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Study of the Effect of Bisphenol A on Oxidative Stress in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 33:196-201. [PMID: 29651211 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of bisphenol A (BPA) in autism was investigated in 49 children (mean age = 5.950 ± 1.911 years) with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and 40 comparable age and sex matched children used as controls (mean age = 5.333 ± 2.279 years). In addition, 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) was also studied as a biomarker of oxidative stress in the same set of two selected groups. The results showed that both BPA and 8-oxodG were significantly higher in children with autism than those of control children (p values = 0.025 and 0.0001, respectively). There were positive correlations between both BPA and 8-oxodG with ASDs severity (r = 0.400 and 0.805, respectively), these correlations were highly significant (p values = 0.004 and 0.001, respectively). There was a significance positive correlation between BMI and BPA, but the correlation between BMI and 8-oxodG was not significant in children with autism. The observed results revealed that BPA may increase oxidative stress resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction that affecting the behavior and functioning of ASDs children.
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Yoo HJ, Park M, Kim SA. Difference in mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood cells between probands with autism spectrum disorders and their unaffected siblings. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:151-156. [PMID: 27739340 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1234069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several reports suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Therefore, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, a common biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunction, might be associated with ASD phenotypes. METHODS Relative mtDNA copy number in the peripheral blood cells of 100 Korean ASD patients and their unaffected sib-pairs was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS ASD patients had significantly higher relative mtDNA copy numbers than their unaffected sibs (P = .042). In addition, there were statistically significant correlations between mtDNA copy number and clinical phenotypes for language and communication in ASD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated mtDNA copy number may be a biological subtype of ASD that is related to the phenotype for communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeong Yoo
- a Department of Neuropsychiatry , Seoul National University Bungdang Hospital , Seongnam , Korea
| | - Mira Park
- b Department of Preventive Medicine , School of Medicine, Eulji University , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- c Department of Pharmacology , School of Medicine, Eulji University , Daejeon , Korea
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53
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Barbonetti A, Castellini C, Di Giammarco N, Santilli G, Francavilla S, Francavilla F. In vitro exposure of human spermatozoa to bisphenol A induces pro-oxidative/apoptotic mitochondrial dysfunction. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 66:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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54
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Khan S, Beigh S, Chaudhari BP, Sharma S, Aliul Hasan Abdi S, Ahmad S, Ahmad F, Parvez S, Raisuddin S. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Bisphenol A is a factor of its hepatotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1922-1934. [PMID: 26450347 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic and endocrine disrupting agent, is widely used in manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. BPA and other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) act via multiple mechanisms including interference with mitochondrial functions. Mitochondria are the hub of cellular energy pool and hence are the target of many EDCs. We studied perturbation of activities of mitochondrial enzymes by BPA and its possible role in hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to BPA (150 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg per os, for 14 days) and activities of enzymes of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) were measured. Besides, other biochemical parameters such as superoxide generation, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were also measured. Our results indicated a significant decrease in the activities of enzymes of mitochondrial ETC complexes, i.e., complex I, II, III, IV, and V along with significant increase in LPO and protein oxidation. Additionally, a significant increase in mitochondrial superoxide generation was also observed. All these findings could be attributed to enhanced oxidative stress, decrease in reduced glutathione level, and decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase in rat liver mitochondria isolated from BPA-treated rats. BPA treatment also caused a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase indicating its potential hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, histopathological findings revealed marked edema formation, hepatocellular degeneration, and necrosis of liver tissue in BPA-exposed rats. In conclusion, this study provides an evidence of impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and liver toxicity after high-dose BPA exposure in rats. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1922-1934, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaira Khan
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Saba Beigh
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Bhushan P Chaudhari
- Central Pathology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Sayed Aliul Hasan Abdi
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Firoz Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
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Calabrese V, Giordano J, Ruggieri M, Berritta D, Trovato A, Ontario M, Bianchini R, Calabrese E. Hormesis, cellular stress response, and redox homeostasis in autism spectrum disorders. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1488-1498. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - J. Giordano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - M. Ruggieri
