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García MC, Carmona JA, Santos J, Alfaro MC, Muñoz J. Effect of temperature and shear on the microstructure of a microbial polysaccharide secreted by Sphingomonas species in aqueous solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:2071-2075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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52
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Chatterjee S, Mukhopadhyay SK, Gauri SS, Dey S. Sphingobactan, a new α-mannan exopolysaccharide from Arctic Sphingobacterium sp. IITKGP-BTPF3 capable of biological response modification. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 60:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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53
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A comprehensive review of polysaccharide biopolymers for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) from flask to field. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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54
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Martin MJ, Trujillo LA, Garcia MC, Alfaro MC, Muñoz J. Effect of emulsifier HLB and stabilizer addition on the physical stability of thyme essential oil emulsions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2018.1459677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jose Martin
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis A. Trujillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Garcia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Alfaro
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Muñoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Characterization of an exopolysaccharide with distinct rheological properties from Paenibacillus edaphicus NUST16. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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56
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Wu M, Shi Z, Huang H, Qu J, Dai X, Tian X, Wei W, Li G, Ma T. Network structure and functional properties of transparent hydrogel sanxan produced by Sphingomonas sanxanigenens NX02. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 176:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Two-step economical welan gum production by Sphingomonas sp. HT-1 from sugar industrial by-products. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 181:412-418. [PMID: 29253990 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A two-step fermentation strategy using glucose mother liquor (GML) for cell growth and xylose mother liquor (XML) for welan gum synthesis was used to alleviate uneconomic welan gum fermentation. This study revealed: (1) optimal initial GML concentration was 11.7g/L (10g/L sugars contained); (2) optimal XML feeding strategy was pseudo-exponential fed-batch and feeding time was 12thh-54thh, amounting to 25.7g/L XML (20g/L sugars contained); and (3) in a 7.5-L bioreactor, welan gum concentration was 22.68±0.50g/L and its yield reached 0.756g/g sugars with trace residual sugars. Compared with the cost of batch fermentation using glucose as sole carbon source, the final carbon source costs decreased by 61.40% and the welan gum yield increased by 50%. GML and XML can be used as inexpensive carbon sources for welan gum production with higher yield, giving them industrial application potential to produce value-added chemicals.
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Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050814. [PMID: 28509876 PMCID: PMC6153930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. The optimal combination of fermentation medium compositions on EPS production was studied. In this work, a fractional factorial design was adopted to investigate the significant factors that affected EPS production. The factors of KCl and MgSO4 were found to have a profound impact on EPS production. We utilized central composite design and response surface methodology to derive a statistical model for optimizing the submerged culture medium composition. Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO4 (initial pH 7.0). The maximal EPS was 48.01 g/L, which is close to the predicted value (50.39 g/L). In the validation experiment, the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs was obtained after 120 h under the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor. EPS from this bacterium was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR). The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments.
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Osmałek T, Milanowski B, Froelich A, Szybowicz M, Białowąs W, Kapela M, Gadziński P, Ancukiewicz K. Design and characteristics of gellan gum beads for modified release of meloxicam. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1314-1329. [PMID: 28420283 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1318896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the presented work was to design, formulate and evaluate the properties of low-acyl gellan macro beads with the potential application as carriers for oral delivery of meloxicam (MLX) in the prophylaxis of colorectal cancer. The beads were obtained by means of ionotropic gelation technique. Calcium chloride (1.0%, 9.0 × 10-2 M) was used as the cross-linking agent. Nine different polymer, drug and surfactant (Tween®80) mixtures were used for production of the beads. The quantitative compositions of the mixtures were generated with the application of the Design of Experiments (DoE) modulus from the STATISTICA Software. The prepared formulations revealed 7.2-27.0% of drug loading and 29.2-50.7% drug encapsulation efficiency. It turned out that 0.5% amount of gellan gum in the mixtures was not sufficient to obtain spherical beads. The morphology and surface of the dried beads were analyzed by SEM. Raman spectra confirmed that MLX did not undergo structural changes during production of the beads. The swelling behavior and degradation of the beads were evaluated in three simulated gastrointestinal fluids at different pH (1.2; 4.5; 6.8). The MLX in vitro release studies were conducted on USP apparatus IV, working in the open loop mode. The obtained results showed that MLX release from the dried beads was pH-dependent. The formulations obtained from mixtures containing 1.0 and 1.5% of gellan may be considered as oral dosage forms for MLX, intended to omit the stomach and release the drug in the distal parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Osmałek
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Milanowski
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Anna Froelich
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Mirosław Szybowicz
- b Faculty of Technical Physics , Poznan University of Technology , Poznań , Poland
| | - Wojciech Białowąs
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Marcin Kapela
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Piotr Gadziński
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ancukiewicz
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
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60
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The evolutionary life cycle of the polysaccharide biosynthetic gene cluster based on the Sphingomonadaceae. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46484. [PMID: 28429731 PMCID: PMC5399355 DOI: 10.1038/srep46484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although clustering of genes from the same metabolic pathway is a widespread phenomenon, the evolution of the polysaccharide biosynthetic gene cluster remains poorly understood. To determine the evolution of this pathway, we identified a scattered production pathway of the polysaccharide sanxan by Sphingomonas sanxanigenens NX02, and compared the distribution of genes between sphingan-producing and other Sphingomonadaceae strains. This allowed us to determine how the scattered sanxan pathway developed, and how the polysaccharide gene cluster evolved. Our findings suggested that the evolution of microbial polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters is a lengthy cyclic process comprising cluster 1 → scatter → cluster 2. The sanxan biosynthetic pathway proved the existence of a dispersive process. We also report the complete genome sequence of NX02, in which we identified many unstable genetic elements and powerful secretion systems. Furthermore, nine enzymes for the formation of activated precursors, four glycosyltransferases, four acyltransferases, and four polymerization and export proteins were identified. These genes were scattered in the NX02 genome, and the positive regulator SpnA of sphingans synthesis could not regulate sanxan production. Finally, we concluded that the evolution of the sanxan pathway was independent. NX02 evolved naturally as a polysaccharide producing strain over a long-time evolution involving gene acquisitions and adaptive mutations.
