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Zhao XJ, Xing TT, Li YF, Jiao BN, Jiang D. Efficient analysis of phytochemical constituents in the peel of Chinese wild citrus Mangshanju (Citrus reticulata
Blanco) by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1947-1959. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Tian Tian Xing
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Bi Ning Jiao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
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Fruits and vegetables, as a source of nutritional compounds and phytochemicals: Changes in bioactive compounds during lactic fermentation. Food Res Int 2018; 104:86-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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de Souza EL, de Albuquerque TMR, Dos Santos AS, Massa NML, de Brito Alves JL. Potential interactions among phenolic compounds and probiotics for mutual boosting of their health-promoting properties and food functionalities - A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1645-1659. [PMID: 29377718 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1425285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several foods are rich sources of phenolic compounds (PC) and their beneficial effects on human health may be increased through the action of probiotics. Additionally, probiotics may use PC as substrates, increasing their survival and functionality. This review presents available studies on the effects of PC on probiotics, including their physiological functionalities, interactions and capability of surviving during exposure to gastrointestinal conditions and when incorporated into food matrices. Studies have shown that PC can improve the adhesion capacity and survival of probiotics during exposure to conditions that mimic the gastrointestinal tract. There is strong evidence that PC can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota in hosts, improving a variety of biochemical markers and risk factors for chronic diseases. Available literature also indicates that metabolites of PC formed by intestinal microorganisms, including probiotics, exert a variety of benefits on host health. These metabolites are typically more active than parental dietary PC. The presence of PC commonly enhances probiotic survival in different foods. Finally, further clinical studies need to be developed to confirm in vitro and experimental findings concerning the beneficial interactions among different PC and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Leite de Souza
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
| | | | - Aldeir Sabino Dos Santos
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
| | - Nayara Moreira Lacerda Massa
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
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Esteban-Fernández A, Zorraquín-Peña I, González de Llano D, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. The role of wine and food polyphenols in oral health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Borges TH, Pereira JA, Cabrera–Vique C, Seiquer I. Study of the antioxidant potential of Arbequina extra virgin olive oils from Brazil and Spain applying combined models of simulated digestion and cell culture markers. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Warner EF, Smith MJ, Zhang Q, Raheem KS, O'Hagan D, O'Connell MA, Kay CD. Signatures of anthocyanin metabolites identified in humans inhibit biomarkers of vascular inflammation in human endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1700053. [PMID: 28457017 PMCID: PMC5600085 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The physiological relevance of contemporary cell culture studies is often perplexing, given the use of unmetabolized phytochemicals at supraphysiological concentrations. We investigated the activity of physiologically relevant anthocyanin metabolite signatures, derived from a previous pharmacokinetics study of 500 mg 13 C5 -cyanidin-3-glucoside in eight healthy participants, on soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Signatures of peak metabolites (previously identified at 1, 6, and 24 h post-bolus) were reproduced using pure standards and effects were investigated across concentrations ten-fold lower and higher than observed mean (<5 μM) serum levels. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated VCAM-1 was reduced in response to all treatments, with maximal effects observed for the 6 and 24 h profiles. Profiles tested at ten-fold below mean serum concentrations (0.19-0.44 μM) remained active. IL-6 was reduced in response to 1, 6, and 24 h profiles, with maximal effects observed for 6 h and 24 h profiles at concentrations above 2 μM. Protein responses were reflected by reductions in VCAM-1 and IL-6 mRNA, however there was no effect on phosphorylated NFκB-p65 expression. CONCLUSION Signatures of anthocyanin metabolites following dietary consumption reduce VCAM-1 and IL-6 production, providing evidence of physiologically relevant biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, Bob Champion Research and Education BuildingUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Michael J. Smith
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, Bob Champion Research and Education BuildingUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Qingzhi Zhang
- School of ChemistryUniversity of St. AndrewsFifeScotlandUK
| | - K. Saki Raheem
- School of ChemistryUniversity of St. AndrewsFifeScotlandUK
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of WestminsterLondonUK
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of ChemistryUniversity of St. AndrewsFifeScotlandUK
| | | | - Colin D. Kay
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, Bob Champion Research and Education BuildingUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health InstituteNorth Carolina State UniversityKannapolisNCUSA