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry and Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington DC
| | - D. Berritta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - A. Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - M.L. Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - R. Bianchini
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry and Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington DC
- Service of Child Neuropsychiatry, ASP Siracusa, Italy
| | - E.J. Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health; University of Massachusetts; Amherst Massachusetts
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56
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Alegría-Torres JA, Velázquez-Villafaña M, López-Gutiérrez JM, Chagoyán-Martínez MM, Rocha-Amador DO, Costilla-Salazar R, García-Torres L. Association of Leukocyte Telomere Length and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Children from Salamanca, Mexico. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:654-659. [PMID: 27622310 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in children. METHODS Leukocyte TL and mtDNAcn were measured by real-time PCR in 98 Mexican children 6-12 years of age from Salamanca, México. RESULTS A positive association was found between TL and mtDNAcn after a natural log transformation (Pearson correlation r = 0.72; p < 0.0001). No correlation between age and body mass index (BMI) biomarkers was found, and no differences according to sex were observed. After adjustment for these variables, a linear regression model showed an association between TL and mtDNAcn (β = 0.739, 95% confidence interval 0.594; 0.885, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS A strong positive correlation between TL and mtDNAcn was found in the study population; age, sex, and BMI seemed to have no effect on this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alejandro Alegría-Torres
- 1 División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato , Guanajuato, México .,2 Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular en Nutrición, LIMON, Universidad del Centro de México UCEM , San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Marion Velázquez-Villafaña
- 1 División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato , Guanajuato, México
| | - Juan Manuel López-Gutiérrez
- 3 División de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Guanajuato , Guanajuato, México
| | - Marcela M Chagoyán-Martínez
- 4 Unidad Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería, Campus Guanajuato, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Silao, Guanajuato, México
| | - Diana O Rocha-Amador
- 1 División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato , Guanajuato, México
| | - Rogelio Costilla-Salazar
- 3 División de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Guanajuato , Guanajuato, México
| | - Lizeth García-Torres
- 2 Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular en Nutrición, LIMON, Universidad del Centro de México UCEM , San Luis Potosí, México
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57
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Zeliger HI. Predicting disease onset in clinically healthy people. Interdiscip Toxicol 2016; 9:39-54. [PMID: 28652846 PMCID: PMC5458104 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually all human disease is induced by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, which is caused by toxic environmental exposure, the presence of disease, lifestyle choices, stress, chronic inflammation or combinations of these, is responsible for most disease. Oxidative stress from all sources is additive and it is the total oxidative stress from all sources that induces the onset of most disease. Oxidative stress leads to lipid peroxidation, which in turn produces Malondialdehyde. Serum malondialdehyde level is an additive parameter resulting from all sources of oxidative stress and, therefore, is a reliable indicator of total oxidative stress which can be used to predict the onset of disease in clinically asymptomatic individuals and to suggest the need for treatment that can prevent much human disease.
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58
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Chauhan V, Chauhan A. Effects of methylmercury and alcohol exposure in Drosophila melanogaster: Potential risks in neurodevelopmental disorders. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 51:36-41. [PMID: 27151262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence suggests the role of oxidative stress in autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, we investigated whether methylmercury (MeHg) and/or alcohol exposure has deleterious effects in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies). A diet containing different concentrations of MeHg in Drosophila induced free radical generation and increased lipid peroxidation (markers of oxidative stress) in a dose-dependent manner. This effect of MeHg on oxidative stress was enhanced by further exposure to alcohol. It was observed that alcohol alone could also induce free radical generation in flies. After alcohol exposure, MeHg did not affect the immobilization of flies, but it increased the recovery time in a concentration-dependent manner. MeHg significantly inhibited the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in a dose-dependent manner. Linear regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between ADH activity and recovery time upon alcohol exposure in the flies fed a diet with MeHg. This relationship between ADH activity and recovery time after alcohol exposure was confirmed by adding 4-methyl pyrazole (an inhibitor of ADH) to the diet for the flies. These results suggest that consumption of alcohol by pregnant mothers who are exposed to MeHg may lead to increased oxidative stress and to increased length of time for alcohol clearance, which may have a direct impact on the development of the fetus, thereby increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Chauhan
- NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.