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61
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Different nitrogen sources change the transcriptome of welan gum-producing strain Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:1055-1064. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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62
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Bioconversion of Welan Gum from Kitchen Waste by a Two-Step Enzymatic Hydrolysis Pretreatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:820-832. [PMID: 28365855 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Kitchen waste (KW) is a worldwide issue, which can lead to environment pollution. Nevertheless, it is also a low-cost and sustainable resource for bio-production. Meanwhile, welan gum (WG) is one kind of the most important exopolysaccharide but with high material cost. The aim of this study was to adopt two-step enzymatic hydrolysis to improve the release and recovery of both sugar and protein in KW for subsequent WG production. As the results, the recovery rates of sugar and protein reached 81.07 and 77.38%, which were both satisfactory. After the conditions optimized in flasks, the welan fermentation was conducted in a 5-L fermentor, and the WG yield, utilization rates of reducing sugar and KDN, respectively, reached 5.57 g L-1, 94.25% and 61.96%. Moreover, the kinetic analyses demonstrated that the WG fermentation in KWH was a partly growth-associated process. The KW was successfully treated by fermentation for the bioconversion to WG.
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63
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Yu L, Xu X, Zhou J, Lv G, Chen J. Chain conformation and rheological behavior of exopolysaccharide from Bacillus mucilaginosus SM-01. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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64
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Xu X, Nie Z, Zheng Z, Zhu L, Zhan X. Production and Rheological Properties of Welan Gum Produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555 with Different Nitrogen Sources. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:55-63. [PMID: 28092912 DOI: 10.1159/000452835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of nitrogen sources on the production and rheological properties of welan gum produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555. Six different nitrogen sources were used for ATCC 31555 fermentation, and 2 of these were further analyzed due to their more positive influence on welan gum production and bacterial biomass. Bacterial biomass, welan gum yield, welan viscosity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, acyl content, and welan structure were analyzed. Welan gum production and the biomass concentration of ATCC 31555 were higher in media containing NaNO3 and beef extract. Welan viscosity decreased at higher temperatures of 30-90°C, and it increased with a higher welan concentration. In the media containing NaNO3 (3 g·L-1), welan viscosity was higher at 30-70°C and a welan solution concentration of 6-10 g·L-1. With a reduced NaNO3 concentration, the molecular weight of welan gum and the molar ratio of mannose decreased, but the molar ratio of glucuronic acid increased. With different nitrogen sources, the acetyl content of welan gum differed but its structure was similar. NaNO3 and beef extract facilitated welan production. A reduced NaNO3 concentration promoted welan viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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65
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Enhancement of welan gum production in Sphingomonas sp. HT-1 via heterologous expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 156:135-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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66
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Li H, Jiao X, Sun Y, Sun S, Feng Z, Zhou W, Zhu H. The preparation and characterization of a novel sphingan WL from marine Sphingomonas sp. WG. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37899. [PMID: 27883073 PMCID: PMC5121650 DOI: 10.1038/srep37899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingans, a group of structurally closely related bacterial exopolysaccharides produced by members of the genus Sphingomonas, can be applied in a variety of industries such as food, cement, and personal care applications due to their high viscosity. A high sphingan-producing-bacterium, Sphingomonas sp. WG can secret large quantity of sphingan designated as WL. To enhance the production of WL, a three-stage control strategy was applied and the highest WL production can reach 33.3 g/L. The rheological analysis showed that the aqueous solution of WL had high viscosity, typical shearing-thinning behavior and great stability to high temperature, a wide range of pH (1 to 14), and high salinity. WL was composed principally of carbohydrate with 6.52% O-acyl groups. The carbohydrate portion of WL contained about 13% glucuronic acid and some neutral sugars including mannose, glucose and rhamnose in the molar ratio of 1:2.28:2.12. Partial acid hydrolysis of WL produced a new oligosaccharide WL-1. Structural resolution revealed that WL-1 consisted of α-L-Rha-(1→4)-β-L-Rha-(1→4)-β-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-D-Glc with β-D-Man substituent at the third glucose residue and carboxyl and O-acyl groups. These findings will broaden the applications of this novel sphingan in food, ink, oil and other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Jiao
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajie Sun
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Sun
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimei Feng
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanlong Zhou
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhu
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
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68
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Trujillo-Cayado L, Alfaro M, Raymundo A, Sousa I, Muñoz J. Rheological behavior of aqueous dispersions containing blends of rhamsan and welan polysaccharides with an eco-friendly surfactant. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:430-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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69
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Trujillo-Cayado L, Alfaro M, Muñoz J, Raymundo A, Sousa I. Development and rheological properties of ecological emulsions formulated with a biosolvent and two microbial polysaccharides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:53-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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70
