greatest effect on health risk results. RESULTS The levels of Pb and Cr in maize exceeded the standards, while the PTE levels in soil and irrigation water did not exceed the corresponding standards. The bioaccumulation factor values of the six PTEs in maize were all lower than 1 and followed the order of Cd > Zn = As > Cr > Cu > Pb. The hazard index (0.0986) was far less than 1 for all inhabitants implying no obvious non-carcinogenic risk. The carcinogenic risk value was 3.261 × 10- 5, which was lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1 × 10- 4 suggested by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Females were at greater risk than males, and the age group of below 20 years had the greater risk among all the groups evaluated. Approximately 0.62% of inhabitants exceeded the level for non-carcinogenic risk, while 8.23% exceeded the level for carcinogenic risk. The As concentration and daily intake of maize contributed 35.8, and 29.4% for non-carcinogenic risk results as well as 61.0 and 18.5% for carcinogenic risk results. CONCLUSIONS Maize was contaminated by Pb and Cr, whereas the associated soil and irrigation water were not contaminated by PTEs. Inhabitants would not suffer obvious harmful health risks through maize consumption. Arsenic level and daily intake of maize were the most sensitive factors that impact health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.,School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yahong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ningchuan Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China. .,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Juncang Tian
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Di N, Zhang K, Hladun KR, Rust M, Chen YF, Zhu ZY, Liu TX, Trumble JT. Joint effects of cadmium and copper on Apis mellifera forgers and larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 237:108839. [PMID: 32599020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are important ecological and agricultural resources. They are among the most widely available pollinators and provide products as well as services. Unfortunately, honey bee populations are susceptible to several environmental threats, including heavy metal exposure. Honey bees can be exposed to heavy metals when foraging on contaminated honey and pollen resources, and in some cases by airborne exposure. We studied the joint acute and chronic effects of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) on A. mellifera. A 1:1 solution of the two heavy metals increased larval developmental duration and the mortality of both larvae and foragers in a dose-dependent way, decreased forager feeding, increased body metal burdens, and disrupted the sucrose response behavior of foragers. In combination, Cd and Cu demonstrated a weakly synergistic effect on foragers, but for larvae an initially antagonistic effect at low doses changed to strongly synergistic response at higher concentrations. The sucrose response threshold of foragers decreased significantly when they were dosed with increasing concentrations of the metal mixtures. Overall, the fitness of honey bee larvae and foragers is detrimentally affected when these metals co-occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Di
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100122, PR China
| | - Kristen R Hladun
- US FDA Pacific Regional Laboratory, Southwest, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Michael Rust
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ya-Feng Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - Zheng-Yang Zhu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - John T Trumble
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Liu X, Xiao R, Li R, Amjad A, Zhang Z. Bioremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by earthworms (Eisenia fetida): Enhancement with EDTA and bean dregs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115191. [PMID: 32663730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil has become a global problem due to its toxicity to living organisms. In this study, earthworm (Eisenia fetida) alone or combined with EDTA or bean dregs were used for Cd removal from soils. The total and available Cd in soils, soil physicochemical and biological (soil enzyme) properties, Cd accumulation in the earthworm and its antioxidant responses towards Cd, were determined during the 35 days of soil incubation experiment. Our results showed that earthworms were capable of removing Cd from soils, and the remediation process was accelerated by both EDTA and bean dregs. By translocation of Cd from soils, the content of Cd in earthworm steadily increased with the exposure time to 8.11, 12.80, and 9.26 mg kg-1 on day 35 for T2 (earthworm alone), T3 (EDTA enhancement), and T4 (bean dregs enhancement), respectively. Consequently, a great reduction in the Cd contents in soils was achieved in T3 (36.53%) and T4 (30.8%) compared with T2 (28.95%). The concentrations of water/DTPA extractable Cd were also reduced, indicating the low Cd mobility after amendment. Finally, the soil became more fertile and active after wermi-remediation. The soil pH, EC, NO3--N, available P, and K contents increased, while soil SOM, DOC, and NH4+-N contents were decreased. There were higher soil enzyme activities (including acid phosphatase activity, β-glucosidase activity, and urease activity) among treatments with earthworms. Additionally, the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) increased by 100-150 units, and the higher chao1 and Shannon indexes indicated the enhanced microbial community after wermi-remediation, especially among treatment with EDTA and bean dregs. Therefore, we concluded that earthworms, alone or combined with EDTA and bean dregs, are feasible for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Ali Amjad