| | - Abha Chauhan
- NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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59
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Kardas F, Bayram AK, Demirci E, Akin L, Ozmen S, Kendirci M, Canpolat M, Oztop DB, Narin F, Gumus H, Kumandas S, Per H. Increased Serum Phthalates (MEHP, DEHP) and Bisphenol A Concentrations in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Endocrine Disruptors in Autism Etiopathogenesis. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:629-35. [PMID: 26450281 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815609150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between autism spectrum disorders development and exposure to mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP), di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), and bisphenol A (BPA), 1 of the endocrine disruptors, among phthalates. The study included 48 children with autism spectrum disorder (27 boys, 21 girls) and 41 healthy subjects (24 boys, 17 girls) as controls. Serum MEHP, DEHP, and BPA levels were measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Children with autism spectrum disorder had significantly increased serum MEHP, DEHP, and BPA concentrations (0.47 ± 0.14 µg/ml, 2.70 ± 0.90 µg/ml, 1.25 ± 0.30 ng/ml) compared to healthy control subjects (0.29 ± 0.05 µg/ml, 1.62 ± 0.56 µg/ml, 0.88 ± 0.18 ng/ml) respectively (P = .000). The fact that higher serum MEHP, DEHP, and BPA were found levels in the autism spectrum disorder group compared to healthy controls suggests that endocrine disruptors may have a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kardas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kacar Bayram
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Demirci
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Leyla Akin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Ozmen
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kendirci
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Canpolat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Didem Behice Oztop
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Figen Narin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gumus
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sefer Kumandas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Per
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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60
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Kondolot M, Ozmert EN, Ascı A, Erkekoglu P, Oztop DB, Gumus H, Kocer-Gumusel B, Yurdakok K. Plasma phthalate and bisphenol a levels and oxidant-antioxidant status in autistic children. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 43:149-158. [PMID: 26991849 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are endocrine disruting chemicals (EDCs) that are suggested to exert neurotoxic effects. This study aimed to determine plasma phthalates and BPA levels along with oxidant/antioxidant status in autistic children [n=51; including 12 children were diagnosed with "Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)]. Plasma levels of BPA, di (2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) and its main metabolite mono (2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP); thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and carbonyl groups; erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx1), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and glutathione (GSH) and selenium levels were measured. Plasma BPA levels of children with PDD-NOS were significantly higher than both classic autistic children and controls (n=50). Carbonyl, selenium concentrations and GPx1, SOD and GR activities were higher (p<0.05); CAT activity was markedly lower in study group. BPA exposure might be associated with PDD-NOS. Intracellular imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant status might facilitate its neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meda Kondolot
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Social Pediatrics Unit, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | - Elif N Ozmert
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Social Pediatrics Unit, Developmental Pediatrics Unit, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Ali Ascı
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Pınar Erkekoglu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Didem B Oztop
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Psychiatry, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gumus
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Kadriye Yurdakok
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Social Pediatrics Unit, Developmental Pediatrics Unit, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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Behnia F, Peltier M, Getahun D, Watson C, Saade G, Menon R. High bisphenol A (BPA) concentration in the maternal, but not fetal, compartment increases the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:3583-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1139570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Behnia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA,
| | - Morgan Peltier
- Department of Biomedical Research,
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA,
| | - Darios Getahun
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA, and
| | - Cheryl Watson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA
| | - George Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA,
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA,
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Goldenthal MJ, Damle S, Sheth S, Shah N, Melvin J, Jethva R, Hardison H, Marks H, Legido A. Mitochondrial enzyme dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders; a novel biomarker revealed from buccal swab analysis. Biomark Med 2015; 9:957-65. [PMID: 26439018 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Mitochondrial function studies in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have detected skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme deficiencies in respiratory complex (RC) activities. As a muscle biopsy is expensive and invasive, we assessed RC-I and RC-IV activities in buccal swabs. METHODS 92 children with ASD and 68 controls were studied with immunocapture for RC-I and microspectrophotometry for RC-IV. RESULTS Significant RC activity deficiencies were found in 39 (42%) ASD patients (p < 0.01) and more prevalent in more severe cases. Aberrant RC overactivity was seen in 9 children. RC-I/RC-IV activity ratio was significantly increased in 64% of the entire ASD cohort including 76% of those more severely affected (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Buccal swab analysis revealed extensive RC abnormalities in ASD providing a noninvasive biomarker to assess mitochondrial function in ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Goldenthal
- Mitochondrial Disease Laboratory, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA.,Section of Neurology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA
| | - Shirish Damle