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Wu M, Li G, Huang H, Chen S, Luo Y, Zhang W, Li K, Zhou J, Ma T. The simultaneous production of sphingan Ss and poly(R-3-hydroxybutyrate) in Sphingomonas sanxanigenens NX02. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:361-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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71
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Ates O. Systems Biology of Microbial Exopolysaccharides Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:200. [PMID: 26734603 PMCID: PMC4683990 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by diverse group of microbial systems are rapidly emerging as new and industrially important biomaterials. Due to their unique and complex chemical structures and many interesting physicochemical and rheological properties with novel functionality, the microbial EPSs find wide range of commercial applications in various fields of the economy such as food, feed, packaging, chemical, textile, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine. EPSs are mainly associated with high-value applications, and they have received considerable research attention over recent decades with their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and both environmental and human compatibility. However, only a few microbial EPSs have achieved to be used commercially due to their high production costs. The emerging need to overcome economic hurdles and the increasing significance of microbial EPSs in industrial and medical biotechnology call for the elucidation of the interrelations between metabolic pathways and EPS biosynthesis mechanism in order to control and hence enhance its microbial productivity. Moreover, a better understanding of biosynthesis mechanism is a significant issue for improvement of product quality and properties and also for the design of novel strains. Therefore, a systems-based approach constitutes an important step toward understanding the interplay between metabolism and EPS biosynthesis and further enhances its metabolic performance for industrial application. In this review, primarily the microbial EPSs, their biosynthesis mechanism, and important factors for their production will be discussed. After this brief introduction, recent literature on the application of omics technologies and systems biology tools for the improvement of production yields will be critically evaluated. Special focus will be given to EPSs with high market value such as xanthan, levan, pullulan, and dextran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ates
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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72
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Liu Y, Gu Q, Ofosu FK, Yu X. Isolation and characterization of curdlan produced by Agrobacterium HX1126 using α-lactose as substrate. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:498-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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73
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Ai H, Liu M, Yu P, Zhang S, Suo Y, Luo P, Li S, Wang J. Improved welan gum production by Alcaligenes sp. ATCC31555 from pretreated cane molasses. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 129:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Das N, Tripathi N, Basu S, Bose C, Maitra S, Khurana S. Progress in the development of gelling agents for improved culturability of microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:698. [PMID: 26257708 PMCID: PMC4511835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelling agents are required for formulating both solid and semisolid media, vital for the isolation of microorganisms. Gelatin was the first gelling agent to be discovered but it soon paved the way for agar, which has far superior material qualities. Source depletion, issues with polymerase-chain-reaction and inability to sustain extermophiles etc., necessitate the need of other gelling agents. Many new gelling agents, such as xantham gum, gellan gum, carrageenan, isubgol, and guar gum have been formulated, raising the hopes for the growth of previously unculturable microorganisms. We evaluate the progress in the development of gelling agents, with the hope that our synthesis would help accelerate research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabajit Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataKolkata, India
| | - Naveen Tripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataKolkata, India
| | - Srijoni Basu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataKolkata, India
| | - Chandra Bose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataKolkata, India
| | - Susmit Maitra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology UniversityBhubaneswar, India
| | - Sukant Khurana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataKolkata, India
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75
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Roca C, Alves VD, Freitas F, Reis MAM. Exopolysaccharides enriched in rare sugars: bacterial sources, production, and applications. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:288. [PMID: 25914689 PMCID: PMC4392319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), produced by a wide range of bacteria, are high molecular weight biopolymers, presenting an extreme diversity in terms of chemical structure and composition. They may be used in many applications, depending on their chemical and physical properties. A rather unexplored aspect is the presence of rare sugars in the composition of some EPS. Rare sugars, such as rhamnose or fucose, may provide EPS with additional biological properties compared to those composed of more common sugar monomers. This review gives a brief overview of these specific EPS and their producing bacteria. Cultivation conditions are summarized, demonstrating their impact on the EPS composition, together with downstream processing. Finally, their use in different areas, including cosmetics, food products, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical applications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Roca
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vitor D Alves
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria A M Reis
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica, Portugal
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Characterization of haloglycan, an exopolysaccharide produced by Halomonas stenophila HK30. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:117-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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77
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A comparison of genes involved in sphingan biosynthesis brought up to date. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7719-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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