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Yuan Y, Macquarrie D. Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 129:101-7. [PMID: 26050894 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) were evaluated and optimal fucoidan yield was 16.08%, obtained from 120°C for 15 min's extraction. Compositional analysis, GPC, HPAEC and IR analysis were employed for characterization of extracted sulfated polysaccharides. Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. All fucoidans exhibited antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH scavenging and reducing power, among which fucoidan extracted at 90°C was highest. This study shows that MAE is an efficient technology to extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed and Ascophyllum nodosum could potentially be a resource for natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - Duncan Macquarrie
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK.
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Shao P, Liu J, Chen X, Fang Z, Sun P. Structural features and antitumor activity of a purified polysaccharide extracted from Sargassum horneri. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 73:124-30. [PMID: 25450044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide fraction (SHPSA) was obtained from Sargassum horneri by hot-water extraction and sequential purification of anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. SHPSA was found to be a neutral polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 5.78×10(5) Da and composed of T-D-Glcp, 1,3-D-Glcp, 1,6-D-Glcp and 1,3,6-D-Glcp in a molar percentage of 1.00:4.17:1.17:0.89, respectively. Based on the results from chemical analysis, NMR, and SHPSA was determined to be a glucan with β-(1→6) side chains linked to a β-(1→3) backbone with relatively few branch points. Moreover, SHPSA could inhibit the growth of human colon cancer DLD cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing the apoptosis of DLD cells. So, SHPSA was promising for future use as a natural antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845 WA, Australia
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
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Zhang L, Tu ZC, Wang H, Kou Y, Wen QH, Fu ZF, Chang HX. Response surface optimization and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from Nelumbo nucifera leaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 74:103-10. [PMID: 25475842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM)-assisted extraction (DHPMAE) of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves polysaccharides (LLPs) was optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions were: liquid/solid ratio of 35:1 (v/m, mL/g), processing pressure of 180 MPa, processed two times, extraction temperature of 76°C, extraction time of 50 min. Under the optimal extraction conditions, DHPMAE produced a higher polysaccharides yield (6.31%) than leaching (2.95%). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that DHPM could reduce the particles size and make the surface more unconsolidated. The LLPs prepared by both methods showed similar FT-IR spectrum, and were consisted of the same monosaccharides, including rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose. The content of each monosaccharide in extracts, however, was quite different. The average molecular weight of LLPs prepared by DHPMAE is 550 kDa, smaller than 578 kDa obtained by leaching. The LLPs prepared by DHPMAE exhibited stronger DPPH scavenging ability (IC50 value of 0.38 mg/mL), HO scavenging ability (IC50 value of 0.61 mg/mL) and reducing power. Therefore, DHPMAE can be a promising alternative to traditional extraction techniques for polysaccharides from plants, and lotus leaves might be a potential resource of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zong-cai Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Yu Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Qing-hui Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zhi-feng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hai-xia Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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The Metabolism of Polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and Its Effect on Intestinal Microflora. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:926381. [PMID: 25505927 PMCID: PMC4258363 DOI: 10.1155/2014/926381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An active polysaccharide from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAM) was identified to improve and adjust disordered intestinal flora. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to identify the components of PAM as rhamnose, glucose, mannose, xylose, and galactose at a ratio of 0.03 : 0.25 : 0.15 : 0.41 : 0.15. PAM metabolized in gastrointestinal tract when incubated with artificial gastric and intestinal juices. Anaerobic incubation of PAM on intestinal flora confirmed that PAM promoted the ability of intestinal bacteria to digest reducing sugar. Based on the Shannon index and similarity coefficient index of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) fingerprinting of the total intestinal bacteria DNA, we concluded that PAM can significantly improve disordered intestinal flora and may be used as an oral adjuvant to regulate intestinal flora.
