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Periasamy H, Iswarya S, Pavithra N, Senthilnathan S, Gnanamani A. In vitro antibacterial activity of plumbagin isolated from Plumbago zeylanica L. against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:41-49. [PMID: 31044446 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinone) is a bicyclic naphthoquinone, found in three major plant families viz. Plumbaginaceae, Ebenceae and Droseraceae. The phytochemical is reported to exhibit various pharmacological properties. In this study, plumbagin isolated from Plumbago zeylanica L. was investigated for its in vitro activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Against 100 MRSA isolates that included multi-drug-resistant phenotypes, plumbagin showed consistent activity with a narrow minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 4-8 μg ml-1 . The time-kill study revealed 99% kill of a reference MRSA strain, 8 h after exposure to plumbagin. In the combination MIC study using the reference MRSA strain, plumbagin showed synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin and piperacillin while additive or indifference effect with other commonly used antibiotics. The transmission electron micrograph of the reference MRSA strain treated with plumbagin confirmed cell wall and cytoplasmic changes. Our results demonstrated potent anti-MRSA activity of plumbagin which was not impacted by multi-drug resistance. This is a first ever study that evaluated in vitro anti-MRSA activity of plumbagin employing large number of MRSA isolates. The findings of this study support the need for the further investigation on this phytochemical agent for therapeutic application. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study revealed phytochemical plumbagin's potent and consistent in vitro antibacterial activity against clinically problematic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) including multi-drug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. The study results support further research to assess the clinical scope of plumbagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Periasamy
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - S Iswarya
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - N Pavithra
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - S Senthilnathan
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India.,The CHILDS Trust Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - A Gnanamani
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
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Beigmohamadi M, Movafeghi A, Sharafi A, Jafari S, Danafar H. Cell Suspension Culture of Plumbago europaea L. Towards Production of Plumbagin. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 17:e2169. [PMID: 31457059 PMCID: PMC6697843 DOI: 10.21859/ijb.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plumbagin is as an important bioactive secondary metabolite found in the roots of Plumbago spp. The only one species, Plumbago europaea L., grows wild in Iran. The therapeutic use of plumbagin is limited due to its insufficient supply from the natural sources as the plants grow slowly and take several years to produce quality roots. OBJECTIVES To develop an efficient protocol for the establishment of callus and cell suspension cultures of P. europaea and to evaluate production of plumbagin in callus and cell suspension cultures of P. europaea for the first time. MATERIAL AND METHODS Stems and leaves explants were cultured on agar solidified (7% w/v) MS media, supplemented with different combination of 2, 4-D and Kin or 6-Benzylaminopurin (BA) for callus induction. The rapid growing calli were cultured in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) media in agitated condition for establishing cell suspension cultures of P. europaea. Moreover, the effects of light and dark conditions on the cell growth, cell viability and plumbagin production in cell suspension cultures of P. europaea were assessed. RESULTS Friable calli were successfully induced using stem segments of P. europaea in semisolid MS medium supplemented with 1 mg.L-1 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.5 mg.L-1of kinetin (Kin). Optimal cell growth was obtained when the cells were grown in MS liquid media supplemented with 1 mg.L-1 2, 4-D and 0.5 mg.L-1 kinetin with an initial cell density of ~3×105 cells per ml incubated in the dark at 25 ± 1 °C. Growth curve revealed that the maximum cell growth rate (14.83×105 cells per ml) achieved on the day 18 and the highest plumbagin content (0.9 mg.g-1 Dry Cell Weight (DCW)) in the cells was obtained at the late exponential phase under dark condition which determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique. Based on the obtained results, cell viability remained around 82.73% during the 18 days of cell culture in darkness. These suspension cultures showed continuous and stable production of plumbagin. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that cell suspension cultures of P. europaea represent an effective system for biosynthesis and production of plumbagin as a valuable bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Movafeghi
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samineh Jafari
- Pharmacognosy Department, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Danafar
