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Electrospray for generation of drug delivery and vaccine particles applied in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110070. [PMID: 31546372 PMCID: PMC10366704 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Also known as electrospray, electrohydrodynamic atomization has been used extensively in the last 15 years to develop polymer-based particles for drug delivery in cell and animal models. More recently, novel core-shell, multi-axial, and other electrospray particles have been developed from an array of polymers for a variety of biomedical applications. This review focuses on electrospray as a novel method of particle fabrication for drug delivery, specifically highlighting the applications of these particle systems in cell culture and animal models while also discussing polymers used for particle fabrication. Applications of electrospray particles to treat glioma, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer are reviewed. Additionally, delivery of antibiotics, gene therapy, and bacterial cells formulated in electrospray particles is discussed. Finally, vaccines as well as drug eluting particles for differentiation of stem cells and tissue engineering are highlighted. The article concludes with a discussion of where the future of electrospray technology can go to strengthen its foothold in the biomedical field.
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Shah NK, Wang Z, Gupta SK, Le Campion A, Meenach SA. Sustained release of a model water-soluble compound via dry powder aerosolizable acetalated dextran microparticles. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:1133-1143. [PMID: 31327289 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1641727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To design and characterize aerosol microparticles (MP) to provide sustained release of the water-soluble compound sulforhodamine B (SRB) and achieve effective aerosol dispersion. Significance: Modulating the release of water-soluble compounds remains a challenge in pulmonary drug delivery. Methods: SRB and water made up an aqueous solution, while acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex) and isopropyl alcohol made up an organic solution. The two solutions were mixed together, and the solution was spray dried to produce MP. MP were characterized for morphology, size, release kinetics, aerosol dispersion, and cellular interactions. Results: Ac-Dex MP exhibited corrugated morphology and aerodynamic diameters from 2.06 to 2.86 μm. MP deposited in all stages of a Next Generation Impactor, with >90% fine particle fraction. MP exhibited encapsulation efficiencies >129% with SRB loading values up to 16.7 μg SRB/mg MP. MP exhibited sustained release of SRB at pH 7 and fast release at pH 5. In vitro experiments showed minimal cytotoxicity, successful uptake of MP in epithelial cells, and no disruption to the integrity of epithelial monolayers. Conclusions: Ac-Dex MP systems demonstrated the ability to provide sustained the release of a water-soluble therapeutic in addition to effective aerosol dispersion for pulmonary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishan K Shah
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
| | - Zimeng Wang
- College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
| | - Sweta K Gupta
- College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
| | - Andrew Le Campion
- College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
| | - Samantha A Meenach
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA.,College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
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Watkins-Schulz R, Tiet P, Gallovic MD, Junkins RD, Batty C, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM, Ting JPY. A microparticle platform for STING-targeted immunotherapy enhances natural killer cell- and CD8 + T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Biomaterials 2019; 205:94-105. [PMID: 30909112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have significantly improved cancer patient survival, but response rates are still limited. Thus, novel formulations are needed to expand the breadth of immunotherapies. Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) can be used to stimulate an immune response, but several pathogen recognition receptors are located within the cell, making delivery challenging. We have employed the biodegradable polymer acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) to formulate PAMP microparticles (MPs) in order to enhance intracellular delivery. While treatment with four different PAMP MPs resulted in tumor growth inhibition, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) MPs were most effective. cGAMP MPs showed anti-tumor efficacy at doses 100-1000 fold lower than published doses of soluble cGAMP in two murine tumor models. Treatment with cGAMP MPs resulted in increased natural killer cell numbers in the tumor environment. Immune cell depletion studies confirmed that NK cells were responsible for the anti-tumor efficacy in an aggressive mouse melanoma model. NK cells and CD8+ T cells were both required for early anti-tumor function in a triple negative breast cancer model. In summary, cGAMP MP treatment results in NK and T cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Watkins-Schulz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Pamela Tiet
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Matthew D Gallovic
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Robert D Junkins
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Cole Batty
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jenny P Y Ting
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Institute for Inflammatory Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Center for Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Johnson MM, Collier MA, Hoang KV, Pino EN, Gurysh EG, Gallovic MD, Zahid MSH, Chen N, Schlesinger LS, Gunn JS, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. In Vivo and Cellular Trafficking of Acetalated Dextran Microparticles for Delivery of a Host-Directed Therapy for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Infection. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5336-5348. [PMID: 30296381 PMCID: PMC6330710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have encapsulated host-directed therapy AR-12 into acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs) to mitigate drug toxicity and passively target phagocytic host cells. Herein, we have improved upon our initial emulsion-based formulation of Ace-DEX MPs encapsulating AR-12 (AR-12/MPs) by improving the drug encapsulation efficiency, evaluating sterilization processes for manufacturing, and understanding cellular and in vivo trafficking of the MPs. By using an alternative solvent system, ethyl acetate, we report an increased encapsulation efficiency of AR-12 while maintaining the pH-responsive degradation kinetics of Ace-DEX MPs. To better manufacture this novel antimicrobial formulation, we sterilized AR-12/MPs by gamma irradiation or ethylene oxide and evaluated their efficacy against intracellular Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Sterilized AR-12/MPs resulted in a significant reduction in intracellular bacterial burden compared to Blank/MPs. We also characterized intracellular trafficking of Ace-DEX MPs encapsulating fluorophores, which demonstrated internalization of MPs in endo/lysosomal compartments and time and degradation-rate dependent lysosomal escape into cytosolic compartments. Additionally, in vivo toxicity was mitigated following encapsulation of AR-12, where the maximum tolerated dose of AR-12 was increased compared to soluble treatment via intranasal, intravenous, and intraperitoneal administration routes. Following in vivo trafficking of Ace-DEX MPs via the same routes, intranasal administration demonstrated the highest accumulation in the lungs, liver, and kidneys, which persisted out to 240 h. Overall, we have advanced the formulation of this host-directed therapy and broadened the understanding of Ace-DEX MP delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Johnson