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Pereira-Caro G, Polyviou T, Ludwig IA, Nastase AM, Moreno-Rojas JM, Garcia AL, Malkova D, Crozier A. Bioavailability of orange juice (poly)phenols: the impact of short-term cessation of training by male endurance athletes. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:791-800. [PMID: 28747329 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.149898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical exercise has been reported to increase the bioavailability of citrus flavanones.Objective: We investigated the bioavailability of orange juice (OJ) (poly)phenols in endurance-trained males before and after cessation of training for 7 d.Design: Ten fit, endurance-trained males, with a mean ± SD maximal oxygen consumption of 58.2 ± 5.3 mL · kg-1 · min-1, followed a low (poly)phenol diet for 2 d before drinking 500 mL of OJ containing 398 μmol of (poly)phenols, of which 330 μmol was flavanones. After the volunteers stopped training for 7 d the feeding study was repeated. Urine samples were collected 12 h pre- and 24 h post-OJ consumption. Bioavailability was assessed by the quantitative analysis of urinary flavanone metabolites and (poly)phenol catabolites with the use of high-pressure liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.Results: During training, 0-24-h urinary excretion of flavanone metabolites, mainly hesperetin-3'-O-glucuronide, hesperetin-3'-sulfate, naringenin-4'-O-glucuronide, naringenin-7-O-glucuronide, was equivalent to 4.2% of OJ flavanone intake. This increased significantly to 5.2% when OJ was consumed after the volunteers stopped training for 7 d. Overall, this trend, although not significant, was also observed with OJ-derived colonic catabolites, which, after supplementation in the trained state, were excreted in amounts equivalent to 51% of intake compared with 59% after cessation of training. However, urinary excretion of 3 colonic catabolites of bacterial origin, most notably, 3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)hydracrylic acid, did increase significantly when OJ was consumed postcessation compared with precessation of training. Data were also obtained on interindividual variations in flavanone bioavailability.Conclusions: A 7-d cessation of endurance training enhanced, rather than reduced, the bioavailability of OJ flavanones. The biological significance of these differences and whether they extend to the bioavailability of other dietary (poly)phenols remain to be determined. Hesperetin-3'-O-glucuronide and the colonic microbiota-derived catabolite 3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)hydracrylic acid are key biomarkers of the consumption of hesperetin-O-glycoside-containing OJ and other citrus products. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02627547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Food and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA)-Alameda del Obispo, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Thelma Polyviou
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; and
| | - Ana-Maria Nastase
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Food and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA)-Alameda del Obispo, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ada L Garcia
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dalia Malkova
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom;
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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Stylos E, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Tsiailanis A, Kellici TF, Tsoumani M, Kostagianni AD, Deligianni M, Tselepis AD, Tzakos AG. Tailoring naringenin conjugates with amplified and triple antiplatelet activity profile: Rational design, synthesis, human plasma stability and in vitro evaluation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2609-2618. [PMID: 28844979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current standard-of-care antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease patients is consisted of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor aspirin, along with a platelet receptor P2Y12 antagonist. Recently, the triple antiplatelet therapy with aspirin, a P2Y12 receptor antagonist and a protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) antagonist, has been suggested for the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events, however presented an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, the quest for novel antiplatelet agents simultaneously targeting the three pathways with improved efficacy/safety profile is of immense importance. Flavonoids as pre-validated ligands for numerous targets could serve as scaffolds targeting the three platelet activation pathways. METHODS Computational methods, Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) plasma stability and in vitro platelet aggregation experiments were used to establish the antiplatelet activity of the flavonoid naringenin and its conjugates. RESULTS In silico studies indicated that naringenin could bear a potent triple antiplatelet activity by inhibiting different platelet aggregation mechanisms. However, we found that in human platelets naringenin has diminished activity. We rationally designed and synthesized different naringenin conjugates aiming to amplify the antiplatelet activity of the parent compound. UHPLC-MS/MS revealed a slow degradation rate for a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - naringenin conjugate in human plasma. The antiplatelet profile of the new analogues was evaluated against in vitro platelet aggregation induced by several platelet agonists. CONCLUSIONS The DHA - naringenin hybrid presented triple antiplatelet activity simultaneously targeting PAR-1, P2Y12 and COX-1 platelet activation pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Natural products could offer a rich source for novel bioactives as a powerful alternative to the current combinatorial use of three different antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Stylos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Maria V Chatziathanasiadou
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Antonis Tsiailanis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Tahsin F Kellici
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Maria Tsoumani
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Androniki D Kostagianni
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Maria Deligianni