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Suresh MK, Biswas R, Biswas L. An update on recent developments in the prevention and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Chaudhari AA, Joshi S, Vig K, Sahu R, Dixit S, Baganizi R, Dennis VA, Singh SR, Pillai S. A three-dimensional human skin model to evaluate the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial peptide-functionalized silver carbon nanotubes. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:924-934. [PMID: 30472917 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218814984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the toxicity and antibacterial application of antimicrobial peptide-functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes against Staphylococcus infection using a full thickness human three-dimensional skin model. Materials and methods The three-dimensional skin formation on the scaffolds was characterized by electron microscopy and investigation of several skin cell markers by real time–reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes were prepared using carboxylated silver-coated carbon nanotubes with antimicrobial peptides such as TP359, TP226 and TP557. Following the characterization and toxicity evaluation, the antibacterial activity of functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes against Staphylococcus aureus was investigated using a bacterial enumeration assay and scanning electron microscopy. For this purpose, a scar on the human three-dimensional skin grown on Alvetex scaffold using keratinocytes and fibroblasts cells was created by taking precaution not to break the scaffold beneath, followed by incubation with 5 µg/mL of functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes re-suspended in minimum essential medium for 2 h. Post 2-h incubation, 200 µL of minimum essential medium containing 1 × 104 colony forming units of Staphylococcus aureus were incubated for 2 h. After incubation with bacteria, the colony forming unit/gram (cfu/g) of skin tissue were counted using the plate count assay and the samples were processed for scanning electron microscopy analysis. Results MTT assay revealed no toxicity of functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes to the skin cells such as keratinocytes and fibroblasts at 5 µg/mL with 98% cell viability. The bacterial count increased from 104 to 108 cfu/g in the non-treated skin model, whereas skin treated with functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes showed only a small increase from 104 to 105 cfu/g (1000-fold viable cfu difference). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus on the non-treated skin as opposed to the treated skin. Conclusion Thus, our results showed that functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes are not only non-toxic, but also help reduce the infection due to their antibacterial activity. These findings will aid in the development of novel antibacterial skin substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul A Chaudhari
- Alabama State University, Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shreekumar Pillai
- Alabama State University College of Science Mathematics and Technology, Montgomery, AL, USA
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Ashrafi M, Novak-Frazer L, Morris J, Baguneid M, Rautemaa-Richardson R, Bayat A. Electrical stimulation disrupts biofilms in a human wound model and reveals the potential for monitoring treatment response with volatile biomarkers. Wound Repair Regen 2018; 27:5-18. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ashrafi
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences; School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; Wythenshawe Hospital; Manchester United Kingdom
- Bioengineering Group, School of Materials; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Lilyann Novak-Frazer
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; Wythenshawe Hospital; Manchester United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Julie Morris
- Honorary Reader in Medical Statistics; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Baguneid
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; Wythenshawe Hospital; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Riina Rautemaa-Richardson
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; Wythenshawe Hospital; Manchester United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences; School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; Wythenshawe Hospital; Manchester United Kingdom
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Sajeevan SE, Chatterjee M, Paul V, Baranwal G, Kumar VA, Bose C, Banerji A, Nair BG, Prasanth BP, Biswas R. Impregnation of catheters with anacardic acid from cashew nut shell prevents Staphylococcus aureus biofilm development. