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Kory N, Grond S, Kamat SS, Li Z, Krahmer N, Chitraju C, Zhou P, Fröhlich F, Semova I, Ejsing C, Zechner R, Cravatt BF, Farese RV, Walther TC. Mice lacking lipid droplet-associated hydrolase, a gene linked to human prostate cancer, have normal cholesterol ester metabolism. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:226-235. [PMID: 27836991 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in the gene LDAH (C2ORF43), which encodes lipid droplet-associated hydrolase (LDAH), are among few loci associated with human prostate cancer. Homologs of LDAH have been identified as proteins of lipid droplets (LDs). LDs are cellular organelles that store neutral lipids, such as triacylglycerols and sterol esters, as precursors for membrane components and as reservoirs of metabolic energy. LDAH is reported to hydrolyze cholesterol esters and to be important in macrophage cholesterol ester metabolism. Here, we confirm that LDAH is localized to LDs in several model systems. We generated a murine model in which Ldah is disrupted but found no evidence for a major function of LDAH in cholesterol ester or triacylglycerol metabolism in vivo, nor a role in energy or glucose metabolism. Our data suggest that LDAH is not a major cholesterol ester hydrolase, and an alternative metabolic function may be responsible for its possible effect on development of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kory
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Susanne Grond
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA.,Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zhihuan Li
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Natalie Krahmer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Chandramohan Chitraju
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ping Zhou
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Florian Fröhlich
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ivana Semova
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Christer Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA.,Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Robert V Farese
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA .,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA .,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA
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52
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Jiang X, Zhang M, Bai XY, Li S, Wu H. Association between 17q25.3-rs6465657 polymorphism and prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 19 studies. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4491-503. [PMID: 27524905 PMCID: PMC4966688 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies have identified rs6465657 polymorphism at chromosome 17q25.3 as a new prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility locus in people of European descent. However, subsequent replication studies have yielded inconsistent results among different ethnicities. In this study, a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the relationship between rs6465657 polymorphism and PCa risk. Methods All the articles involved were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO databases, and Google Scholar before December 2015. The odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence internals (95% CIs) were pooled under the allele model. Fourteen eligible articles with 19 studies were finally included. Results In the overall population, the 17q25.3-rs6465657C allele was found to be significantly associated with increased risk of PCa compared to the T allele (OR =1.097; 95% CI: 1.061–1.134; P<0.001). In the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, significantly increased risk was found in the Caucasian population (OR =1.120; 95% CI: 1.078–1.162; P<0.001), while the difference of OR did not reach the statistical significance in the Asian or African-American population. The analyses of sensitivity indicated the robust stability of the results, and the Begg’s and Egger’s test indicated that no publication bias existed. Conclusion The current meta-analysis suggested that the 17q25.3-rs6465657 polymorphism could be associated with PCa susceptibility, especially in the Caucasians, while this association might be different in other ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijian Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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Shah K, Bradbury NA. Lemur Tyrosine Kinase 2, a novel target in prostate cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14233-46. [PMID: 26008968 PMCID: PMC4546463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression from early forms of prostate cancer to castration-resistant disease is associated with an increase in signal transduction activity. The majority of castration-resistance cancers persist in the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), as well as androgen-dependent genes. The AR is regulated not only by it associated steroid hormone, but also by manifold regulatory and signaling molecules, including several kinases. We undertook evaluation of the role of Lemur Tyrosine Kinase 2 (LMTK2) in modulating AR activity, as several Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have shown a marked association of LMTK2 activity with the development of prostate cancer. We confirm that not only is LMTK2 mRNA reduced in prostate cancer tissue, but also LMTK2 protein levels are markedly diminished. Knockdown of LMTK2 protein in prostate cell lines greatly increased the transcription of androgen-responsive genes. In addition, LMTK2 knockdown led to an increase in prostate cancer stem cell populations in LNCaP cells, indicative of increased tumorogenicity. Using multiple approaches, we also demonstrate that LMTK2 interacts with the AR, thus putting LMTK2 as a component of a signaling complex modulating AR activity. Our finding that LMTK2 is a negative regulator of AR activity defines a novel cellular pathway for activation of AR-responsive genes in castrate resistant-prostate cancer. Moreover, pharmacologic manipulation of LMTK2 activity will provide a novel therapeutic target for more effective treatments for patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpit Shah