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael A. Collier
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ky V. Hoang
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Erica N. Pino
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Gurysh
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew D. Gallovic
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Md. Shamim Hasan Zahid
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Naihan Chen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - John S. Gunn
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Collier MA, Junkins RD, Gallovic MD, Johnson BM, Johnson MM, Macintyre AN, Sempowski GD, Bachelder EM, Ting JPY, Ainslie KM. Acetalated Dextran Microparticles for Codelivery of STING and TLR7/8 Agonists. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4933-4946. [PMID: 30281314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective tool for preventing infectious diseases; however, subunit vaccines, considered the safest type, suffer from poor immunogenicity and require adjuvants to create a strong and sustained immune response. As adjuvants, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) offer potent immunostimulatory properties and defined mechanisms of action through their cognate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Their activity can be further enhanced through combining two or more PAMPs, particularly those that activate multiple immune signaling pathways. However, the cytosolic localization of many PRRs requires intracellular delivery of PAMPs for optimal biological activity, which is particularly true of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) PRR. Using acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs) encapsulating STING agonist 3'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) combined with soluble PAMPS, we screened the effect of codelivery of adjuvants using primary mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). We identified that codelivery of cGAMP MPs and soluble Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist resiquimod (R848) elicited the broadest cytokine response. cGAMP and R848 were then coencapsulated within Ace-DEX MPs via electrospray. Using the model antigen ovalbumin, we observed that Ace-DEX MPs coencapsulating cGAMP and R848 (cGAMP/R848 Ace-DEX MPs) induced antigen-specific cellular immunity, and a balanced Th1/Th2 humoral response that was greater than cGAMP Ace-DEX MPs alone and PAMPs delivered in separate MPs. These data indicate that polymeric Ace-DEX MPs loaded with STING and TLR7/8 agonists represent a potent cellular and humoral vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew N Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
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Chen N, Gallovic MD, Tiet P, Ting JPY, Ainslie KM, Bachelder EM. Investigation of tunable acetalated dextran microparticle platform to optimize M2e-based influenza vaccine efficacy. J Control Release 2018; 289:114-124. [PMID: 30261204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Influenza places a significant health and economic burden on society. Efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccines can be suboptimal due to poor matching between vaccine and circulating viral strains. An influenza vaccine that is broadly protective against multiple virus strains would significantly improve vaccine efficacy. The highly conserved ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) and 3'3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) were selected as the antigen and adjuvant, respectively, to develop the basis for a potential universal influenza vaccine. The magnitude and kinetics of adaptive immune responses can have great impact on vaccine efficacy. M2e and cGAMP were therefore formulated within acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs) of varying degradation profiles to examine the effect of differential vaccine delivery on humoral, cellular, and protective immunity. All Ace-DEX MP vaccines containing M2e and cGAMP elicited potent humoral and cellular responses in vivo and offered substantial protection against a lethal influenza challenge, suggesting significant vaccine efficacy. Serum antibodies from Ace-DEX MP vaccinated mice also demonstrated cross reactivity against M2e sequences of various viral strains, which indicates the potential for broadly protective immunity. Of all the formulations tested, the slowest-degrading M2e or cGAMP MPs elicited the greatest antibody production, cellular response, and protection against a viral challenge. This indicated the importance of flexible control over antigen and adjuvant delivery. Overall, robust immune responses, cross reactivity against multiple viral strains, and tunable delivery profiles make the Ace-DEX MP platform a powerful subunit vaccine delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihan Chen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew D Gallovic
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pamela Tiet
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute for Inflammatory Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Stubelius A, Sheng W, Lee S, Olejniczak J, Guma M, Almutairi A. Disease-Triggered Drug Release Effectively Prevents Acute Inflammatory Flare-Ups, Achieving Reduced Dosing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800703. [PMID: 30009516 PMCID: PMC6165597 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For conditions with inflammatory flare-ups, fast drug-release from a depot is crucial to reduce cell infiltration and prevent long-term tissue destruction. While this concept has been explored for chronic diseases, preventing acute inflammatory flares has not been explored. To address this issue, a preventative inflammation-sensitive system is developed and applied to acute gout, a condition where millions of inflammatory cells are recruited rapidly, causing excruciating and debilitating pain. Rapid drug release is first demonstrated from a pH-responsive acetalated dextran particle loaded with dexamethasone (AcDex-DXM), reducing proinflammatory cytokines in vitro as efficiently as free drug. Then, using the air pouch model of gout, mice are pretreated 24 h before inducing inflammation. AcDex-DXM reduces overall cell infiltration with decreased neutrophils, increases monocytes, and diminishes cytokines and chemokines. In a more extended prophylaxis model, murine joints are pretreated eight days before initiating inflammation. After quantifying cell infiltration, only AcDex-DXM reduces the overall joint inflammation, where neither free drug nor a conventional drug-depot achieves adequate anti-inflammatory effects. Here, the superior efficacy of disease-triggered drug-delivery to prevent acute inflammation is demonstrated over free drug and slow-release depots. This approach and results promise exciting treatment opportunities for multiple inflammatory conditions suffering from acute flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stubelius
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wangzhong Sheng
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sangeun Lee
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jason Olejniczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Monica Guma
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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