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1286-1295. [PMID: 29972893 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The effect of anacardic acid impregnation on catheter surfaces for the prevention of Staphylococcus aureus attachments and biofilm formations were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Silicon catheter tubes were impregnated using different concentrations of anacardic acids (0·002-0·25%). Anacardic acids are antibacterial phenolic lipids from cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) shell oil. Anacardic acid-impregnated silicon catheters revealed no significant haemolytic activity and were cytocompatible against fibroblast cell line (L929). Sustained release of anacardic acids was observed for 4 days. Anacardic acid-impregnated silicon catheters efficiently inhibited S. aureus colonization and the biofilm formation on its surface. The in vivo antibiofilm activity of anacardic acid-impregnated catheters was tested in an intraperitoneal catheter-associated medaka fish infection model. Significant reduction in S. aureus colonization on anacardic acid-impregnated catheter tubes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that anacardic acid-impregnated silicon catheters may help in preventing catheter-related staphylococcal infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study opens new directions for designing antimicrobial phytochemical-coated surfaces with ideal antibiofilm properties and could be of great interest for biomedical research scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Sajeevan
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - M Chatterjee
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V Paul
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - G Baranwal
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V A Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - C Bose
- Amrita School of Biotechnology (ASBT), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - A Banerji
- Amrita School of Biotechnology (ASBT), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - B G Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology (ASBT), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - B P Prasanth
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - R Biswas
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Futuro DO, Ferreira PG, Nicoletti CD, Borba-Santos LP, Silva FCDA, Rozental S, Ferreira VF. The Antifungal Activity of Naphthoquinones: An Integrative Review. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1187-1214. [PMID: 29873671 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphthoquinones are the most commonly occurring type of quinones in nature. They are a diverse family of secondary metabolites that occur naturally in plants, lichens and various microorganisms. This subgroup is constantly being expanded through the discovery of new natural products and by the synthesis of new compounds via innovative techniques. Interest in quinones and the search for new biological activities within the members of this class have intensified in recent years, as evidenced by the evaluation of the potential antimicrobial activities of quinones. Among fungi of medical interest, yeasts of the genus Candida are of extreme importance due to their high frequency of colonization and infection in humans. The objective of this review is to describe the development of naphthoquinones as antifungals for the treatment of Candida species and to note the most promising compounds. By using certain criteria for selection of publications, 68 reports involving both synthetic and natural naphthoquinones are discussed. The activities of a large number of substances were evaluated against Candida albicans as well as against 7 other species of the genus Candida. The results discussed in this review allowed the identification of 30 naphthoquinones with higher antifungal activities than those of the currently used drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora O Futuro
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia G Ferreira
- PPGCAPS, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline D Nicoletti
- PPGCAPS, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana P Borba-Santos
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando C DA Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sonia Rozental
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Validation of biofilm formation on human skin wound models and demonstration of clinically translatable bacteria-specific volatile signatures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9431. [PMID: 29930327 PMCID: PMC6013498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are major contributors to delayed wound healing and there is a need for clinically relevant experimental models to assess theranostics. Microorganisms release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the ability to identify these in infected cutaneous wounds could lead to efficient non-invasive diagnosis. The aims here were to develop and assess bacterial biofilm formation and identify their VOC profiles in an in vitro model and validate in human ex vivo incisional and excisional cutaneous wound models. Biofilm development was assessed using multiple microscopy techniques with biofilm-forming deficient controls and quantified using metabolic and biomass assays; and VOC production measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The production of most VOCs was affected by biofilm development and model used. Some VOCs were specific either for planktonic or biofilm growth. The relative abundance of some VOCs was significantly increased or decreased by biofilm growth phase (P < 0.05). Some Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa VOCs correlated with biofilm metabolic activity and biomass (R ≤ −0.5; ≥0.5). We present for the first time bacterial biofilm formation in human ex vivo cutaneous wound models and their specific VOC profiles. These models provide a vehicle for human skin-relevant biofilm studies and VOC detection has potential clinical translatability in efficient non-invasive diagnosis of wound infection.