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Sciences, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Neil A Bradbury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Sciences, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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54
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Alzghoul S, Hailat M, Zivanovic S, Que L, Shah GV. Measurement of serum prostate cancer markers using a nanopore thin film based optofluidic chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:491-8. [PMID: 26457734 PMCID: PMC4673024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently used cancer marker for prostate adenocarcinoma (PC), serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), greatly overestimates PC population. Patients with high PSA levels have to undergo unnecessary but physically painful and expensive procedure such as prostate biopsies repeatedly. The reliability of PC test can be greatly increased by finding a protein that is secreted selectively by malignant, but not normal, prostate cells. A recently discovered novel protein, referred as neuroendocrine marker (NEM), is secreted only by malignant prostate cells and released in blood circulation. Although NEM seems to be significantly more reliable based on the data obtained from a limited cohort, currently available NEM ELISA is not suitable for undertaking a large study. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to develop an alternative, label-free assay system that can reliably measure NEM and PSA in patient samples. Herein an optofluidic chip that can reliably detect PSA as well as NEM in patient samples has been developed. The optofluidic chip, which consists of arrayed nanopore-based sensors fabricated from anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) thin film, offers improved sensitivity upon the optimization of the concentration of the detector antibodies immobilized on the sensor surface. The results demonstrate that the chip is reliable, extremely sensitive and requires just 1 µl of patient serum (or even less) to measure PSA and NEM even in a non-cancer individual. Compared with the traditional ELISA for PSA, the nanopore-based sensor assay is 50-100 fold more sensitive, and offers many advantages such as elimination of labeled antigen, need for sophisticated equipment and highly trained individuals. These advantages, along with the low cost, should make the technology suitable for point-of-care application to screen elderly male populations for PC and to monitor the progress of patients undergoing PC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Long Que
- Iowa State University, United States.
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55
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Penney KL, Pettersson A, Shui IM, Graff RE, Kraft P, Lis RT, Sesso HD, Loda M, Mucci LA. Association of Prostate Cancer Risk Variants with TMPRSS2:ERG Status: Evidence for Distinct Molecular Subtypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:745-9. [PMID: 26941365 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous genetic variants have been confirmed as prostate cancer risk factors. These variants may confer susceptibility to the development of specific molecular alterations during tumor initiation and progression. The TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion occurs in roughly 50% of prostate cancers. Genetic risk variants may influence the development of this fusion. We sought to determine whether prostate cancer risk variants are differentially associated with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive and negative cancer. METHODS In the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and Physicians' Health Study Tumor Cohort, we evaluated the associations of 39 prostate cancer risk SNPs with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status, measured by ERG protein expression. Logistic regression was performed to generate OR and 95% confidence intervals. The primary outcome was ERG(+) (n = 227) versus ERG(-) (n = 260) prostate cancer. A secondary outcome was ERG(+) or ERG(-) cancer versus controls without cancer. RESULTS Six of 39 SNPs were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with ERG(+) versus ERG(-) disease. Three SNPs were exclusively associated with the risk of ERG(+), one with risk of ERG(-), and two with associations trending in opposite directions for ERG(+) and ERG(-) Only two significant SNPs would be expected by chance. CONCLUSIONS Prostate cancer genetic risk variants are differentially associated with the development of ERG(+) and ERG(-) prostate cancer. IMPACT Our findings suggest the molecular process of prostate carcinogenesis may be distinct for men with different underlying genetic predisposition. When examining risk factors for prostate cancer, the integration of molecular subtypes may enhance understanding of the etiology of this disease. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 745-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene M Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rosina T Lis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lynch HT, Kosoko‐Lasaki O, Leslie SW, Rendell M, Shaw T, Snyder C, D'Amico AV, Buxbaum S, Isaacs WB, Loeb S, Moul JW, Powell I. Screening for familial and hereditary prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2579-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry T. Lynch
- Hereditary Cancer Center and Department of Preventive MedicineCreighton University2500 California PlazaOmaha NE