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Alexandros D Tselepis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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Douglas GL, Voorhies AA. Evidence based selection of probiotic strains to promote astronaut health or alleviate symptoms of illness on long duration spaceflight missions. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:727-737. [PMID: 28760005 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Spaceflight impacts multiple aspects of human physiology, which will require non-invasive countermeasures as mission length and distance from Earth increases and the capability for external medical intervention decreases. Studies on Earth have shown that probiotics have the potential to improve some of the conditions that have manifested during spaceflight, such as gastrointestinal distress, dermatitis, and respiratory infections. The constraints and risks of spaceflight make it imperative that probiotics are carefully selected based on their strain-specific benefits, doses, delivery mechanisms, and relevance to likely crew conditions prior to evaluation in astronauts. This review focuses on probiotics that have been incorporated into healthy human gastrointestinal microbiomes and associated clinically with improvements in inflammatory state or alleviation of symptoms of crew-relevant illness. These studies provide an evidence base for probiotic selection with the greatest potential to support crew health and well-being in spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Douglas
- 1 Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - A A Voorhies
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, 9714 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20876, USA
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60
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Zeng X, Su W, Bai Y, Chen T, Yan Z, Wang J, Su M, Zheng Y, Peng W, Yao H. Urinary metabolite profiling of flavonoids in Chinese volunteers after consumption of orange juice by UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:79-88. [PMID: 28711784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of flavonoids derived from orange juice in Chinese volunteers has not been well investigated. With the ultra-fast liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) system, orange juice-derived flavonoids, as well as metabolites contained in urine collected from healthy Chinese volunteers after consumption of 250mL orange juice, were systematically identified and quantified. Finally, a total of 9 flavonoids and 30 metabolites were detected. Obtained results revealed that flavonoids derived from orange juice underwent extensive phase II metabolism in human, mainly comprising glucuronidation and sulfation. The overall recovery of the primary flavonoid aglycones, i.e., naringenin and hesperetin, were both approximately equivalent 22% of intake, primarily occurred in 4-12h post consumption. Meanwhile, additional 35 phenolic catabolites were identified in urine collected post consumption. However, it is difficult to determine the exact amounts of phenolic catabolites derived from specific flavonoid due to the interference of diets and other flavonoids. This work would be valuable for the clarification of metabolic profiles for flavonoids in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Taobin Chen
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghao Yan
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Zheng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Nieman DC, Ramamoorthy S, Kay CD, Goodman CL, Capps CR, Shue ZL, Heyl N, Grace MH, Lila MA. Influence of Ingesting a Flavonoid-Rich Supplement on the Metabolome and Concentration of Urine Phenolics in Overweight/Obese Women. J Proteome Res 2017. [PMID: 28631923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of ingesting a flavonoid-rich supplement (329 mg/d) on total urine phenolics and shifts in plasma metabolites in overweight/obese female adults using untargeted metabolomics procedures. Participants (N = 103, 18-65 y, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were randomized to flavonoid (F) or placebo (P) groups for 12 weeks with blood and 24 h urine samples collected prestudy and after 4 and 12 weeks in a parallel design. Supplements were prepared as chewable tablets and included vitamin C, wild bilberry fruit extract, green tea leaf extract, quercetin, caffeine, and omega 3 fatty acids. At 4 weeks, urine total phenolics increased 24% in F versus P with similar changes at 12 weeks (interaction effect, P = 0.041). Groups did not differ in markers of inflammation (IL-6, MCP-1, CRP) or oxidative stress (oxLDL, FRAP). Metabolomics data indicated shifts in 63 biochemicals in F versus P with 70% from the lipid and xenobiotics superpathways. The largest fold changes in F were measured for three gut-derived phenolics including 3-methoxycatechol sulfate, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid sulfate, and 1,2,3-benzenetriol sulfate (interaction effects, p ≤ 0.050). This randomized clinical trial of overweight/obese women showed that 12 weeks ingestion of a mixed flavonoid nutrient supplement was associated with a corresponding increase in urine total phenolics and gut-derived phenolic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | | | - Colin D Kay
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Courtney L Goodman
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Christopher R Capps
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Zack L Shue
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Nicole Heyl
