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Wu X, Kaminga AC, Dai W, Deng J, Wang Z, Pan X, Liu A. The prevalence of moderate-to-high posttraumatic growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:408-415. [PMID: 30268956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is positive psychological changes after encountering challenging events. The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to summarize the prevalence of moderate-to-high PTG in people who experienced traumatic events and to understand what social-demographic and trauma characteristics distinguish those who show a high rate of PTG from those of low level. METHODS Six electronic databases were searched. Loney's appraisal criteria were used to evaluate the quality of studies. Freeman-Turkey double arcsine transformation method was used to calculate the combined prevalence. Age, time since event, type of trauma and trauma form were analyzed as subgroup factors. According to the source of the trauma, the type of trauma was divided into three different categories: disease, accident and specific profession. Specific profession refers to firefighters, veterans, intensive care staff, etc. The complex working environment, irregular lifestyle, various unpredictable factors, as well as the frequently adverse stimuli from others contribute to great physical and mental pressure. RESULTS Twenty-six articles were deemed as qualified for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The level of PTG across studies ranged from 10% to 77.3%, and heterogeneity tests showed high heterogeneity (I2 = 92.3%, 95%CI = 90.1%-94.0%, p < 0.01). Random effect model was chosen to calculate the combined prevalence and the prevalence was 52.58% (95%CI = 48.66%-56.48%). People whose age was younger than 60,had shorter time since trauma,worked in a specific profession and suffered from direct trauma reported high rate of moderate-to-high PTG. LIMITATIONS Because the included studies haven't provided adequate PTG-related information, these factors could not be used to performed subgroup analyses. In addition, some studies were excluded due to the different standard may lead to deviation of the combined prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the investigated individuals reported moderate-to-high PTG after experiencing a traumatic event. Future research needs to further study the determinants of PTG to provide relevant interventions for the victims of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Atipatsa C Kaminga
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.; Department of Mathematics, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi.
| | - Wenjie Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Xiongfeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
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García FE, Vázquez C, Inostroza C. Predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms following occupational accidents: A longitudinal study. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2019; 32:168-178. [PMID: 30632803 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1566533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occupational accidents are highly stressful events that frequently occur and impact both the physical and mental health of workers. The aim of this study was to longitudinally assess a predictive model of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in workers who have suffered a recent accident. METHOD Two hundred and forty-four workers (77.8% men), aged 18 to 73 years, who had experienced an accident during the last month that resulted in hospitalization and/or ten or more days of sick leave, were surveyed. A second survey was carried out six months later. Regression analyses included psychological predictors (i.e. subjective severity of event, brooding and positive and negative religious coping), along with objective predictors (i.e. hospitalization, sick leave days and unemployment). RESULTS It was found that the main predictors of PTSS were brooding, negative religious coping, days of sick leave and unemployment, with a large effect size (R2 = .45). CONCLUSIONS The discussion is based on the usefulness of including selected psychological and objective predictors for detecting people more susceptible to developing psychopathology due to the stress following an accident. Identifying at-risk people for developing PTSS after an accident may help to introduce selective preventive strategies or early interventions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe E García
- a Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Comunicaciones , Universidad Santo Tomás , Concepción , Chile
| | - Carmelo Vázquez
- b Department of Clinical Psychology , Complutense University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carolina Inostroza
- c Department of Psychology , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
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Jayawickreme E, Rivers J, Rauthmann JM. Do We Know How Adversity Impacts Human Development? RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1495515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Yang H, Wang Z, Song J, Lu J, Huang X, Zou Z, Pan L. The positive and negative rumination scale: Development and preliminary validation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Jin Y, Sun C, Wang F, An J, Xu J. The relationship between PTSD, depression and negative life events: Ya'an earthquake three years later. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:358-363. [PMID: 29120843 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) is a common post-disaster psychological condition which research has shown to have comorbidity with depression. To explore the relationship between PTSD and depression further, a cross-sectional study design was adopted. Three years after the Ya'an earthquake, 4137 adolescents (mean age 15.12) who had personally experienced the earthquake were assessed. The study results showed that PTSD significantly predicted future depression, with the effect being partially mediated by the negative life events after the earthquake. Gender was not found to be a significant moderator between PTSD and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchang Jin
- College of Teacher Education and Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, No. 5 Jingan Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China.
| | - Cuicui Sun
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Hope College, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610400, China.
