51
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Singh TA, Devi KR, Ahmed G, Jeyaram K. Microbial and endogenous origin of fibrinolytic activity in traditional fermented foods of Northeast India. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lakshmi Bhargavi P, Prakasham R. A fibrinolytic, alkaline and thermostable metalloprotease from the newly isolated Serratia sp RSPB11. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 61:479-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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54
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Yu JJ, Park KB, Kim SG, Oh SH. Expression, purification, and biochemical properties of arginase from Bacillus subtilis 168. J Microbiol 2013; 51:222-8. [PMID: 23625224 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-2669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The arginine-degrading and ornithine-producing enzymes arginase has been used to treat arginine-dependent cancers. This study was carried out to obtain the microbial arginase from Bacillus subtilis, one of major microorganisms found in fermented foods such as Cheonggukjang. The gene encoding arginase was isolated from B. subtilis 168 and cloned into E. coli expression plasmid pET32a. The enzyme activity was detected in the supernatant of the transformed and IPTG induced cell-extract. Arginase was purified for homogeneity from the supernatant by affinity chromatography. The specific activity of the purified arginase was 150 U/mg protein. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the molecular size to be 49 kDa (Trix·Tag, 6×His·Tag added size). The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme with arginine as the substrate were pH 8.4 and 45°C, respectively. The Km and Vmax values of arginine for the enzyme were 4.6 mM and 133.0 mM/min/mg protein respectively. These findings can contribute in the development of functional fermented foods such as Cheonggukjang with an enhanced level of ornithine and pharmaceutical products by providing the key enzyme in arginine-degradation and ornithine-production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ju Yu
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Woosuk University, Jeonju 565-701, Republic of Korea
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55
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Zhang X, Yun LJ, Peng LB, Lu Y, Ma KP, Tang F. Optimization of Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme production by statistical experimental methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:153-158. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-013-1089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yuan J, Yang J, Zhuang Z, Yang Y, Lin L, Wang S. Thrombolytic effects of Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis LD-8547 in vitro and in vivo. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:36. [PMID: 22748219 PMCID: PMC3434014 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Today, thrombosis is one of the most widely occurring diseases in modern life. Drugs with thrombolytic functions are the most effective methods in the treatment of thrombosis. Among them, Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme (DFE) is a promising agent. DFE was isolated from Douchi, a typical and popular soybean-fermented food in China, and it can dissolve fibrin directly and efficiently. A strain, Bacillus subtilis LD-8547 produced DFE with high fibrinolytic activity has been isolated in our lab previously. Results In the study, thrombolytic effect of DFE from Bacillus subtilis LD-8547 was studied in vitro and in vivo systematically. The results showed that DFE played a significant role in thrombolysis and anticoagulation in vitro. And the thrombolytic effects correlated with DFE in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, the acute toxicity assay showed that DFE had no obvious acute toxicity to mice. Test of carrageenan-induced thrombosis in mice indicated that the DFE significantly prevented tail thrombosis, and arterial thrombosis model test indicated that Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme DFE had thrombolytic effect on carotid thrombosis of rabbits in vivo. Other results in vivo indicated that DFE could increase bleeding and clotting time obviously. Conclusions The DFE isolated from Bacillus subtilis LD-8547 has obvious thrombolytic effects in vitro and in vivo. This function demonstrates that this enzyme can be a useful tool for preventing and treating clinical thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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58
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Mukherjee AK, Rai SK, Thakur R, Chattopadhyay P, Kar SK. Bafibrinase: A non-toxic, non-hemorrhagic, direct-acting fibrinolytic serine protease from Bacillus sp. strain AS-S20-I exhibits in vivo anticoagulant activity and thrombolytic potency. Biochimie 2012; 94:1300-8. [PMID: 22386870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A non-toxic, direct-acting fibrinolytic serine protease (Bafibrinase) demonstrating thrombolytic and anticoagulant properties was purified from Bacillus sp. strain AS-S20-I. Bafibrinase was monomeric, with a molecular mass of 32.3 kDa. The peptide mass fingerprinting of Bafibrinase revealed only 8.3% sequence coverage, suggesting it was a novel fibrinolytic enzyme. However, two of the tryptic digested de novo peptide sequences of Bafibrinase demonstrated good similarity with endopeptidases possessing serine in their catalytic triad. Further, catalytic activity of Bafibrinase was inhibited by serine protease inhibitor reinforcing this is a subtilisin-like serine protease. The apparent K(m) and V(max) values of Bafibrinase towards fibrin were determined as 0.24 μM and 2.8 μmol/min, respectively. It showed a K(m) value of 0.139 mM towards a chromogenic substrate for plasmin (D-Val-Leu-Lys-p-Nitroanilide dihydrochloride) and optimum activity at physiological conditions (37 °C and pH 7.4). Based on the cleavage pattern of fibrin and fibrinogen, Bafibrinase may be classified as an α,β-fibrinogenase. Bafibrinase could not degrade collagen and was non-cytotoxic to HT29 cells or mammalian erythrocytes. Further, Bafibrinase at a dose of 2 mg/kg was devoid of toxicity as well as hemorrhagic activity on BALB/c mouse model, supporting its suitability for the development of a better and safer thrombolytic drug. Bafibrinase was also superior to human plasmin in degrading in vitro thrombus. The in vivo anticoagulant nature of Bafibrinase is being explored for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, Assam, India.
