51
|
Farah Nadira A, Rosita J, Norhaizan M, Mohd Redzwan S. Screening of aflatoxin M 1 occurrence in selected milk and dairy products in Terengganu, Malaysia. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
52
|
Dasan BG, Boyaci IH, Mutlu M. Nonthermal plasma treatment of Aspergillus spp. spores on hazelnuts in an atmospheric pressure fluidized bed plasma system: Impact of process parameters and surveillance of the residual viability of spores. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
53
|
Radonić JR, Kocić Tanackov SD, Mihajlović IJ, Grujić ZS, Vojinović Miloradov MB, Škrinjar MM, Turk Sekulić MM. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in human milk samples in Vojvodina, Serbia: Estimation of average daily intake by babies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:59-63. [PMID: 27726497 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1229454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to determine the aflatoxin M1 content in human milk samples in Vojvodina, Serbia, and to assess the risk of infants' exposure to aflatoxins food contamination. The growth of Aspergillus flavus and production of aflatoxin B1 in corn samples resulted in higher concentrations of AFM1 in milk and dairy products in 2013, indicating higher concentrations of AFM1 in human milk samples in 2013 and 2014 in Serbia. A total number of 60 samples of human milk (colostrum and breast milk collected 4-8 months after delivery) were analyzed for the presence of AFM1 using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. The estimated daily intake of AFM1 through breastfeeding was calculated for the colostrum samples using an average intake of 60 mL/kg body weight (b.w.)/day on the third day of lactation. All breast milk collected 4-8 months after delivery and 36.4% of colostrum samples were contaminated with AFM1. The greatest percentage of contaminated colostrum (85%) and all samples of breast milk collected 4-8 months after delivery had AFM1 concentration above maximum allowable concentration according to the Regulation on health safety of dietetic products. The mean daily intake of AFM1 in colostrum was 2.65 ng/kg bw/day. Results of our study indicate the high risk of infants' exposure, who are at the early stage of development and vulnerable to toxic contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena R Radonić
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | | | - Ivana J Mihajlović
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Zorica S Grujić
- c Faculty of Medicine , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Vojinović Miloradov
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Marija M Škrinjar
- b Faculty of Technology , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Maja M Turk Sekulić
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Aslam N, Tipu MY, Ishaq M, Cowling A, McGill D, Warriach HM, Wynn P. Higher Levels of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination and Poorer Composition of Milk Supplied by Informal Milk Marketing Chains in Pakistan. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E347. [PMID: 27929386 PMCID: PMC5198542 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8120347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to observe the seasonal variation in aflatoxin M1 and nutritional quality of milk along informal marketing chains. Milk samples (485) were collected from three different chains over a period of one year. The average concentrations of aflatoxin M1 during the autumn and monsoon seasons (2.60 and 2.59 ppb) were found to be significantly higher (standard error of the difference, SED = 0.21: p = 0.003) than in the summer (1.93 ppb). The percentage of added water in milk was significantly lower (SED = 1.54: p < 0.001) in summer (18.59%) than in the monsoon season (26.39%). There was a significantly different (SED = 2.38: p < 0.001) mean percentage of water added by farmers (6.23%), small collectors (14.97%), large collectors (27.96%) and retailers (34.52%). This was reflected in changes in milk quality along the marketing chain. There was no difference (p = 0.178) in concentration of aflatoxin M1 in milk collected from the farmers (2.12 ppb), small collectors (2.23 ppb), large collectors (2.36 ppb) and retailers (2.58 ppb). The high levels of contamination found in this study, which exceed the standards set by European Union (0.05 ppb) and USFDA (0.5 ppb), demand radical intervention by regulatory authorities and mass awareness of the consequences for consumer health and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Aslam
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga 2650, NSW, Australia.
| | - Muhammad Yasin Tipu
- Quality Operation Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- Agriculture Sector Linkages Program Dairy Project, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Ann Cowling
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga 2650, NSW, Australia.
| | - David McGill
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, University of Melbourne, Werribee 3030, VIC, Australia.