- Mitochondrial Disease Laboratory, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA
| | - Sudip Sheth
- Mitochondrial Disease Laboratory, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA
| | - Nidhi Shah
- Mitochondrial Disease Laboratory, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA
| | - Joseph Melvin
- Section of Neurology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA
| | - Reena Jethva
- Section of Neurology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA
| | - Huntley Hardison
- Section of Neurology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA
| | - Harold Marks
- The Center for Neurological and Neurodevelopmental Health, Gibbsboro, NJ, USA
| | - Agustin Legido
- Section of Neurology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA
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63
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Bosch-Panadero E, Mas S, Sanchez-Ospina D, Camarero V, Pérez-Gómez MV, Saez-Calero I, Abaigar P, Ortiz A, Egido J, González-Parra E. The Choice of Hemodialysis Membrane Affects Bisphenol A Levels in Blood. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1566-74. [PMID: 26432902 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a component of some dialysis membranes, accumulates in CKD. Observational studies have linked BPA exposure to kidney and cardiovascular injury in humans, and animal studies have described a causative link. Normal kidneys rapidly excrete BPA, but insufficient excretion may sensitize patients with CKD to adverse the effects of BPA. Using a crossover design, we studied the effect of dialysis with BPA-containing polysulfone or BPA-free polynephron dialyzers on BPA levels in 69 prevalent patients on hemodialysis: 28 patients started on polysulfone dialyzers and were switched to polynephron dialyzers; 41 patients started on polynephron dialyzers and were switched to polysulfone dialyzers. Results were grouped for analysis. Mean BPA levels increased after one hemodialysis session with polysulfone dialyzers but not with polynephron dialyzers. Chronic (3-month) use of polysulfone dialyzers did not significantly increase predialysis serum BPA levels, although a trend toward increase was detected (from 48.8±6.8 to 69.1±10.1 ng/ml). Chronic use of polynephron dialyzers reduced predialysis serum BPA (from 70.6±8.4 to 47.1±7.5 ng/ml, P<0.05). Intracellular BPA in PBMCs increased after chronic hemodialysis with polysulfone dialyzers (from 0.039±0.002 to 0.043±0.001 ng/10(6) cells, P<0.01), but decreased with polynephron dialyzers (from 0.045±0.001 to 0.036±0.001 ng/10(6) cells, P<0.01). Furthermore, chronic hemodialysis with polysulfone dialyzers increased oxidative stress in PBMCs and inflammatory marker concentrations in circulation. In vitro, polysulfone membranes released significantly more BPA into the culture medium and induced more cytokine production in cultured PBMCs than did polynephron membranes. In conclusion, dialyzer BPA content may contribute to BPA burden in patients on hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Mas
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain;
| | - Didier Sanchez-Ospina
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Camarero
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Maria V Pérez-Gómez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Red Española de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Abaigar
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Red Española de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, UAM Medical School, Madrid, Spain; and Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo/Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación en Nefrología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, UAM Medical School, Madrid, Spain; and Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo/Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación en Nefrología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio González-Parra
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Red Española de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, UAM Medical School, Madrid, Spain; and Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo/Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación en Nefrología, Madrid, Spain
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64
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Brunst KJ, Baccarelli AA, Wright RJ. Integrating mitochondriomics in children's environmental health. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:976-91. [PMID: 26046650 PMCID: PMC4714560 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The amount of scientific research linking environmental exposures and childhood health outcomes continues to grow; yet few studies have teased out the mechanisms involved in environmentally-induced diseases. Cells can respond to environmental stressors in many ways: inducing oxidative stress/inflammation, changes in energy production and epigenetic alterations. Mitochondria, tiny organelles that each retains their own DNA, are exquisitely sensitive to environmental insults and are thought to be central players in these pathways. While it is intuitive that mitochondria play an important role in disease processes, given that every cell of our body is dependent on energy metabolism, it is less clear how environmental exposures impact mitochondrial mechanisms that may lead to enhanced risk of disease. Many of the effects of the environment are initiated in utero and integrating mitochondriomics into children's environmental health studies is a critical priority. This review will highlight (i) the importance of exploring environmental mitochondriomics in children's environmental health, (ii) why environmental mitochondriomics is well suited to biomarker development in this context, and (iii) how molecular and epigenetic changes in mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may reflect exposures linked to childhood health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J. Brunst
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
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65
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Modulation of the genome and epigenome of individuals susceptible to autism by environmental risk factors. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8699-718. [PMID: 25903146 PMCID: PMC4425104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse environmental factors have been implicated with the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Genetic factors also underlie the differential vulnerability to environmental risk factors of susceptible individuals. Currently the way in which environmental risk factors interact with genetic factors to increase the incidence of ASD is not well understood. A greater understanding of the metabolic, cellular, and biochemical events involved in gene x environment interactions in ASD would have important implications for the prevention and possible treatment of the disorder. In this review we discuss various established and more alternative processes through which environmental factors implicated in ASD can modulate the genome and epigenome of genetically-susceptible individuals.