| | - Omofolasade Kosoko‐Lasaki
- Departments of Surgery, Preventive Medicine & Public HealthCreighton University2500 California PlazaOmaha NE
| | - Stephen W. Leslie
- Department of Surgery (Urology)Creighton University Medical Center601 North 30th Street, Suite 3700Omaha NE
| | - Marc Rendell
- Department of Internal MedicineCreighton University Medical Center601 North 30th Street, Suite 3700Omaha NE
| | - Trudy Shaw
- Hereditary Cancer Center and Department of Preventive MedicineCreighton University2500 California PlazaOmaha NE
| | - Carrie Snyder
- Hereditary Cancer Center and Department of Preventive MedicineCreighton University2500 California PlazaOmaha NE
| | - Anthony V. D'Amico
- Department of Radiation OncologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA
| | - Sarah Buxbaum
- Jackson State University School of Health Sciences350 W. Woodrow Wilson DriveJackson MS
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Departments of Urology and OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Marburg 115, Johns Hopkins Hospital600 N. Wolfe StBaltimore MD
| | - Stacy Loeb
- Department of Urology and Population HealthNew York University550 1st Ave VZ30 (#612)New York NY
| | - Judd W. Moul
- Duke Prostate Center, Division of Urologic Surgery, DUMC 3707‐Room 1562 Duke SouthDuke University Medical CenterDurham NC
| | - Isaac Powell
- Department of UrologyWayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, University Health Center 7‐CDetroit MI
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57
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Jinga V, Csiki IE, Manolescu A, Iordache P, Mates IN, Radavoi D, Rascu S, Badescu D, Badea P, Mates D. Replication study of 34 common SNPs associated with prostate cancer in the Romanian population. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:594-600. [PMID: 26773531 PMCID: PMC5126261 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third‐most common form of cancer in men in Romania. The Romanian unscreened population represents a good sample to study common genetic risk variants. However, a comprehensive analysis has not been conducted yet. Here, we report our replication efforts in a Romanian population of 979 cases and 1027 controls, for potential association of 34 literature‐reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with prostate cancer. We also examined whether any SNP was differentially associated with tumour grade or stage at diagnosis, with disease aggressiveness, and with the levels of PSA (prostate specific antigen). In the allelic analysis, we replicated the previously reported risk for 19 loci on 4q24, 6q25.3, 7p15.2, 8q24.21, 10q11.23, 10q26.13, 11p15.5, 11q13.2, 11q13.3. Statistically significant associations were replicated for other six SNPs only with a particular disease phenotype: low‐grade tumour and low PSA levels (rs1512268), high PSA levels (rs401681 and rs11649743), less aggressive cancers (rs1465618, rs721048, rs17021918). The strongest association of our tested SNP's with PSA in controls was for rs2735839, with 29% increase for each copy of the major allele G, consistent with previous results. Our results suggest that rs4962416, previously associated only with prostate cancer, is also associated with PSA levels, with 12% increase for each copy of the minor allele C. The study enabled the replication of the effect for the majority of previously reported genetic variants in a set of clinically relevant prostate cancers. This is the first replication study on these loci, known to associate with prostate cancer, in a Romanian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Jinga
- "Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele" Clinical Hospital, Urology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Andrei Manolescu
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Paul Iordache
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ioan Nicolae Mates
- "St Mary" Clinical Hospital, General Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Radavoi
- "Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele" Clinical Hospital, Urology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Rascu
- "Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele" Clinical Hospital, Urology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Badescu
- "Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele" Clinical Hospital, Urology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paula Badea
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
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Involvement of Kallikrein-Related Peptidases in Normal and Pathologic Processes. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:946572. [PMID: 26783378 PMCID: PMC4689925 DOI: 10.1155/2015/946572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a subgroup of serine proteases that participate in proteolytic pathways and control protein levels in normal physiology as well as in several pathological conditions. Their complex network of stimulatory and inhibitory interactions may induce inflammatory and immune responses and contribute to the neoplastic phenotype through the regulation of several cellular processes, such as proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. This family of proteases, which includes one of the most useful cancer biomarkers, kallikrein-related peptidase 3 or PSA, also has a protective effect against cancer promoting apoptosis or counteracting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Therefore, they represent attractive therapeutic targets and may have important applications in clinical oncology. Despite being intensively studied, many gaps in our knowledge on several molecular aspects of KLK functions still exist. This review aims to summarize recent data on their involvement in different processes related to health and disease, in particular those directly or indirectly linked to the neoplastic process.