| | - Hassan Mahmood Warriach
- Agriculture Sector Linkages Program Dairy Project, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Peter Wynn
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga 2650, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Guo L, Zheng N, Zhang Y, Du R, Zheng B, Wang J. A survey of seasonal variations of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk in Tangshan region of China during 2012–2014. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
56
|
Quantitative Scrutinization of Aflatoxins in Different Spices from Pakistan. Int J Anal Chem 2016; 2016:4907425. [PMID: 27781067 PMCID: PMC5066014 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4907425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research work aimed to access the contamination level of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in the household spices that are widely consumed in huge amounts. 200 different spice samples, 100 packed and 100 unpacked, were analyzed for the aflatoxins profile by HPLC with an incidence of 61.5% contamination out of which 53.66% samples exceed the EU limit. The results disclosed that the unpacked samples are more contaminated as compared to the packed samples except for white cumin seeds. Among packed and unpacked samples of spices, the maximum value of aflatoxins was detected in fennel, that is, 27.93 μg/kg and 67.04 μg/kg, respectively. The lowest concentration of aflatoxin was detected in cinnamon in packed form (0.79 μg/kg) and in the unpacked samples of white cumin seeds which is 1.75 μg/kg. Caraway seeds and coriander in its unpacked form showed positive results whereas black pepper (packed and unpacked) was found free from aflatoxins. This is the first report on the occurrence of aflatoxins in packed and unpacked samples of spices from Pakistan. To ensure safe consumption of spices, there should be constant monitoring of aflatoxin and more studies need to be executed with the intention of preventing mycotoxin accretion in this commodity.
Collapse
|
57
|
Campagnollo FB, Ganev KC, Khaneghah AM, Portela JB, Cruz AG, Granato D, Corassin CH, Oliveira CAF, Sant'Ana AS. The occurrence and effect of unit operations for dairy products processing on the fate of aflatoxin M1: A review. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
58
|
Makau CM, Matofari JW, Muliro PS, Bebe BO. Aflatoxin B1 and Deoxynivalenol contamination of dairy feeds and presence of Aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk from smallholder dairy systems in Nakuru, Kenya. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-016-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
59
|
Determination of Aflatoxins in Yogurt by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and HPLC with Photo-Induced Fluorescence Detection. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
60
|
Rice husk as an adsorbent: A new analytical approach to determine aflatoxins in milk. Talanta 2016; 152:423-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
61
|
Bahrami R, Shahbazi Y, Nikousefat Z. Aflatoxin M1 in milk and traditional dairy products from west part of Iran: Occurrence and seasonal variation with an emphasis on risk assessment of human exposure. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
62
|
Abstract
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is associated with carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and teratogenicity and as a result, represents a human health problem worldwide. This review will detail the toxicity, analytical methodology, occurrence, and prevention and control of AFM1 in milk and milk products. The probable daily intakes (PDI) per bodyweight (bw) worldwide ranged from 0.002 to 0.26 ng/kg bw/day for AFM1. Nevertheless, the high occurrence of AFM1 demonstrated in this review establishes the need for monitoring to reduce the risk of toxicity to humans. The recommended extraction method of AFM1 from milk is liquid-liquid with acetonitrile because of the acceptable recoveries (85-97%), compatibility with the environment, and cleanest extracts. The recommended analytical technique for the determination of AFM1 in milk is the high performance-liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD), achieving a 0.001 µg/kg detection limit. The HPLC-FLD is the most common internationally recognised official method for the analysis of AFM1 in milk. The suggested extraction and analytical method for cheese is dichloromethane (81-108% recoveries) and ELISA, respectively. This review reports the projected worldwide occurrence of AFM1 in milk of 2010-2015. Of the 7,841 samples, 5,873 (75%) were positive for AFM1, 26% (2,042) exceeded the maximum residue levels (MRL) of 0.05 µg/kg defined by the European Union and 1.53% (120) exceeded the MRL of 0.5 µg/kg defined by the US Food and Drug Administration. The most effective way of preventing AFM1 occurrences is to reduce contamination of AFB1 in animal feed using biological control with atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, proper storage of crops, and the addition of binders to AFB1-contaminated feed. Controllable measures include the addition of binders and use of biological transforming agents such as lactic acid bacteria applied directly to milk. Though the one accepted method for the control of AFM1 in milk and milk products is the enforcement of governmental MRL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E.D. Womack