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Mary H Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Mary A Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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Kay CD, Pereira-Caro G, Ludwig IA, Clifford MN, Crozier A. Anthocyanins and Flavanones Are More Bioavailable than Previously Perceived: A Review of Recent Evidence. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:155-180. [PMID: 28125348 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-025636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review considers recent investigations on the bioavailability of anthocyanins and flavanones. Both flavonoids are significant dietary components and are considered to be poorly bioavailable, as only low levels of phase II metabolites appear in the circulatory system and are excreted in urine. However, when lower molecular weight phenolic and aromatic ring-fission catabolites, produced primarily by the action of the colonic microbiota, are taken into account, it is evident that anthocyanins and flavanones are much more bioavailable than previously envisaged. The metabolic events to which these flavonoids are subjected as they pass along the gastrointestinal tract and are absorbed into the circulatory system prior to their rapid elimination by renal excretion are highlighted. Studies on the impact of other food components and the probiotic intake on flavonoid bioavailability are summarized, as is the bioactivity of metabolites and catabolites assayed using a variety of in vitro model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Kay
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training, IFAPA, Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Michael N Clifford
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270;
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McDougall GJ, Allwood JW, Pereira-Caro G, Brown EM, Verrall S, Stewart D, Latimer C, McMullan G, Lawther R, O'Connor G, Rowland I, Crozier A, Gill CIR. Novel colon-available triterpenoids identified in raspberry fruits exhibit antigenotoxic activities in vitro. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27613504 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Ileostomy studies provide a unique insight into digestion of food, allowing identification of physiologically relevant dietary phytochemicals and their metabolites important to gut health. We previously reported the consistent increase of components in ileal fluids of ileostomates after consumption of raspberries with use of nontargeted LC-MSn techniques and data deconvolution software highlighting two major unknown components (m/z 355 and 679). METHODS AND RESULTS In-depth LC-MSn analyses suggested that the ileal m/z 355 components were p-coumaroyl glucarates. These compounds have not been identified previously and were confirmed in raspberry extracts after partial purification. The major ileal component with m/z 679 was a glycoside with an aglycone of m/z 517 and was present as two peaks in extracts of whole puree, unseeded puree, and isolated seeds. These components were purified using Sephadex LH20 and C18 SPE units and identified as major, novel raspberry triterpenoid glycosides. This triterpenoid-enriched fraction (100 nM) protected against H2 O2 -induced DNA damage in both colon cancer and normal cell lines and altered expression of cytoprotective genes. CONCLUSION The presence of these novel raspberry triterpenoid components in ileal fluids indicates that they would be colon-available in vivo, so confirmation of their anticancer bioactivities is of key physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J McDougall
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland
| | - J William Allwood
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Postharvest, Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, IFAPA, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emma M Brown
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Susan Verrall
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Derek Stewart
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland.,NIBIO, Norsk Institut for Bioøkonomi, Bodø, Norway
| | - Cheryl Latimer
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Geoff McMullan
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Roger Lawther
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK
| | - Gloria O'Connor
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK
| | - Ian Rowland
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Catabolism of citrus flavanones by the probiotics Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:231-242. [PMID: 27722779 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Orange juice (OJ) flavanones undergo limited absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract and reach the colon where they are transformed by the microbiota prior to absorption. This study investigated the ability of two probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium longum R0175 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus subsp. Rhamnosus NCTC 10302 to catabolise OJ flavanones. METHODS The bacteria were incubated with hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside, naringenin-7-O-rutinoside, hesperetin and naringenin, and the culture medium and intracellular cell extracts were collected at intervals over a 48 h of incubation period. The flavanones and their phenolic acid catabolites were identified and quantified by HPLC-HR-MS. RESULTS Both probiotics were able to subject hesperetin to ring fission yielding 3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid which was subsequently demethylated producing 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and then via successive dehydroxylations converted to 3-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and 3-(phenyl)propionic acid. Incubation of both bacteria with naringenin resulted in its conversion to 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid which underwent dehydroxylation yielding 3-(phenyl)propionic acid. In addition, only L. rhamnosus exhibited rhamnosidase and glucosidase activity and unlike B. longum, which was able to convert hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside and naringenin-7-O-rutinoside to their respective aglycones. The aglycones were then subjected to ring fission and further catabolised in a similar manner to that described above. The flavanones and their catabolites were found in the culture medium but not accumulated in the bacterial cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the enzymatic potential of single strains of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus which may be involved in the colonic catabolism of OJ flavanones in vivo.
