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Pacios S, Andriankaja O, Kang J, Alnammary M, Bae J, de Brito Bezerra B, Schreiner H, Fine DH, Graves DT. Bacterial infection increases periodontal bone loss in diabetic rats through enhanced apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1928-1935. [PMID: 24113454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is the most common osteolytic disease in humans and is significantly increased by diabetes mellitus. We tested the hypothesis that bacterial infection induces bone loss in diabetic animals through a mechanism that involves enhanced apoptosis. Type II diabetic rats were inoculated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and treated with a caspase-3 inhibitor, ZDEVD-FMK, or vehicle alone. Apoptotic cells were measured with TUNEL; osteoblasts and bone area were measured in H&E sections. New bone formation was assessed by labeling with fluorescent dyes and by osteocalcin mRNA levels. Osteoclast number, eroded bone surface, and new bone formation were measured by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed with an antibody against tumor necrosis factor-α. Bacterial infection doubled the number of tumor necrosis factor-α-expressing cells and increased apoptotic cells adjacent to bone 10-fold (P < 0.05). Treatment with caspase inhibitor blocked apoptosis, increased the number of osteoclasts, and eroded bone surface (P < 0.05); yet, inhibition of apoptosis resulted in significantly greater net bone area because of an increase in new bone formation, osteoblast numbers, and an increase in bone coupling. Thus, bacterial infection in diabetic rats stimulates periodontitis, in part through enhanced apoptosis of osteoblastic cells that reduces osseous coupling through a caspase-3-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pacios
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Oelisoa Andriankaja
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Maher Alnammary
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason Bae
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Beatriz de Brito Bezerra
- Prosthodontics and Periodontics Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Helen Schreiner
- Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Daniel H Fine
- Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Lin Z, Fateh A, Salem DM, Intini G. Periosteum: biology and applications in craniofacial bone regeneration. J Dent Res 2013; 93:109-16. [PMID: 24088412 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513506445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone-regenerative potentials of the periosteum have been explored as early as the 17th century. Over the past few years, however, much has been discovered in terms of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control the periosteal contribution to bone regeneration. Lineage tracing analyses and knock-in transgenic mice have helped define the relative contributions of the periosteum and endosteum to bone regeneration. Additional studies have shed light on the critical roles that BMP, FGF, Hedgehog, Notch, PDGF, Wnt, and inflammation signaling have or may have in periosteal-mediated bone regeneration, fostering the path to novel approaches in bone-regenerative therapy. Thus, by examining the role that each pathway has in periosteal-mediated bone regeneration, in this review we analyze the status of the current research on the regenerative potential of the periosteum. The provided analysis aims to inform both clinician-scientists who may have interest in the current studies about the biology of the periosteum as well as dental surgeons who may find this review useful to perform periosteal-harnessing bone-regenerative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lin
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, REB 403, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zhao YP, Tian QY, Frenkel S, Liu CJ. The promotion of bone healing by progranulin, a downstream molecule of BMP-2, through interacting with TNF/TNFR signaling. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6412-21. [PMID: 23746860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification plays a key role in the bone healing process, which requires normal cartilage callus formation. Progranulin (PGRN) growth factor is known to enhance chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral ossification during development, yet whether PGRN also plays a role in bone regeneration remains unknown. In this study we established surgically-induced bone defect and ectopic bone formation models based on genetically-modified mice. Thereafter, the bone healing process of those mice was analyzed through radiological assays including X-ray and micro CT, and morphological analysis including histology and immunohistochemistry. PGRN deficiency delayed bone healing, while recombinant PGRN enhanced bone regeneration. Moreover, PGRN was required for BMP-2 induction of osteoblastogenesis and ectopic bone formation. Furthermore, the role of PGRN in bone repair was mediated, at least in part, through interacting with TNF-α signaling pathway. PGRN-mediated bone formation depends on TNFR2 but not TNFR1, as PGRN promoted bone regeneration in deficiency of TNFR1 but lost such effect in TNFR2 deficient mice. PGRN blocked TNF-α-induced inflammatory osteoclastogenesis and protected BMP-2-mediated ectopic bone formation in TNF-α transgenic mice. Collectively, PGRN acts as a critical mediator of the bone healing process by constituting an interplay network with BMP-2 and TNF-α signaling, and this represents a potential molecular target for treatment of fractures, especially under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-peng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10003, USA
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BMP2 expression in chondrocytes is essential for early fracture healing. BONEKEY REPORTS 2013; 2:287. [PMID: 24422047 PMCID: PMC3722726 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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