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59
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Shah K, Bradbury NA. Kinase modulation of androgen receptor signaling: implications for prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2. [PMID: 28580371 DOI: 10.14800/ccm.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptors play essential roles in the development and progression of prostate cancer, a disease that claims roughly 28,000 lives annually. In addition to androgen biding, androgen receptor activity can be regulated via several post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination, acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation & SUMO-ylation. Off these modifications, phosphorylation has been the most extensively studied. Modification by phosphorylation can alter androgen receptor localization, protein stability and transcriptional activity, ultimately leading to changes in the biology of cancer cells and cancer progression. Understanding, role of phosphorylated androgen receptor species holds the key to identifying a potential therapeutic drug target for patients with prostate cancer and castrate resistant prostate cancer. Here, we present a brief review of recently discovered protein kinases phosphorylating AR, focusing on the functional role of phosphorylated androgen receptor species in prostate cancer and castrate resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpit Shah
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Sciences, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Neil A Bradbury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Sciences, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
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60
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Sullivan J, Kopp R, Stratton K, Manschreck C, Corines M, Rau-Murthy R, Hayes J, Lincon A, Ashraf A, Thomas T, Schrader K, Gallagher D, Hamilton R, Scher H, Lilja H, Scardino P, Eastham J, Offit K, Vijai J, Klein RJ. An analysis of the association between prostate cancer risk loci, PSA levels, disease aggressiveness and disease-specific mortality. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:166-72. [PMID: 26068399 PMCID: PMC4647539 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple single-nucleotide polymorphsims (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer (PCa). Although these SNPs have been clearly associated with disease risk, their relationship with clinical outcomes is less clear. Our aim was to assess the frequency of known PCa susceptibility alleles within a single institution ascertainment and to correlate risk alleles with disease-specific outcomes. METHODS We genotyped 1354 individuals treated for localised PCa between June 1988 and December 2007. Blood samples were prospectively collected and de-identified before being genotyped and matched to phenotypic data. We investigated associations between 61 SNPs and disease-specific end points using multivariable analysis and also determined if SNPs were associated with PSA at diagnosis. RESULTS Seven SNPs showed associations on multivariable analysis (P<0.05), rs13385191 with both biochemical recurrence (BR) and castrate metastasis (CM), rs339331 (BR), rs1894292, rs17178655 and rs11067228 (CM), and rs11902236 and rs4857841 PCa-specific mortality. After applying a Bonferroni correction for number of SNPs (P<0.0008), the only persistent significant association was between rs17632542 (KLK3) and PSA levels at diagnosis (P=1.4 × 10(-5)). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that rs17632542 in KLK3 is associated with PSA at diagnosis. No significant association was seen between loci and disease-specific end points when accounting for multiple testing. This provides further evidence that known PCa risk SNPs do not predict likelihood of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Kopp
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Stratton
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Manschreck
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Corines
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Rau-Murthy
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Lincon
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - T Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Schrader
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Gallagher
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Scher
- Department of Medicine, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Lilja
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Scardino
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Eastham
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Offit
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R J Klein
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Helfand BT, Roehl KA, Cooper PR, McGuire BB, Fitzgerald LM, Cancel-Tassin G, Cornu JN, Bauer S, Van Blarigan EL, Chen X, Duggan D, Ostrander EA, Gwo-Shu M, Zhang ZF, Chang SC, Jeong S, Fontham ETH, Smith G, Mohler JL, Berndt SI, McDonnell SK, Kittles R, Rybicki BA, Freedman M, Kantoff PW, Pomerantz M, Breyer JP, Smith JR, Rebbeck TR, Mercola D, Isaacs WB, Wiklund F, Cussenot O, Thibodeau SN, Schaid DJ, Cannon-Albright L, Cooney KA, Chanock SJ, Stanford JL, Chan JM, Witte J, Xu J, Bensen JT, Taylor JA, Catalona WJ. Associations of prostate cancer risk variants with disease aggressiveness: results of the NCI-SPORE Genetics Working Group analysis of 18,343 cases. Hum Genet 2015; 134:439-50. [PMID: 25715684 PMCID: PMC4586077 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PC). It remains unclear whether such genetic variants are associated with disease aggressiveness. The NCI-SPORE Genetics Working Group retrospectively collected clinicopathologic information and genotype data for 36 SNPs which at the time had been validated to be associated with PC risk from 25,674 cases with PC. Cases were grouped according to race, Gleason score (Gleason ≤ 6, 7, ≥ 8) and aggressiveness (non-aggressive, intermediate, and aggressive disease). Statistical analyses were used to compare the frequency of the SNPs between different disease cohorts. After adjusting for multiple testing, only PC-risk SNP rs2735839 (G) was significantly and inversely associated with aggressive (OR = 0.77; 95 % CI 0.69-0.87) and high-grade disease (OR = 0.77; 95 % CI 0.68-0.86) in European men. Similar associations with aggressive (OR = 0.72; 95 % CI 0.58-0.89) and high-grade disease (OR = 0.69; 95 % CI 0.54-0.87) were documented in African-American subjects. The G allele of rs2735839 was associated with disease aggressiveness even at low PSA levels (<4.0 ng/mL) in both European and African-American men. Our results provide further support that a PC-risk SNP rs2735839 near the KLK3 gene on chromosome 19q13 may be associated with aggressive and high-grade PC. Future prospectively designed, case-case GWAS are needed to identify additional SNPs associated with PC aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Helfand