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Some Contributions to the Study of Oenological Lactic Acid Bacteria through Their Interaction with Polyphenols. BEVERAGES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages2040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Reciprocal beneficial effects between wine polyphenols and probiotics: an exploratory study. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Pereira-Caro G, Ludwig IA, Polyviou T, Malkova D, García A, Moreno-Rojas JM, Crozier A. Identification of Plasma and Urinary Metabolites and Catabolites Derived from Orange Juice (Poly)phenols: Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5724-5735. [PMID: 27339035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Orange juice is a rich source of (poly)phenols, in particular, the flavanones hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside and naringenin-7-O-rutinoside. Following the acute consumption of 500 mL of orange juice containing 398 μmol of (poly)phenols by 12 volunteers, 0-24 h plasma and urine samples were analyzed by targeted high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry in order to identify flavanone metabolites and phenolic acid and aromatic catabolites. A total of 19 flavanone metabolites-comprising di-O-glucuronide, O-glucuronide, O-glucuronyl-sulfate, and sulfate derivatives of hesperetin, naringenin, and eriodictyol-and 65 microbial-derived phenolic catabolites, such as phenylpropanoid, phenylpropionic, phenylacetic, benzoic, and hydroxycarboxylic acids and benzenetriol and benzoylglycine derivatives, including free phenolics and phase II sulfate, glucuronide, and methyl metabolites, were identified or partially identified in plasma and/or urine samples. The data obtained provide a detailed evaluation of the fate of orange juice (poly)phenols as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract and are absorbed into the circulatory system prior to renal excretion. Potential pathways for these conversions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Pereira-Caro
- Postharvest Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA) Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat de Lleida , 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Thelma Polyviou
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, and School of Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Dalia Malkova
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, and School of Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Ada García
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, and School of Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Postharvest Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA) Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis , Davis, California 95616-5270, United States
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Duque ALRF, Monteiro M, Adorno MAT, Sakamoto IK, Sivieri K. An exploratory study on the influence of orange juice on gut microbiota using a dynamic colonic model. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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70
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Ludwig IA, Mena P, Calani L, Borges G, Pereira-Caro G, Bresciani L, Del Rio D, Lean MEJ, Crozier A. New insights into the bioavailability of red raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:758-69. [PMID: 26475039 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Red raspberries, containing ellagitannins and cyanidin-based anthocyanins, were fed to volunteers and metabolites appearing in plasma and urine were analysed by UHPLC-MS. Anthocyanins were not absorbed to any extent with sub nmol/L concentrations of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and a cyanidin-O-glucuronide appearing transiently in plasma. Anthocyanins excreted in urine corresponded to 0.007% of intake. More substantial amounts of phase II metabolites of ferulic acid and isoferulic acid, along with 4'-hydroxyhippuric acid, potentially originating from pH-mediated degradation of cyanidin in the proximal gastrointestinal tract, appeared in urine and also plasma where peak concentrations were attained 1-1.5h after raspberry intake. Excretion of 18 anthocyanin-derived metabolites corresponded to 15.0% of intake, a figure substantially higher than obtained in other anthocyanin feeding studies. Ellagitannins pass from the small to the large intestine where the colonic microbiota mediate their conversion to urolithins A and B which appeared in plasma and were excreted almost exclusively as sulfate and glucuronide metabolites. The urolithin metabolites persisted in the circulatory system and were excreted in urine for much longer periods of time than the anthocyanin metabolites although their overall urinary recovery was lower at 7.0% of intake. It is events originating in the proximal and distal gastrointestinal tract, and subsequent phase II metabolism, that play an important role in the bioavailability of both anthocyanins and ellagitannins and it is their metabolites which appear in the circulatory system, that are key to elucidating the mode of action(s) underlying the protective effects of these compounds on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iziar A Ludwig
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Pedro Mena
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Calani
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gina Borges
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Postharvest, Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, IFAPA, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; The Need for Nutrition Education/Innovation Programme, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael E J Lean
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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