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Park EJ, Lee SY, Lee GH, Kim DW, Kim Y, Cho MH, Kim JH. Sheet-type titania, but not P25, induced paraptosis accompanying apoptosis in murine alveolar macrophage cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:69-79. [PMID: 25111187 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified the toxic effects of sheet-type titania (TNS), which are being developed as a material for UV-blocking glass, comparing with P25, a benchmark control for titania, in MH-S cells, a mouse alveolar macrophage cell line. After 24 h exposure, the TNS-exposed cells formed large vacuoles while the P25-exposed ones did not. The decreased levels of cell viability were similar between the P25 and TNS groups, but ATP production was clearly lower in cells exposed to the TNS. P25 decreased the expression of calnexin protein, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane marker, and increased the number of cells generating ROS in a dose dependent manner. Meanwhile, TNS dilated the ER and mitochondria and increased the secretion of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not of ROS. Subsequently, we studied the molecular response following TNS-induced vacuolization. TNS started to form vacuoles in the cytosol since 20 min after exposure, and the expression of the mitochondria function-related genes were down-regulated the most in the cells exposed for 1 h. After 24 h exposure, the number of apoptotic cells and the relative levels of BAX to Bcl-2 increased. The expression of SOD1 protein, but not of SOD2, also dose-dependently increased with an increase in caspase-8 activity. Additionally, the MAPK pathway was significantly activated, even though the expression of p-EGFR did not change significantly. Furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells increased rapidly with time and with the inhibition of vacuole formation. Taken together, we suggest that P25 and TNS may target different organelles. In addition, TNS, but not P25, induced paraptosis accompanied by apoptosis in MH-S cells, and the formation of the cytoplasmic vacuoles allowed delay apoptosis following TNS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hee Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
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52
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Lawrence JR, Swerhone GDW, Dynes JJ, Korber DR, Hitchcock AP. Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy for speciation, quantitation and nano-eco-toxicology of nanomaterials. J Microsc 2014; 261:130-47. [PMID: 25088794 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical need for methods that provide simultaneous detection, identification, quantitation and visualization of nanomaterials at their interface with biological and environmental systems. The approach should allow speciation as well as elemental analysis. Using the intrinsic X-ray absorption properties, soft X-ray scanning transmission X-ray spectromicroscopy (STXM) allows characterization and imaging of a broad range of nanomaterials, including metals, oxides and organic materials, and at the same time is able to provide detailed mapping of biological components. Thus, STXM offers considerable potential for application to research on nanomaterials in biology and the environment. The potential and limitations of STXM in this context are discussed using a range of examples, focusing on the interaction of nanomaterials with microbial cells, biofilms and extracellular polymers. The studies outlined include speciation and mapping of metal-containing nanomaterials (Ti, Ni, Cu) and carbon-based nanomaterials (multiwalled carbon nanotubes, C60 fullerene). The benefits of X-ray fluorescence detection in soft X-ray STXM are illustrated with a study of low levels of Ni in a natural river biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J J Dynes
- Canadian Light Source Inc, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - D R Korber
- Food and Bioproducts Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A P Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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The influence of surface charge and photo-reactivity on skin-permeation enhancer property of nano-TiO2 in ex vivo pig skin model under indoor light. Int J Pharm 2014; 467:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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54
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Strobel C, Torrano AA, Herrmann R, Malissek M, Bräuchle C, Reller A, Treuel L, Hilger I. Effects of the physicochemical properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, commonly used as sun protection agents, on microvascular endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 16:2130. [PMID: 24482605 PMCID: PMC3890566 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-2130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Until now, the potential effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on endothelial cells are not well understood, despite their already wide usage. Therefore, the present work characterizes six TiO2 nanoparticle samples in the size range of 19 × 17 to 87 × 13 nm, which are commonly present in sun protection agents with respect to their physicochemical properties (size, shape, ζ-potential, agglomeration, sedimentation, surface coating, and surface area), their interactions with serum proteins and biological impact on human microvascular endothelial cells (relative cellular dehydrogenase activity, adenosine triphosphate content, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 release). We observed no association of nanoparticle morphology with the agglomeration and sedimentation behavior and no variations of the ζ-potential (-14 to -19 mV) in dependence on the surface coating. In general, the impact on endothelial cells was low and only detectable at concentrations of 100 μg/ml. Particles containing a rutile core and having rod-like shape had a stronger effect on cell metabolism than those with anatase core and elliptical shape (relative cellular dehydrogenase activity after 72 h: 60 vs. 90 %). Besides the morphology, the nanoparticle shell constitution was found to influence the metabolic activity of the cells. Upon cellular uptake, the nanoparticles were localized perinuclearly. Considering that in the in vivo situation endothelial cells would come in contact with considerably lower nanoparticle amounts than the lowest-observable adverse effects level (100 μg/ml), TiO2 nanoparticles can be considered as rather harmless to humans under the investigated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Strobel
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Adriano A. Torrano
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Herrmann
- Department of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitaetsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marcelina Malissek
- Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstraße 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Bräuchle
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Reller
- Department of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitaetsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Lennart Treuel
- Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstraße 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Hammond SA, Carew AC, Helbing CC. Evaluation of the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on cultured Rana catesbeiana tailfin tissue. Front Genet 2013; 4:251. [PMID: 24312126 PMCID: PMC3836013 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs), materials that have one dimension less than 100 nm, are used in manufacturing, health, and food products, and consumer products including cosmetics, clothing, and household appliances. Their utility to industry is derived from their high surface-area-to-volume ratios and physico-chemical properties distinct from their bulk counterparts, but the near-certainty that NPs will be released into the environment raises the possibility that they could present health risks to humans and wildlife. The thyroid hormones (THs), thyroxine, and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), are involved in development and metabolism in vertebrates including humans and frogs. Many of the processes of anuran metamorphosis are analogous to human post-embryonic development and disruption of TH action can have drastic effects. These shared features make the metamorphosis of anurans an excellent model for screening for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). We used the cultured tailfin (C-fin) assay to examine the exposure effects of 0.1-10 nM (~8-800 ng/L) of three types of ~20 nm TiO2 NPs (P25, M212, M262) and micron-sized TiO2 (μ TiO2) ±10 nM T3. The actual Ti levels were 40.9-64.7% of the nominal value. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) was used to measure the relative amounts of mRNA transcripts encoding TH-responsive THs receptors (thra and thrb) and Rana larval keratin type I (rlk1), as well as the cellular stress-responsive heat shock protein 30 kDa (hsp30), superoxide dismutase (sod), and catalase (cat). The levels of the TH-responsive transcripts were largely unaffected by any form of TiO2. Some significant effects on stress-related transcripts were observed upon exposure to micron-sized TiO2, P25, and M212 while no effect was observed with M262 exposure. Therefore, the risk of adversely affecting amphibian tissue by disrupting TH-signaling or inducing cellular stress is low for these compounds relative to other previously-tested NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Austin Hammond
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria Victoria, BC, Canada
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Park EJ, Lee GH, Shim HW, Kim JH, Cho MH, Kim DW. Comparison of toxicity of different nanorod-type TiO2 polymorphs in vivo and in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:357-66. [PMID: 24122803 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is predicted that the toxicity of nanoparticles may be different depending on the properties of the nanoparticles and biological system being tested. However, the factors that influence the toxicity of nanoparticles have not been adequately investigated. In this study, we characterized two types of TiO2 nanorods, anatase (ATO) and brookite (BTO), and compared their toxicity in vivo and in vitro. ATO and BTO differed from each other most notably in their surface areas. Treatment with the two TiO2 nanorods (10 µg ml(-1) ) produced similar effects on the cell cycle in eight cell lines which are derived from potential target organs of nanoparticles, with the BTO eliciting stronger responses than ATO in all cell lines, among the cell lines, H9C2 showed the maximal change. Similarly, when mice were exposed to two TiO2 nanorods (1 mg kg(-1) ), BTO induced clearer histopathological lesions and triggered a more robust secretion of inflammatory cytokines than ATO. Furthermore, we compared the cellular response of both TiO2 nanorods using BEAS-2B cells, the human bronchial epithelial cell line. Both nanorods induced cell death by increasing the formation of autophagosome-like vacuoles. The mitochondrial calcium concentration decreased by exposure of both types, but the distribution of lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) showed a clear difference between the two nanorods. Thus, we conclude that the surface area acts as an important factor which depends on toxicity of nanorod type-TiO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, the toxicity of nanoparticles varies according to the type of cells tested, and that the assembly of autophagosome-like vacuoles is a critical part of the cellular response to nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea
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Turci F, Peira E, Corazzari I, Fenoglio I, Trotta M, Fubini B. Crystalline Phase Modulates the Potency of Nanometric TiO2 to Adhere to and Perturb the Stratum Corneum of Porcine Skin under Indoor Light. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1579-90. [DOI: 10.1021/tx400285j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Turci
- Dip.
Chimica, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center and NIS Excellence Center, University of Torino, via P. Giuria
7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Peira
- Dip.
Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Torino, via P. Giuria
9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Ingrid Corazzari
- Dip.
Chimica, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center and NIS Excellence Center, University of Torino, via P. Giuria
7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Dip.
Chimica, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center and NIS Excellence Center, University of Torino, via P. Giuria
7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Michele Trotta
- Dip.
Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Torino, via P. Giuria
9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Bice Fubini
- Dip.
Chimica, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center and NIS Excellence Center, University of Torino, via P. Giuria
7, 10125, Torino, Italy
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58
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Marucco A, Fenoglio I, Turci F, Fubini B. Interaction of fibrinogen and albumin with titanium dioxide nanoparticles of different crystalline phases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/429/1/012014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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59
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Yokel R, Grulke E, MacPhail R. Metal-based nanoparticle interactions with the nervous system: the challenge of brain entry and the risk of retention in the organism. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:346-73. [PMID: 23568784 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review of metal-based nanoparticles focuses on factors influencing their distribution into the nervous system, evidence they enter brain parenchyma, and nervous system responses. Gold is emphasized as a model metal-based nanoparticle and for risk assessment in the companion review. The anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, basics of colloid chemistry, and environmental factors that influence what cells see are reviewed to provide background on the biological, physical-chemical, and internal milieu factors that influence nervous system nanoparticle uptake. The results of literature searches reveal little nanoparticle research included the nervous system, which about equally involved in vitro and in vivo methods, and very few human studies. The routes of uptake into the nervous system and mechanisms of nanoparticle uptake by cells are presented with examples. Brain nanoparticle uptake inversely correlates with size. The influence of shape has not been reported. Surface charge has not been clearly shown to affect flux across the blood-brain barrier. There is very little evidence for metal-based nanoparticle distribution into brain parenchyma. Metal-based nanoparticle disruption of the blood-brain barrier and adverse brain changes have been shown, and are more pronounced for spheres than rods. Study concentrations need to be put in exposure contexts. Work with dorsal root ganglion cells and brain cells in vitro show the potential for metal-based nanoparticles to produce toxicity. Interpretation of these results must consider the ability of nanoparticles to distribute across the barriers protecting the nervous system. Effects of the persistence of poorly soluble metal-based nanoparticles are of particular concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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60
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Corazzari I, Livraghi S, Ferrero S, Giamello E, Fubini B, Fenoglio I. Inactivation of TiO2 nano-powders for the preparation of photo-stable sunscreens via carbon-based surface modification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32876c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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