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Imperato R, Campone L, Piccinelli AL, Veneziano A, Rastrelli L. Survey of aflatoxins and ochratoxin a contamination in food products imported in Italy. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Corcuera LA, Ibáñez-Vea M, Vettorazzi A, González-Peñas E, Cerain ALD. Validation of a UHPLC-FLD analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin a in rat plasma, liver and kidney. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2733-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shephard G, Berthiller F, Burdaspal P, Crews C, Jonker M, Krska R, MacDonald S, Malone B, Maragos C, Sabino M, Solfrizzo M, van Egmond H, Whitaker T. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2009-2010. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2011. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2010.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2009 and mid-2010. It covers the major mycotoxins aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. New and improved methods for mycotoxins continue to be published. Immunological-based method developments continue to be of wide interest in a broad range of formats. Multimycotoxin determination by LC-MS/MS is now being targeted at the specific ranges of mycotoxins and matrices of interest or concern to the individual laboratory. Although falling outside the main emphasis of the review, some aspects of natural occurrence have been mentioned, especially if linked to novel method developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Shephard
- PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - F. Berthiller
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - P. Burdaspal
- National Centre for Food, Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency, Carretera a Pozuelo Km 5.1, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - C. Crews
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - M. Jonker
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Cluster Natural Toxins & Pesticides, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. Krska
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - S. MacDonald
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - B. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Drive, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Sabino
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av Dr Arnaldo 355, 01246-902 São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - H. van Egmond
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Cluster Natural Toxins & Pesticides, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T. Whitaker
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, N.C. State University, P.O. Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
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Astoreca AL, Magnoli CE, Dalcero AM. Ecophysiology of Aspergillus section nigri species potential ochratoxin a producers. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2593-605. [PMID: 22069566 PMCID: PMC3153178 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2112593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
After aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most studied mycotoxin due to the toxicological significance in human and animal diets. OTA presence has been extensively reported worldwide in the last decade in several agricultural products. The main OTA producer in tropical and temperate climates is Aspergillus carbonarius followed by species belonging to A. niger aggregate. Currently, many scientists worldwide have studied the influence of water activity and temperature for growth and biosynthesis of OTA by these species on synthetic media. This article reviews ecophysiological studies of Aspergillus section Nigri strains on synthetic media and natural substrates. The results of these investigations suggest that significant amounts of OTA can be produced in only five days and that the use of different storage practices, such as a(W) and temperature levels below 0.930 and 15 °C, respectively, allow controlling fungal contamination and minimizing the OTA production in several products as peanuts, corn, dried grapes and derived products for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Astoreca
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Ponsone ML, Chiotta ML, Combina M, Torres A, Knass P, Dalcero A, Chulze S. Natural occurrence of ochratoxin A in musts, wines and grape vine fruits from grapes harvested in Argentina. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:1984-96. [PMID: 22069669 PMCID: PMC3153286 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2081984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, ochratoxin A (OTA) occurrence in Argentinean musts, wines and dried vine fruits was evaluated, alongside with the performance of OchraStarTM columns for OTA extraction. In all the three matrices analyzed, the OchraStarTM columns showed good performance. The analysis of natural occurrence of OTA in the red must and the red wine samples showed low incidence with low levels of mean OTA contamination (0.12 ng/mL and 0.37 ng/mL, respectively), while 60% of the dried vine fruit samples were contaminated with OTA, in levels ranging from 0.26 to 20.28 ng/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lorena Ponsone
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N 36 Km. 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.L.P.); (M.L.C.); (A.T.); (A.D.)
| | - María Laura Chiotta
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N 36 Km. 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.L.P.); (M.L.C.); (A.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Mariana Combina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina;
- Members of the Research Career of CONICET, Argentina
| | - Adriana Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N 36 Km. 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.L.P.); (M.L.C.); (A.T.); (A.D.)
- Members of the Research Career of CONICET, Argentina
| | - Patricia Knass
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina;
| | - Ana Dalcero
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N 36 Km. 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.L.P.); (M.L.C.); (A.T.); (A.D.)
- Members of the Research Career of CONICET, Argentina
| | - Sofía Chulze
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N 36 Km. 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.L.P.); (M.L.C.); (A.T.); (A.D.)
- Members of the Research Career of CONICET, Argentina
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +54-0358-4676-429; Fax: +54-0358-4676-231
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Astoreca A, Barberis C, Magnoli C, Dalcero A. Aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin A production on irradiated dried grapes under different water activity and temperature conditions. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2010. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2009.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Grapes have different destinations. The most important in the national and international market is wine production, but another is dehydration to produce raisins. Dried vine fruits are at greater risk of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination than wine grapes because the ratio of Aspergillus carbonarius to Aspergillus niger aggregate increases during drying. The growth of these species, and consequently OTA production, can be influenced by different environmental factors, the two most important being water activity (aW) and temperature. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the lag phase, growth rate and OTA production by two A. carbonarius isolates on irradiated dried grapes at different aW (0.910, 0.928, 0.955, 0.973 and 0.995), temperatures (15, 25 and 30 °C) and incubation times (7, 14 and 21 days). Growth was observed at all aW and temperature ranges assayed. No significant differences between the growth rates reached at 25 °C and 30 °C by both isolates were observed. At the assayed conditions, OTA production occurred over the whole range of temperatures (15-30 °C), with the maximum at 25 and 30 °C depending on the aW. In general, OTA concentration increased as aW increased with no statistically significant differences at the tested incubation times. This work provides information that can be used by companies for the purpose of preventing A. carbonarius and OTA contamination during storage on this and other substrates (e.g. dried prunes, figs and apricots) destined for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Astoreca
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Fellowship of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - C. Barberis
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Fellowship of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - C. Magnoli
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CIC-CONICET), Argentina
| | - A. Dalcero
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CIC-CONICET), Argentina
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