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Shao P, Chen X, Sun P. Chemical characterization, antioxidant and antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 105:260-9. [PMID: 24708979 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Three water-soluble polysaccharide fractions (SHP30, SHP60, and SHP80) extracted from the Sargassum horneri were obtained by water extraction and radial flow chromatography. The high-performance gel-permeation chromatography analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of three polysaccharides were approximately 1.58×10(3), 1.92×10(3) and 11.2KDa, respectively. Their in vitro antioxidant activities, antitumor activities were investigated and compared. Among these three polysaccharides, SHP30 with the highest sulfate content and intermediate molecular weight exhibited excellent antioxidant and antitumor activities in the superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, reducing power assay, and MTT assay. Then, flow cytometry assay and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis suggested that the accumulation of cells in G0/G1 and S phase effecting apoptosis-associated gene expressions such as Bcl-2 and Bax might account for the growth inhibition of DLD cells by SHP30. Based on these results, we have inferred that sulfate content and molecular weight were the factors influencing antioxidant and antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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Effects of partial desulfation on antioxidant and inhibition of DLD cancer cell of Ulva fasciata polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:307-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Piatkivskyi A, Pyatkivskyy Y, Hurt M, Ryzhov V. Utilisation of gas-phase ion-molecule reactions for differentiation between phospho- and sulfocarbohydrates. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2014; 20:177-183. [PMID: 24895778 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of four boron-containing neutrals were explored as a means for differentiation between isobaric phospho- and sulfocarbohydrates. Phosphorylation and sulfation impose an addition of 80 Da to the molecular mass, so for low-resolution mass spectrometers compounds that have such modifications will appear at the same nominal mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio. However, the ions of these isobaric species behave differently in ion-molecule reactions. All four evaluated neutral molecules [trimethyl borate (TMB), triethyl borate (TEB), diethylmethoxyborane (DEMB) and diisopropoxymethylborane (DIPMB)] proved to be reactive towards phosphorylated sugars and unreactive towards sulfated carbohydrates. In addition, TMB and TEB were found suitable for distinguishing positional isomers of phosphorylated carbohydrates, while reactions with DEMB and DIPMB were successful in differentiating phosphorylated, sulfated and unmodified deprotonated sugars. Similar reactions in the positive ion mode (alkali cationised) were found to be less conclusive.
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Xu C, Yang C, Mao D. Fraction and chemical analysis of antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:66-9. [PMID: 24696548 PMCID: PMC3969661 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.126664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysaccharides were isolated from the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water. The purified polysaccharides were analyzed by GC-MS, FT-IR, and TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis). The antioxidant activities of purified polysaccharides were evaluated in vitro. RESULTS Two polysaccharides (Fr-I and Fr-II) were isolated and purified. The analysis of monosaccharide composition in the polysaccharide by GC/MS revealed that Fr-I and Fr-II were heteropolysaccharides. Fr-I consisted of D-mannose and galactose, ribose and arabinose, while Fr-II was mainly composed of glucose, allose, galactose and mannose. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) was higher than that of Fr-II (220 °C). Both samples showed inhibitory effects on OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical in a concentration-dependent manner. Comparing Fr-I with Fr-II, the latter has a strong scavenging ability. CONCLUSION Both polysaccharide fractions showed significant antioxidant effects. Various factors influenced the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Xu
- Department of Tobacco Engineering, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Department of Tobacco Engineering, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Duobin Mao
- Department of Tobacco Engineering, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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Rana V, Das MK, Gogoi S, Kumar V. Multifunctional properties of polysaccharides from Dalbergia sissoo, Tectona grandis and Mimosa diplotricha. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 102:341-50. [PMID: 24507290 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Three water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated and purified from the leaves of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (DSLP), bark of Tectona grandis L. f (TGBP) and seeds of Mimosa diplotricha var. diplotricha Sauvalle (MDSP). Antioxidant and moisture preserving activities of these three polysaccharides were investigated using in vitro methods. The antioxidant activities studied include superoxide (O2(*-)), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(*+)), hydroxyl (OH(-)), nitric oxide (NO*), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD(+)) radical scavenging activities, ferric ion (Fe(3+)) reducing ability, ferrous ion (Fe(2+)) chelating and lipid peroxidation activities. The study revealed higher activity of TGBP in all antioxidant assays than DSLP and MDSP. Further, the three polysaccharides showed effective moisture retention properties in comparison with hyaluronic acid and glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Rana
- Bio-prospecting & Indigenous Knowledge Division, Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat 785010, Assam, India.