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Understanding the adhesion mechanism of a mucin binding domain from Lactobacillus fermentum and its role in enteropathogen exclusion. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 110:598-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Nithya S, Nimal T, Baranwal G, Suresh MK, C.P. A, Anil Kumar V, Gopi Mohan C, Jayakumar R, Biswas R. Preparation, characterization and efficacy of lysostaphin-chitosan gel against Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 110:157-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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FUTURO DÉBORAO, FERREIRA PATRICIAG, NICOLETTI CAROLINED, BORBA-SANTOS LUANAP, SILVA FERNANDOCDA, ROZENTAL SONIA, FERREIRA VITORFRANCISCO. The Antifungal Activity of Naphthoquinones: An Integrative Review. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170815 pmid: 29873671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Efficacy of 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinone derivatives against different Trypanosoma cruzi discrete type units: Identification of a promising hit compound. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 144:572-581. [PMID: 29289882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The limited efficacy of benznidazole (Bz) indicated by failures of current Phase II clinical trials emphasizes the urgent need to identify new drugs with improved safety and efficacy for treatment of Chagas disease (CD). Herein, we analyzed the efficacy of a series of 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones against different Trypanosoma cruzi discrete type units (DTUs) of relevant clinical forms of CD. Cytotoxic and trypanocidal effect of naphthoquinone derivatives were assessed in mammalian cells, trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes using, luminescent assays (CellTiter-Glo and T. cruzi Dm28c-luciferase) and/or counting with a light microscope. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and intracellular targets of promising compounds were assessed with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) probe and ultrastructural analysis, respectively. ADMET properties were analyzed by in silico modeling. Most of the compounds showed low cytotoxic effect. Only two compounds (Compounds 2 and 11) had IC50 values lower than Bz, showing higher susceptibility of bloodstream trypomastigotes. Compound 2 exhibited greater efficacy against trypomastigotes from different T. cruzi DTUs, even better than Bz against Brazil and CL strains. Ultrastructural analysis revealed changes in intracellular compartments, suggesting autophagy as one possible mechanism of action. Oxidative stress, induced by Compound 2, resulted in elevated level of ROS, leading to parasite death. Compound 2 was also effective against intracellular amastigotes, showing high selectivity index. ADMET analysis predicted good oral bioavailability, reduced drug metabolism and no carcinogenic potential for Compound 2. The data highlight Compound 2 as a hit compound and stimulate further structural and pharmacological optimization to potentiate its trypanocidal activity and selectivity.
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S. E, T.R. N, V.K. R, Baranwal G, Biswas R, R. J, S. S. Fucoidan coated ciprofloxacin loaded chitosan nanoparticles for the treatment of intracellular and biofilm infections of Salmonella. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Chatterjee M, D'Morris S, Paul V, Warrier S, Vasudevan AK, Vanuopadath M, Nair SS, Paul-Prasanth B, Mohan CG, Biswas R. Mechanistic understanding of Phenyllactic acid mediated inhibition of quorum sensing and biofilm development in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8223-8236. [PMID: 28983655 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa depends on its quorum sensing (QS) system for its virulence factors' production and biofilm formation. Biofilms of P. aeruginosa on the surface of indwelling catheters are often resistant to antibiotic therapy. Alternative approaches that employ QS inhibitors alone or in combination with antibiotics are being developed to tackle P. aeruginosa infections. Here, we have studied the mechanism of action of 3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA), a QS inhibitory compound produced by Lactobacillus species, against P. aeruginosa PAO1. Our study revealed that PLA inhibited the expression of virulence factors such as pyocyanin, protease, and rhamnolipids that are involved in the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Swarming motility, another important criterion for biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1, was also inhibited by PLA. Gene expression, mass spectrometric, functional complementation assays, and in silico data indicated that the quorum quenching and biofilm inhibitory activities of PLA are attributed to its ability to interact with P. aeruginosa QS receptors. PLA antagonistically binds to QS receptors RhlR and PqsR with a higher affinity than its cognate ligands N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) and 2-heptyl-3,4-dihydroxyquinoline (PQS; Pseudomonas quinolone signal). Using an in vivo intraperitoneal catheter-associated medaka fish infection model, we proved that PLA inhibited the initial attachment of P. aeruginosa PAO1 on implanted catheter tubes. Our in vitro and in vivo results revealed the potential of PLA as anti-biofilm compound against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitrayee Chatterjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Sharon D'Morris
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Vinod Paul
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Sruthi Warrier
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Anil Kumar Vasudevan
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | | | | | - Bindhu Paul-Prasanth
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - C Gopi Mohan
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India.