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, John and Carol Walter Center for Urological Health, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
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Klein EA, Yousefi K, Haddad Z, Choeurng V, Buerki C, Stephenson AJ, Li J, Kattan MW, Magi-Galluzzi C, Davicioni E. A genomic classifier improves prediction of metastatic disease within 5 years after surgery in node-negative high-risk prostate cancer patients managed by radical prostatectomy without adjuvant therapy. Eur Urol 2014; 67:778-86. [PMID: 25466945 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is a standard first-line therapy for men with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer. Clinical factors such as tumor grade, stage, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are currently used to identify those who are at risk of recurrence and who may benefit from adjuvant therapy, but novel biomarkers that improve risk stratification and that distinguish local from systemic recurrence are needed. OBJECTIVE To determine whether adding the Decipher genomic classifier, a validated metastasis risk-prediction model, to standard risk-stratification tools (CAPRA-S and Stephenson nomogram) improves accuracy in predicting metastatic disease within 5 yr after surgery (rapid metastasis [RM]) in an independent cohort of men with adverse pathologic features after radical prostatectomy (RP). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The study population consisted of 169 patients selected from 2641 men who underwent RP at the Cleveland Clinic between 1987 and 2008 who met the following criteria: (1) preoperative PSA>20 ng/ml, stage pT3 or margin positive, or Gleason score≥8; (2) pathologic node negative; (3) undetectable post-RP PSA; (4) no neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy; and (5) minimum of 5-yr follow-up for controls. The final study cohort consisted of 15 RM patients and 154 patients as non-RM controls. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The performance of Decipher was evaluated individually and in combination with clinical risk factors using concordance index (c-index), decision curve analysis, and logistic regression for prediction of RM. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS RM patients developed metastasis at a median of 2.3 yr (interquartile range: 1.7-3.3). In multivariable analysis, Decipher was a significant predictor of RM (odds ratio: 1.48; p=0.018) after adjusting for clinical risk factors. Decipher had the highest c-index, 0.77, compared with the Stephenson model (c-index: 0.75) and CAPRA-S (c-index: 0.72) as well as with a panel of previously reported prostate cancer biomarkers unrelated to Decipher. Integration of Decipher into the Stephenson nomogram increased the c-index from 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.85) to 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68-0.89). CONCLUSIONS Decipher was independently validated as a genomic metastasis signature for predicting metastatic disease within 5 yr after surgery in a cohort of high-risk men treated with RP and managed conservatively without any adjuvant therapy. Integration of Decipher into clinical nomograms increased prediction of RM. Decipher may allow identification of men most at risk for metastatic progression who should be considered for multimodal therapy or inclusion in clinical trials. PATIENT SUMMARY Use of Decipher in addition to standard clinical information more accurately identified men who developed metastatic disease within 5 yr after surgery. The results suggest that Decipher allows improved identification of the men who should consider secondary therapy from among the majority that may be managed conservatively after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Kasra Yousefi
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zaid Haddad
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Andrew J Stephenson
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jianbo Li
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael W Kattan
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Elai Davicioni
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Penney KL, Sinnott JA, Tyekucheva S, Gerke T, Shui IM, Kraft P, Sesso HD, Freedman ML, Loda M, Mucci LA, Stampfer MJ. Association of prostate cancer risk variants with gene expression in normal and tumor tissue. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 24:255-60. [PMID: 25371445 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0694-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous germline genetic variants are associated with prostate cancer risk, but their biologic role is not well understood. One possibility is that these variants influence gene expression in prostate tissue. We therefore examined the association of prostate cancer risk variants with the expression of genes nearby and genome-wide. METHODS We generated mRNA expression data for 20,254 genes with the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST microarray from normal prostate (N = 160) and prostate tumor (N = 264) tissue from participants of the Physicians' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. With linear models, we tested the association of 39 risk variants with nearby genes and all genes, and the association of each variant with canonical pathways using a global test. RESULTS In addition to confirming previously reported associations, we detected several new significant (P < 0.05) associations of variants with the expression of nearby genes including C2orf43, ITGA6, MLPH, CHMP2B, BMPR1B, and MTL5. Genome-wide, five genes (MSMB, NUDT11, RBPMS2, NEFM, and KLHL33) were significantly associated after accounting for multiple comparisons for each SNP (P < 2.5 × 10(-6)). Many more genes had an FDR <10%, including SRD5A1 and PSCA, and we observed significant associations with pathways in tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS The risk variants were associated with several genes, including promising prostate cancer candidates and lipid metabolism pathways, suggesting mechanisms for their impact on disease. These genes should be further explored in biologic and epidemiologic studies. IMPACT Determining the biologic role of these variants can lead to improved understanding of prostate cancer etiology and identify new targets for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jennifer A Sinnott