| | - Manuj K Das
- Bio-prospecting & Indigenous Knowledge Division, Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat 785010, Assam, India
| | - Satyabrat Gogoi
- Bio-prospecting & Indigenous Knowledge Division, Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat 785010, Assam, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Chemistry Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248006, Uttarakhand, India
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Shao P, Chen X, Sun P. In vitro antioxidant and antitumor activities of different sulfated polysaccharides isolated from three algae. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:155-61. [PMID: 23994786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Three sulfated polysaccharides(Ulva fasciata (UFP), Gloiopeltis furcata (GFP), Sargassum henslouianum (SHP))were isolated from three algae including green alga Ulva fasciata, red alga Gloiopeltis furcata and brown alga Sargassum henslouianum by ultrasonic extraction and radial flow chromatography. Their in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activities were investigated and compared. Among these three polysaccharides, UFP, with relatively lower sulfate content, exhibited excellent antioxidant activities in superoxide radical assay, ABTS assay and DPPH assay; however, it demonstrated the minimal inhibitory effects on growth of MKN45 gastric cancer cells and DLD intestinal cancer cells. SHP with the lowest sulfate content gained relatively lower radical scavenging rates but showed significantly higher antitumor activities. These results indicated that the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of the three polysaccharides may be related to combined effects of sulfate content and uronic acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang Hangzhou 310014, PR, China
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Liu X, Hu Y, Wei D. Optimization of enzyme-based ultrasonic/microwave-assisted extraction and evaluation of antioxidant activity of orcinol glucoside from the rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress resulting from excessive reactive oxygen/nitrogen/electrophilic species (ROS/RNS/RES) can lead to diseases such as cancer. The health benefits of dietary fruits and vegetables with antioxidant potential have received a great deal of attention. On the other hand, marine botanicals have been less well characterized and still remain as terra incognita. RECENT ADVANCES In some parts of the world, appreciable quantities of seaweeds are consumed on a daily basis. Along with current globalization, cuisines using seaweeds are now being used throughout the world, sometimes considered as healthy delicacies. Thus, it is relevant to explore the medicinal and pharmacological properties of seaweeds, as well as the health ramifications of this dietary practice. CRITICAL ISSUES We currently review the antioxidant potential of seaweed components such as sulfated polysaccharides, phenolic compounds (phlorotannins and bromophenols), and fucoxanthins. In addition to seaweeds, the chemistry and antioxidant activities of some marine fungi and bacteria are described. Since antioxidants are considered promising cancer chemopreventive agents, the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical aspects of antioxidant marine products are presented, and potential implications are discussed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Although some data suggest that health benefits are derived from the consumption of marine natural products, further epidemiological or clinical studies are needed to strengthen these observations. In addition, many studies have demonstrated the antioxidant effects of seaweeds with in vitro models, but further characterization of bioavailability is necessary to suggest the significance of these responses. It is also important to define the safety of some seaweeds containing inorganic arsenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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Chen Y, Hu M, Wang C, Yang Y, Chen J, Ding J, Guo W. Characterization and in vitro antitumor activity of polysaccharides from the mycelium of Sarcodon aspratus. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 52:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Stability and antioxidant activity of gossypol derivative immobilized on N-polyvinylpyrrolidone. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:908-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Seaweeds, being prolific sources of bioactive components have garnered
unprecedented interest in recent times. The complex polysaccharides from the brown,
red and green seaweeds possess broad spectrum therapeutic properties. Especially,
the sulfated polysaccharides, viz. fucans,
carrageenans and ulvans have exhibited strong antioxidant, antitumor,
immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, pulmonary fibrosis
anticoagulant/antithrombotic, lipid lowering, antiviral, antibacterial,
antiprotozoan, hyperplasia prevention, gastrointestinal, regenerative and nano
medicine applications. Considering the immense biomedical prospects of sulfated
polysaccharides, the profound and emerging functional properties published in recent
times will be discussed here with experimental evidences. The limitations of the
seaweed-derived sulfated polysaccharides in healthcare will be summarized.
Strategies to maximize extraction and bioavailability will be pondered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144402 Punjab India
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