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Antibacterial and cytocompatible nanotextured Ti surface incorporating silver via single step hydrothermal processing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:115-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Balasubramanian S, Othman EM, Kampik D, Stopper H, Hentschel U, Ziebuhr W, Oelschlaeger TA, Abdelmohsen UR. Marine Sponge-Derived Streptomyces sp. SBT343 Extract Inhibits Staphylococcal Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:236. [PMID: 28261188 PMCID: PMC5311426 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus are opportunistic pathogens that cause nosocomial and chronic biofilm-associated infections. Indwelling medical devices and contact lenses are ideal ecological niches for formation of staphylococcal biofilms. Bacteria within biofilms are known to display reduced susceptibilities to antimicrobials and are protected from the host immune system. High rates of acquired antibiotic resistances in staphylococci and other biofilm-forming bacteria further hamper treatment options and highlight the need for new anti-biofilm strategies. Here, we aimed to evaluate the potential of marine sponge-derived actinomycetes in inhibiting biofilm formation of several strains of S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results from in vitro biofilm-formation assays, as well as scanning electron and confocal microscopy, revealed that an organic extract derived from the marine sponge-associated bacterium Streptomyces sp. SBT343 significantly inhibited staphylococcal biofilm formation on polystyrene, glass and contact lens surfaces, without affecting bacterial growth. The extract also displayed similar antagonistic effects towards the biofilm formation of other S. epidermidis and S. aureus strains tested but had no inhibitory effects towards Pseudomonas biofilms. Interestingly the extract, at lower effective concentrations, did not exhibit cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblast, macrophage and human corneal epithelial cell lines. Chemical analysis by High Resolution Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) of the Streptomyces sp. SBT343 extract proportion revealed its chemical richness and complexity. Preliminary physico-chemical characterization of the extract highlighted the heat-stable and non-proteinaceous nature of the active component(s). The combined data suggest that the Streptomyces sp. SBT343 extract selectively inhibits staphylococcal biofilm formation without interfering with bacterial cell viability. Due to absence of cell toxicity, the extract might represent a good starting material to develop a future remedy to block staphylococcal biofilm formation on contact lenses and thereby to prevent intractable contact lens-mediated ocular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman M Othman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia UniversityMinia, Egypt
| | - Daniel Kampik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ute Hentschel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, RD3 Marine Microbiology, and Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel Kiel, Germany
| | - Wilma Ziebuhr
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Usama R Abdelmohsen
- Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia UniversityMinia, Egypt
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Widhalm JR, Rhodes D. Biosynthesis and molecular actions of specialized 1,4-naphthoquinone natural products produced by horticultural plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2016; 3:16046. [PMID: 27688890 PMCID: PMC5030760 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The 1,4-naphthoquinones (1,4-NQs) are a diverse group of natural products found in every kingdom of life. Plants, including many horticultural species, collectively synthesize hundreds of specialized 1,4-NQs with ecological roles in plant-plant (allelopathy), plant-insect and plant-microbe interactions. Numerous horticultural plants producing 1,4-NQs have also served as sources of traditional medicines for hundreds of years. As a result, horticultural species have been at the forefront of many basic studies conducted to understand the metabolism and function of specialized plant 1,4-NQs. Several 1,4-NQ natural products derived from horticultural plants have also emerged as promising scaffolds for developing new drugs. In this review, the current understanding of the core metabolic pathways leading to plant 1,4-NQs is provided with additional emphasis on downstream natural products originating from horticultural species. An overview on the biochemical mechanisms of action, both from an ecological and pharmacological perspective, of 1,4-NQs derived from horticultural plants is also provided. In addition, future directions for improving basic knowledge about plant 1,4-NQ metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Widhalm
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
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| | - David Rhodes
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
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