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene M Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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64
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Zhou CK, Pfeiffer RM, Cleary SD, Hoffman HJ, Levine PH, Chu LW, Hsing AW, Cook MB. Relationship between male pattern baldness and the risk of aggressive prostate cancer: an analysis of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. J Clin Oncol 2014; 33:419-25. [PMID: 25225425 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.55.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Male pattern baldness and prostate cancer appear to share common pathophysiologic mechanisms. However, results from previous studies that assess their relationship have been inconsistent. Therefore, we investigated the association of male pattern baldness at age 45 years with risks of overall and subtypes of prostate cancer in a large, prospective cohort—the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. METHODS We included 39,070 men from the usual care and screening arms of the trial cohort who had no cancer diagnosis (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) at the start of follow-up and recalled their hair-loss patterns at age 45 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards regression models with age as the time metric. RESULTS During follow-up (median, 2.78 years), 1,138 incident prostate cancer cases were diagnosed, 571 of which were aggressive (biopsy Gleason score ≥ 7, and/or clinical stage III or greater, and/or fatal). Compared with no baldness, frontal plus moderate vertex baldness at age 45 years was not significantly associated with overall (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.45) or nonaggressive (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.30) prostate cancer risk but was significantly associated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.80). Adjustment for covariates did not substantially alter these estimates. Other classes of baldness were not significantly associated with overall or subtypes of prostate cancer. CONCLUSION Our analysis indicates that frontal plus moderate vertex baldness at age 45 years is associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer and supports the possibility of common pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ke Zhou
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Sean D Cleary
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Heather J Hoffman
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Paul H Levine
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Lisa W Chu
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Michael B Cook
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA.
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Zhang Q, Yu N, Lee C. Vicious cycle of TGF-β signaling in tumor progression and metastasis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2014; 2:149-155. [PMID: 25374917 PMCID: PMC4219298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β is an important biological mediator. It regulates a wide range of functions including embryonic development, wound healing, organ development, immuno-modulation, and cancer progression. Interestingly, TGF-β is known to inhibit cell growth in benign cells but promote progression in cancer cells, a phenomenon known as TGF-β paradox. TGF-β stimulation in cancer cells leads to a differential Erk activation, which srves as the basis of TGF-β paradox between benign and cancer cells. The critical events of TGF-β mediated Erk activation are suppressed TBRs and elevated TGF-β in tumor cells but not in benign cells. These events form the basis of the "vicious cycle of TGF-β signaling". The term "vicious cycle", implies that, with each advancing cycle of TGF-β signaling, the tumor will accumulate more TGF-β and will be more "aggressive" than that of the previous cycle. Understanding this vicious cycle of TGF-β signaling in tumor progression and metastasis will help us to predict indolent from aggressive cancers and will help us to develop novel anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University School of MedicineChicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nengwang Yu
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Jinan Military CommandJinan 250031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chung Lee
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University School of MedicineChicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Health System, Evanston HospitalEvanston, IL 60201, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Urology, University of California at IrvineIrvine, CA 92697, USA
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Lévesque É, Laverdière I, Audet-Walsh É, Caron P, Rouleau M, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Guillemette C. Steroidogenic Germline Polymorphism Predictors of Prostate Cancer Progression in the Estradiol Pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2971-83. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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67
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Vidal AC, Freedland SJ. Genetic variants in predicting aggressive prostate cancer: "ready for prime time?". Eur Urol 2014; 65:1076-7. [PMID: 24507781 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Vidal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical Epidemiologic Research, Program of Cancer Detection, Prevention and Control, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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