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66
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Ajao C, Andersson MA, Teplova VV, Nagy S, Gahmberg CG, Andersson LC, Hautaniemi M, Kakasi B, Roivainen M, Salkinoja-Salonen M. Mitochondrial toxicity of triclosan on mammalian cells. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:624-637. [PMID: 28962398 PMCID: PMC5598359 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of triclosan (5-chloro-2'-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) on mammalian cells were investigated using human peripheral blood mono nuclear cells (PBMC), keratinocytes (HaCaT), porcine spermatozoa and kidney tubular epithelial cells (PK-15), murine pancreatic islets (MIN-6) and neuroblastoma cells (MNA) as targets. We show that triclosan (1-10 μg ml-1) depolarised the mitochondria, upshifted the rate of glucose consumption in PMBC, HaCaT, PK-15 and MNA, and subsequently induced metabolic acidosis. Triclosan induced a regression of insulin producing pancreatic islets into tiny pycnotic cells and necrotic death. Short exposure to low concentrations of triclosan (30 min, ≤1 μg/ml) paralyzed the high amplitude tail beating and progressive motility of spermatozoa, within 30 min exposure, depolarized the spermatozoan mitochondria and hyperpolarised the acrosome region of the sperm head and the flagellar fibrous sheath (distal part of the flagellum). Experiments with isolated rat liver mitochondria showed that triclosan impaired oxidative phosphorylation, downshifted ATP synthesis, uncoupled respiration and provoked excessive oxygen uptake. These exposure concentrations are 100-1000 fold lower that those permitted in consumer goods. The mitochondriotoxic mechanism of triclosan differs from that of valinomycin, cereulide and the enniatins by not involving potassium ionophoric activity.
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Key Words
- Acidosis
- BCF, bioconcentration factor
- EC50, concentration that diminishes the respective vitality parameter by ≥50%
- Electric transmembrane potential
- Glycolysis
- HaCaT, a spontaneously immortalized (non-neoplastic) keratinocyte cell line
- JC-1, 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide
- MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration
- MIN-6, a murine pancreatic beta cell line
- MNA, a murine neuroblastoma cells
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- PBMC, monocyte-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PI, propidium iodide
- PK-15, a porcine kidney tubular epithelial cell line
- PN, pyridine nucleotides
- RLM, rat liver mitochondria
- Sperm motility
- TPP+, tetraphenylphosphonium
- Uncoupler
- ΔΨ, electric transmembrane potential
- ΔΨm, membrane potential of the mitochondrial membrane
- ΔΨp, membrane potential of the plasma membrane
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Ajao
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, POB 56, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Maria A. Andersson
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, POB 56, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Vera V. Teplova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, Puschino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Szabolcs Nagy
- Department of Animal Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Deak F. u.,16, H8360 Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Carl G. Gahmberg
- Dept. of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Leif C. Andersson
- Dept. of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Maria Hautaniemi
- Finnish Food Safety Authority (EVIRA), Research and Laboratory Department, Veterinary Virology Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Balazs Kakasi
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Merja Roivainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Virology, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirja Salkinoja-Salonen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, POB 56, FI-00014, Finland
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67
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Llewellyn KJ, Nalbandian A, Gomez A, Wei D, Walker N, Kimonis VE. Administration of CoQ10 analogue ameliorates dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 76:77-86. [PMID: 25684537 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects in the UBE3A gene, which encodes for the imprinted E6-AP ubiquitin E3 ligase (UBE3A), is responsible for the occurrence of Angelman syndrome (AS), a neurodegenerative disorder which arises in 1 out of every 12,000-20,000 births. Classical symptoms of AS include delayed development, impaired speech, and epileptic seizures with characteristic electroencephalography (EEG) readings. We have previously reported impaired mitochondrial structure and reduced complex III in the hippocampus and cerebellum in the Ube3a(m-/p+) mice. CoQ10 supplementation restores the electron flow to the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) to ultimately increase mitochondrial antioxidant capacity. A number of recent studies with CoQ10 analogues seem promising in providing therapeutic benefit to patients with a variety of disorders. CoQ10 therapy has been reported to be safe and relatively well-tolerated at doses as high as 3000mg/day in patients with disorders of CoQ10 biosynthesis and MRC disorders. Herein, we report administration of idebenone, a potent CoQ10 analogue, to the Ube3a(m-/p+) mouse model corrects motor coordination and anxiety levels, and also improves the expression of complexes III and IV in hippocampus CA1 and CA2 neurons and cerebellum in these Ube3a(m-/p+) mice. However, treatment with idebenone illustrated no beneficial effects in the reduction of oxidative stress. To our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest an improvement in mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction via bioenergetics modulation with a CoQ10 analogue. These findings may further elucidate possible cellular and molecular mechanism(s) and ultimately a clinical therapeutic approach/benefit for patients with Angelman syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Llewellyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomics, 2501 Hewitt Hall, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Angèle Nalbandian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomics, 2501 Hewitt Hall, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Arianna Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomics, 2501 Hewitt Hall, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Don Wei