| | - Junxiu An
- Chengdu University of Information Technology, No. 24 Block 1, Xuefu Road, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Chen J, Wu X. Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth in Children and Adolescents Following an Earthquake: A Latent Transition Analysis. J Trauma Stress 2017; 30:583-592. [PMID: 29244905 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the transitions in classes of posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth in a sample of children and adolescents (N = 757), between 8 and 20 months after the 2013 Ya'an earthquake in China. Using latent profile analysis, three classes of symptoms (resilient, thriving, and struggling) were identified at 8 and 20 months after the earthquake. Latent transition analysis indicated that the majority of survivors remained in the same class during the period, while others showed a transition between different classes over time. The transition was mainly characterized by three paths: from struggling to resilient, and from thriving to either resilient or struggling. Of the survivors who were classified as thriving at 8 months, those transitioning to the struggling class at 20 months were more likely to experience higher levels of loss and injury compared with those transitioning to the resilient class (Cohen's d = 0.72) or remaining in the thriving class (Cohen's d = 0.36) at 20 months postearthquake. Survivors who remained stable in the struggling class were older than those who remained stable in the thriving class (Cohen's d = 0.41) or those who moved from thriving at 8 months to resilient at 20 months after the earthquake (Cohen's d = 0.39). It is recommended that clinicians consider the classes of posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth, and the potential development paths and associated factors, when implementing interventions for children and adolescents after a natural disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieling Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Quan L, Zhen R, Yao B, Zhou X, Yu D. The Role of Perceived Severity of Disaster, Rumination, and Trait Resilience in the Relationship Between Rainstorm-related Experiences and PTSD Amongst Chinese Adolescents Following Rainstorm Disasters. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2017; 31:507-515. [PMID: 28927516 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating role of perceived severity of trauma and rumination in the relationship between traumatic experiences and PTSD, and assessed the moderated role of resilience in this mediating process. Nine hundred and fifty-one adolescents were selected to complete a self-report questionnaire involving rainstorm-related experiences, perceived severity of trauma, rumination, resilience, and PTSD. The results found that rainstorm-related experiences had a positive effect on PTSD by perceived severity of disaster, or by rumination via perceived severity of disaster. Resilience buffered the relationship between rainstorm-related experiences and PTSD, but did not buffer the relation of rainstorm-related experiences to perceived severity of disaster and rumination. These findings indicated that rainstorm-related experiences may have an indirect effect on PTSD via cognitive activities, and these indirect paths were not buffered by resilience. A buffering effect only occurred in the direct paths from rainstorm-related experiences to PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Quan
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Benxian Yao
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Walsh E, Shou Y, Han J, Brinker JK. Development and Validation of a Chinese Language Version of the Ruminative Thought Styles Questionnaire. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282917696937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Ruminative Thought Styles Questionnaire (RTS) conceptualizes rumination as repetitive, recurrent, intrusive, and uncontrollable thinking. This article outlines the development and validation of a Chinese language version of the RTS, the RTS-CH. Following independent translation, back translation, and final translation checking, the factor structure, convergent and divergent validity, and item-level congruence of the RTS-CH was examined and improved. The resultant scale showed equivalence to the RTS and had attractive psychometric properties. The RTS-CH is the first Chinese language rumination measure that does not have inherently negative or depressive content.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Walsh
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Y. Shou
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - J. Han
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - J. K. Brinker
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
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Xu X, Hu ML, Song Y, Lu ZX, Chen YQ, Wu DX, Xiao T. Effect of Positive Psychological Intervention on Posttraumatic Growth among Primary Healthcare Workers in China: A Preliminary Prospective Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39189. [PMID: 27995960 PMCID: PMC5171914 DOI: 10.1038/srep39189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is defined as positive psychological change in the wake of highly challenging circumstances. Healthcare workers in particular are more vulnerable to stressors and trauma than the general population. The current study examined the use and effectiveness of a novel positive psychological intervention based on Chinese traditional culture to improve PTG in hospital healthcare workers. The intervention was provided to 579 healthcare workers at hospitals in Guilin, Shenzhen and Xiangtan. Scores on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and its subscales were significantly higher after intervention than before (p < 0.001). Of the five aspects of PTG, the aspect of "new possibilities" benefited the most from intervention (Cohen's d = 0.45). PTG in women, nurses and college graduates increased to a greater extent than other participants after intervention. It was concluded that our novel intervention is effective at improving PTG in medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Mu-Li Hu
- Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yu Song
- Research Office, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Xiu Lu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - You-Qiao Chen
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Da-Xing Wu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Tao Xiao
- Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Liu M, Ren S. Moderating Effect of Emotional Intelligence on the Relationship between Rumination and Anxiety. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-016-9510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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