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HAN X, NAGANO H, PHROMRAKSA P, TSUJI M, SHIMOYAMADA M, KASUYA S, SUZUKI T, KHAMBOONRUANG C. Hydrolysis of Soybean 7S and 11S Globulins Using Bacillus subtilis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.18.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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60
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Kim J, Kim JH, Choi KH, Kim JH, Song YS, Cha J. Enhancement of the catalytic activity of a 27 kDa subtilisin-like enzyme from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CH51 by in vitro mutagenesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:8675-8682. [PMID: 21780825 DOI: 10.1021/jf201947m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AprE51 from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CH51 is a 27 kDa subtilisin-like protease with fibrinolytic activity. To enhance the catalytic activity of AprE51, two residues, Gly-169 and Ser-101, which, according to the three-dimensional structural model of subtilisin, are located in the P1 substrate-binding site and S3 subsite, respectively, were mutated by site-directed mutagenesis. Results of the mutational analysis showed that substitution of alanine for Gly-169 increased the fibrinolytic activity 1.4-fold. All four Ser-101 mutations, that is, replacements with arginine, leucine, lysine, and tryptophan, also increased the fibrinolytic activity up to 3.9-fold. The S101W mutant with a bulky side chain was more active than mutants with a positively charged or nonpolar small side chains. The fibrinolytic activity of the S101W mutant was further increased by error-prone polymerase chain reaction. The AprE51-6 mutant (S101W/G169A/V192A) had stronger fibrinolytic activity than the S101W mutant. Purified AprE51-6 had a 2.5-fold higher k(cat) and a 2.3-fold lower K(m), which resulted in a 6-fold increase in catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) relative to that of wild-type AprE51. In addition, AprE51-6 showed a relatively broader pH range and increased thermostability as compared to AprE51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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61
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Mukherjee AK, Rai SK. A statistical approach for the enhanced production of alkaline protease showing fibrinolytic activity from a newly isolated Gram-negative Bacillus sp. strain AS-S20-I. N Biotechnol 2011; 28:182-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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62
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Wang S, Deng Z, Li Q, Ge X, Bo Q, Liu J, Cui J, Jiang X, Liu J, Zhang L, Hong M. A novel alkaline serine protease with fibrinolytic activity from the polychaete, Neanthes japonica. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 159:18-25. [PMID: 21276864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new protease named NJP with fibrinolytic activity was isolated from Neanthes japonica (Izuka), by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The molecular mass of NJP was approximately 28.6-33.5kDa as estimated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and SDS-PAGE, which revealed a monomeric form of the protease. The isoelectric point of NJP determined by 2-DE was 9.2. NJP was stable in the range of pH 7.0-11.0 with a maximum enzymatic activity at 40°C and pH 9.0. The hydrolyzing activity of NJP on fibrinogen started from the Aα-chain, followed by the Bβ-chain, and the γ-chain at last. NJP had also a higher specificity for the chromogenic substrate S-2238 for thrombin. NJP activity was completely inhibited by PMSF. Analysis of partial amino acid sequences showed that NJP had very low homology with other known fibrinolytic enzymes. These results indicate that NJP is a novel alkaline thrombin-like serine protease. Thus NJP may have potential applications in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
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63
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Yin LJ, Lin HH, Jiang ST. Bioproperties of potent nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis YJ1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:5737-5742. [PMID: 20334345 DOI: 10.1021/jf100290h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinolytic enzyme activity was observed during cultivation of Bacillus subtilis YJ1 in a medium containing 1% skim milk, 1% rice husk, 0.5% NaCl, and 0.25% glucose. It was purified to electrophoretical homogeneity after CM-sepharose FF chromatography. The specific activity and yield were 1791.9 FU/mg and 9.5%, respectively. This purified fibrinolytic enzyme had M of 27.5 kDa, optimal temperature and pH at 50 degrees C and 8.5, respectively. It was stable at pH 6.0-10.0 and 10-40 degrees C and inhibited by Fe(3+), Hg(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and PMSF. Compared the N terminal of amino acids and full DNA sequence with those in NCBI, it was considered to be a nattokinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Yin
- Department of Sea Food Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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64
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LUO YANGCHAO, LI BO, JI HONG, JI BAOPING, JI FENGDI, CHEN GANG, TIAN FANG. EFFECT OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES ON THE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF DOUCHI. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2008.00297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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65
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Heterologous expression of the Bacillus subtilis (natto) alanine dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli and Lactococcus lactis. Microbiol Res 2010; 165:268-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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66