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Gillespie Hall, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Naomi Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomics, 2501 Hewitt Hall, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Virginia E Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomics, 2501 Hewitt Hall, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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68
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Abstract
The worldwide epidemic of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the last few decades cannot be fully accounted for only by changes in the lifestyle factors, such as sedentary lifestyle and overeating. Besides genetic factors, there must be other causes to explain this rapid change. They could not be infectious in nature and induce insulin resistance as key biochemical abnormality. Mitochondrial dysfunction could be underlying mechanism behind the insulin resistance, thus metabolic syndrome. Then there have been increasing number of reports suggesting that chronic exposure to and accumulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), especially so-called the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) within the body might be associated with metabolic syndrome. Combining two concepts, we developed new "EDCs-induced mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis of metabolic syndrome". In this review we suggest that classifying those chemicals into 5 groups might be clinically useful considering their removal or avoidance; POPs, non-persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, air pollutants and drugs. We will also discuss briefly how those insights could be applied to clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Taek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
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69
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Tiwari SK, Agarwal S, Seth B, Yadav A, Ray RS, Mishra VN, Chaturvedi RK. Inhibitory Effects of Bisphenol-A on Neural Stem Cells Proliferation and Differentiation in the Rat Brain Are Dependent on Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1735-1757. [PMID: 25381574 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis, a process of generation of new neurons, occurs throughout the life in the hippocampus and sub-ventricular zone (SVZ). Bisphenol-A (BPA), an endocrine disrupter used as surface coating for packaged food cans, injures the developing and adult brain. However, the effects of BPA on neurogenesis and underlying cellular and molecular mechanism(s) are still unknown. Herein, we studied the effect(s) of prenatal and early postnatal exposure of low dose BPA on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that controls different steps of neurogenesis such as neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Pregnant rats were treated with 4, 40, and 400 μg BPA/kg body weight orally daily from gestational day 6 to postnatal day 21. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that BPA alters NSC proliferation and differentiation. BPA impaired NSC proliferation (5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU(+)) and nestin(+) cells) and neuronal differentiation (BrdU/doublecortin(+) and BrdU/neuronal nuclei (NeuN(+)) cells) in the hippocampus and SVZ as compared to control. It significantly altered expression/protein levels of neurogenic genes and the Wnt pathway genes in the hippocampus. BPA reduced cellular β-catenin and p-GSK-3β levels and decreased β-catenin nuclear translocation, and cyclin-D1 and TCF/LEF promoter luciferase activity. Specific activation and blockage of the Wnt pathway suggested involvement of this pathway in BPA-mediated inhibition of neurogenesis. Further, blockage of GSK-3β activity by SB415286 and GSK-3β small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated BPA-induced downregulation of neurogenesis. Overall, these results suggest significant inhibitory effects of BPA on NSC proliferation and differentiation in the rat via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Tiwari
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80-MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Agarwal
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80-MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Brashket Seth
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80-MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Anuradha Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80-MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Ratan Singh Ray
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Photobiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80-MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Nath Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80-MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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