- Mississippi State University, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, 32 Creelman Box 9655, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - D.L. Sparks
- Mississippi State University, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, 32 Creelman Box 9655, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, 1145 Hand Lab Box 9572, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - A.E. Brown
- Mississippi State University, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, 32 Creelman Box 9655, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, 1145 Hand Lab Box 9572, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Iqbal S, Jinap S, Pirouz A, Ahmad Faizal A. Aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products, occurrence and recent challenges: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
64
|
Tomašević I, Petrović J, Jovetić M, Raičević S, Milojević M, Miočinović J. Two year survey on the occurrence and seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products in Serbia. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
65
|
Bilandžić N, Varenina I, Kolanović BS, Božić Đ, Đokić M, Sedak M, Tanković S, Potočnjak D, Cvetnić Ž. Monitoring of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk during four seasons in Croatia. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
66
|
Hontanaya C, Meca G, Luciano F, Mañes J, Font G. Inhibition of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 production by Aspergillus parasiticus in nuts using yellow and oriental mustard flours. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
67
|
|
68
|
Škrbić B, Živančev J, Antić I, Godula M. Levels of aflatoxin M1 in different types of milk collected in Serbia: Assessment of human and animal exposure. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
69
|
Bilandžić N, Božić Đ, Đokić M, Sedak M, Kolanović BS, Varenina I, Tanković S, Cvetnić Ž. Seasonal effect on aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw and UHT milk from Croatia. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
70
|
Iqbal SZ, Asi MR, Jinap S, Rashid U. Detection of aflatoxins and zearalenone contamination in wheat derived products. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
71
|
Variation of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk and milk products collected during winter and summer seasons. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
72
|
Streit E, Naehrer K, Rodrigues I, Schatzmayr G. Mycotoxin occurrence in feed and feed raw materials worldwide: long-term analysis with special focus on Europe and Asia. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2892-2899. [PMID: 23670211 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
During an 8-year period, 17 316 samples of feed and feed raw materials from all over the world were analysed for contamination with aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and fumonisins. Overall, 72% of the samples tested positive for at least one mycotoxin and 38% were found to be co-contaminated. Mycotoxin concentrations were generally low and the majority of the samples were compliant with the most stringent EU guidance values or maximum levels for mycotoxins in feed. However, in their present state these regulations do not address co-contamination and associated risks. Long-term trends are difficult to establish as strong yearly variations were observed regarding mycotoxin prevalence and contamination levels. In some cases unusual weather conditions can be linked with high observed mycotoxin loads. An exception to this rule is South-East Asia, where a steady increase of aflatoxin prevalence has been observed. The percentage of aflatoxin-positive samples in this region rose from 32% in 2005 to 71% in 2011.
Collapse
|
73
|
Khalil MMH, Gomaa AM, Sebaei AS. Reliable HPLC determination of aflatoxin m1 in eggs. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:817091. [PMID: 23984192 PMCID: PMC3747390 DOI: 10.1155/2013/817091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin M1 is the foremost metabolite of aflatoxin B1 in humans and animals, which may be present in animal products from animals fed with aflatoxin B1 contaminated feed. In this study a high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of aflatoxin M1 in eggs was described. The egg samples were diluted with warmed water and the toxin was immunoextracted followed by fluorescence detection. The average recovery of aflatoxin M1 at the three different levels 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 μ g/kg varied between 87% and 98%. The method is linear from the limit of quantification 0.05 μ g/kg up to 3 μ g/kg levels. This method is intended for aflatoxin M1 analyses in eggs simply with minimum toxin lose, excellent recovery, and accurate results with the limit of detection 0.01 μ g/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. H. Khalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Gomaa
- QCAP Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Salem Sebaei
- QCAP Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza 12311, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Aflatoxins contamination in peanut and peanut products commercially available in retail markets of Punjab, Pakistan. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|