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Lee NK, Cho IJ, Park JW, Kim BY, Hahm YT. Characteristics of Cheonggukjang produced by the rotative fermentation method. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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67
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68
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Fibrinolytic Serine Protease Isolation from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens An6 Grown on Mirabilis jalapa Tuber Powders. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 162:75-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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69
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Agrebi R, Haddar A, Hajji M, Frikha F, Manni L, Jellouli K, Nasri M. Fibrinolytic enzymes from a newly isolated marine bacteriumBacillus subtilisA26: characterization and statistical media optimization. Can J Microbiol 2009; 55:1049-61. [DOI: 10.1139/w09-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A fibrinolytic enzyme producing bacterium was isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilis A26 on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The fibrin zymography analysis reveals the presence of at least three fibrinolytic enzymes. The crude enzyme exhibited maximal activity at 60 °C and pH 8.0. Medium composition and culture conditions for the enzyme production by B. subtilis A26 were optimized using two statistical methods. The Plackett–Burman statistical design was applied to find the key ingredients and conditions for the best yield of enzyme production. Five significant variables (hulled grain of wheat, casein peptone, NaCl, CaCl2, and initial pH) were selected for the optimization studies. The response surface methodological approach was used to determine the optimal concentrations and conditions. The optimized medium contained 40.0 g·L–1hulled grain of wheat, 3.53 g·L–1casein peptone, 4.0 g·L–1CaCl2, 3.99 g·L–1NaCl, 0.01 g·L–1MgSO4, and 0.01 g·L–1KH2PO4, pH 7.78. The medium optimization resulted in a 4.2-fold increased level of fibrinolytic production (269.36 U·mL–1) compared with that obtained with the initial medium (63.45 U·mL–1). A successful and significant improvement in the production of protease by the A26 strain was accomplished using inexpensive carbon substrate (hulled grain of wheat), allowing a significant reduction in the cost of medium constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Agrebi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Haddar
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hajji
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fakher Frikha
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Laila Manni
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kemel Jellouli
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. BP « W » 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Rovati JI, Delgado OD, Figueroa LIC, Fariña JI. A novel source of fibrinolytic activity: Bionectria sp., an unconventional enzyme-producing fungus isolated from Las Yungas rainforest (Tucumán, Argentina). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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71
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Liu CH, Chiu CS, Ho PL, Wang SW. Improvement in the growth performance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, by a protease-producing probiotic, Bacillus subtilis E20, from natto. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1031-41. [PMID: 19320951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate and identify a benefic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis E20, from natto (fermented soybeans), and incorporate it into shrimp feed to promote shrimp growth performance. METHODS AND RESULTS A protease-producing bacterium, E20, isolated from natto was identified as B. subtilis by an API 50 CHB kit and the 16S rDNA sequence. B. subtilis E20 was able to grow at a broad range of temperatures (10-50 degrees C), pH values (5-10), and NaCl levels (0-9%). The best culture conditions for B. subtilis E20 to produce the protease were 40 degrees C, a pH of 6-8 and 0% NaCl. No shrimp died after being injected with B. subtilis E20 [up to 10(9) colony-forming units (CFU) per shrimp]. Bacillus subtilis E20 was incorporated in diets at the levels of 0 (control), 10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) CFU kg(-1) for shrimp grow-out culture, and results showed that after feeding on B. subtilis E20-containing diets (10(8) CFU kg(-1) of diet), shrimp had excellent growth performance and production compared to the control because protease activities in the digestive tract were improved by B. subtilis E20. CONCLUSIONS Bacillus subtilis E20 isolated from natto is a great protease producer and is able to improve shrimp growth performance through increasing the digestibility of food. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Results suggest that B. subtilis E20 is a potential candidate for use as a probiotic to improve shrimp growth performance, and consequently reduce feed costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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KIM YOUNGNAM, HEO SEONGIL, WANG MYEONGHYEON. ANTIGENOTOXIC, FIBRINOLYTIC AND IMMUNOMODULATING ACTIVITY OF TRADITIONALLY FERMENTED SOY PRODUCT, CHUNGKUKJANG. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2008.00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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73
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Wu B, Wu L, Chen D, Yang Z, Luo M. Purification and characterization of a novel fibrinolytic protease from Fusarium sp. CPCC 480097. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:451-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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74