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Yu X, Zhou T, Zhao J, Dong C, Wu L, Luo Y, Christie P. Remediation of a metal-contaminated soil by chemical washing and repeated phytoextraction: a field experiment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 23:577-584. [PMID: 33126813 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1840509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soil contaminated with potentially toxic metals poses great health risk to humans and it requires long-term remediation. Here, we investigate the remediation of metal-polluted agricultural soil by combining chemical washing with repeated phytoextraction. The polluted field was initially washed with 40 mmol L-1 FeCl3 (F) or 20 mmol L-1 FeCl3 + 40 mmol L-1 citric acid (F + C). After the application of organic fertilizer (O), lime (L), and sepiolite (S), Sedum plumbizincicola was cultivated for three successive crops from 2017 to 2019. Results showed that the soil washed with FeCl3 had high removal efficiencies of Cd (35.2%), Pb (24.3%), and Zn (26.6%). Although the shoot biomass and metal concentrations of S. plumbizincicola decreased significantly in the first crop, there were no significant differences in the subsequent two crops. Throughout the remediation process, the higher total removal efficiencies of Cd, Pb, and Zn were conducted in F + OLS treatment which observed in 71.0, 34.0, and 47.7%, respectively. The results, therefore, conclusively indicated that combining chemical washing with repeated phytoextraction showed considerable potential for the remediation of agricultural soils polluted with multiple metals. However, further studies are required to focus on the amelioration of the degraded soil quality and safe agricultural production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian'an Yu
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Jiangsu Firefly Environmental Science and Technology Company, Nanjing, China
| | - Changxun Dong
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Peter Christie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Hu B, Zhou Y, Jiang Y, Ji W, Fu Z, Shao S, Li S, Huang M, Zhou L, Shi Z. Spatio-temporal variation and source changes of potentially toxic elements in soil on a typical plain of the Yangtze River Delta, China (2002-2012). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:110943. [PMID: 32778266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal variation and temporal changes in the sources of Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As in soil on the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou (H-J-H) Plain were analysed based on 4,359 soil samples collected in 2002 and 2012. Geostatistical and spatial analysis methods were used to explore the spatio-temporal variation in the pollution levels and 'pollution hotspots' for potentially toxic elements (PTEs), and the positive matrix factor model was used to quantitatively appoint and analyse temporal changes in PTE sources. The results indicated that the PTE content in most parts of the survey area were at a safe level in both 2002 and 2012, but a clearly upward trend was detected for Cr, Pb, and Cd. Moreover the pollution index for Cr, Pb, Cd, and the Nemerow composite pollution index increased in the west but decreased in the east of the H-J-H Plain from 2002 to 2012. The pollution index for Hg and As presented the opposite spatial pattern. It is obvious that there have been changes in the spatial pattern of pollution hotspots for PTEs on the H-J-H Plain from 2002 to 2012. Four sources of PTEs in soil were quantitatively appointed. In 2002, 2012, the dominant sources of Cr, Cd, Hg, and As were soil parent materials, industrial activities, atmospheric deposition and agricultural inputs, respectively. The dominant source of Pb in the soil changed from traffic emissions to soil parent materials, indicating the benefit of banning the use of leaded gasoline in China. This study highlights the importance of monitoring soil environmental quality and highlights the significance of spatio-temporal variation in PTEs in suburban zones or transitional areas undergoing rapid industrialization and urbanization, like the H-J-H Plain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bifeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Unité de Recherche en Science du Sol, INRA, Orléans, 45075, France; Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Orléans University, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Yin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Institute of Land Science and Property, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yefeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjun Ji
- College of land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhiyi Fu
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Mingxiang Huang
- Information Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Lianqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|