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Li HP, Hu Z, Yuan JL, Fan HD, Chen W, Wang SJ, Zheng SS, Zheng ZL, Zou GL. A novel extracellular protease with fibrinolytic activity from the culture supernatant of Cordyceps sinensis: purification and characterization. Phytother Res 2008; 21:1234-41. [PMID: 17661328 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel serine protease with fibrinolytic activity named CSP was purified from the culture supernatant of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine. Analysis of the purified enzyme by SDS-PAGE indicated that CSP was a single polypeptide chain with an apparent molecular weight of 31 kDa, and N-terminal sequencing revealed that the first ten amino acid residues of the enzyme were Ala-Leu-Ala-Thr-Gln-His-Gly-Ala-Pro-Trp-. When casein was used as a substrate, the proteolytic activity of CSP reached its maximum at pH 7.0 and 40 degrees C. The effect of chemical agents on the enzyme activity indicated that CSP is a serine protease with a free cysteine residue near the active site. It hydrolysed fibrinogen, fibrin and casein with a high efficiency, while hydrolysing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) to a lesser extent. CSP was found to be a plasmin-like protease, but not a plasminogen activator, and it preferentially cleaved the A alpha chain of fibrinogen and the alpha-chain of fibrin. Therefore, the extracellular protein CSP may represent a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, PR China
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75
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Hua Y, Jiang B, Mine Y, Mu W. Purification and characterization of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus sp. nov. SK006 isolated from an Asian traditional fermented shrimp paste. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:1451-1457. [PMID: 18197616 DOI: 10.1021/jf0713410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. nov. SK006 producing four extracellular fibrinolytic enzymes was isolated from fermented shrimp paste, a traditional and popular Asian seasoning. One fibrinolytic enzyme was purified to homogeneity with a molecular mass of 43-46 kDa by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography. The specific activity was determined to be 11.2 units/mg using plasmin as a standard. The enzyme displayed optimal activity at 30 degrees C and pH 7.2. It was stable below 40 degrees C for 4 h between pH 5.0 and pH 11.0. Zinc ion stimulated the enzyme activity whereas Cu2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, and Hg2+ caused its inhibition. The fibrinolytic activity was strongly inhibited by PMSF and moderately inhibited by EDTA as well as PCMB. The enzyme exhibited a higher affinity toward N-Succ-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA and was able to degrade fibrin clots either by forming active plasmin from plasminogen or by direct fibrinolysis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was found to be AQSVPYEQPHLSQ, which is different from that of other known fibrinolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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76
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Screening of a high fibrinolytic enzyme producing strain and characterization of the fibrinolytic enzyme produced from Bacillus subtilis LD-8547. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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CHOI YANGMUN, NOH DONGOUK, YU KWANGWON, KOH JONGHO, SUH HYUNGJOO. PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF CHUNGKOOKJANG (KOREAN TRADITIONAL SOYBEAN PASTE) PILL AS A FUNCTIONAL FOOD. J Food Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2007.00103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang CT, Ji BP, Li B, Nout R, Li PL, Ji H, Chen LF. Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme of Bacillus subtilis DC33, isolated from Chinese traditional Douchi. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 33:750-8. [PMID: 16575557 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis DC33 producing a novel fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated from Ba-bao Douchi, a traditional soybean-fermented food in China. The strong fibrin-specific enzyme subtilisin FS33 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using the combination of various chromatographic steps. The optimum temperature, pH value, and pI of subtilisin FS33 were 55 degrees C, 8.0, and 8.7, respectively. The molecular weight was 30 kDa measured by SDS-PAGE under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. The enzyme showed a level of fibrinolytic activity that was about six times higher than that of subtilisin Carlsberg. The first 15 amino acid residues of N-terminal sequence of the enzyme were A-Q-S-V-P-Y-G-I-P-Q-I-K-A-P-A, which are different from that of other known fibrinolytic enzymes. The amidolytic activities of subtilisin FS33 were inhibited completely by 5 mM phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and 1 mM soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), but 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT), beta-mercaptoethanol, and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (PHMB) did not affect the enzyme activity; serine and tryptophan are thus essential in the active site of the enzyme. The highest affinity of subtilisin FS33 was towards N-Succ-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA. Therefore, the enzyme was considered to be a subtilisin-like serine protease. The fibrinolytic enzyme had a high degrading activity for the Bbeta-chains and Aalpha-chain of fibrin(ogen), and also acted on thrombotic and fibrinolytic factors of blood, such as plasminogen, urokinase, thrombin, and kallikrein. So subtilisin FS33 was able to degrade fibrin clots in two ways, i.e., (a) by forming active plasmin from plasminogen and (b) by direct fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, East Campus, Beijing, China
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