51
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Joung JG, Ha SY, Bae JS, Nam JY, Gwak GY, Lee HO, Son DS, Park CK, Park WY. Nonlinear tumor evolution from dysplastic nodules to hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2076-2082. [PMID: 27409339 PMCID: PMC5356781 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysplastic nodules are premalignant neoplastic nodules found in explanted livers with cirrhosis. Genetic signatures of premalignant dysplastic nodules (DNs) with concurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may provide an insight in the molecular evolution of hepatocellular carcinogenesis. We analyzed four patients with multifocal nodular lesions and cirrhotic background by whole-exome sequencing (WES). The genomic profiles of somatic single nucleotide variations (SNV) and copy number variations (CNV) in DNs were compared to those of HCCs. The number and variant allele frequency of somatic SNVs of DNs and HCCs in each patient was identical along the progression of pathological grade. The somatic SNVs in DNs showed little conservation in HCC. Additionally, CNVs showed no conservation. Phylogenetic analysis based on SNVs and copy number profiles indicated a nonlinear segregation pattern, implying independent development of DNs and HCC in each patient. Thus, somatic mutations in DNs may be developed separately from other malignant nodules in the same liver, suggesting a nonlinear model for hepatocarcinogenesis from DNs to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Gun Joung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- Departments of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Seol Bae
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Nam
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Ock Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Departments of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Soon Son
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Keun Park
- Departments of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Departments of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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52
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Lu CY, Chen SY, Peng HL, Kan PY, Chang WC, Yen CJ. Cell-free methylation markers with diagnostic and prognostic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6406-6418. [PMID: 28031532 PMCID: PMC5351641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality. There is a dearth of effective early diagnostic tools, so liver resection surgery and liver transplantation are the only effective medical treatments. The most commonly used marker for HCC detection is serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), which has low sensitivity and specificity. Because aberrant DNA methylation of genes and miRNAs occurs early in most cancers, we explored whether circulating methylation markers could be promising clinical tools for HCC diagnosis. Using a whole-genome approach, we identified many hyper-methylated miRNAs in HCC. Furthermore, three abnormally methylated genes and one miRNA were combined to establish a methylation predictive model and tested for its diagnostic and prognostic potential in HCC. Using plasma samples, the predictive model exhibited high sensitivity and specificity (> 80%) for HBV-related HCC. Most importantly, nearly 75% of patients who could not be diagnosed with AFP at 20 ng/mL were detected by this model. Further, the predictive model exhibited an exceedingly high ability to predict 5-year overall survival in HCC patients. These data demonstrate the high diagnostic and prognostic potential of methylation markers in the plasma of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Lu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ya Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Peng
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Yeh Kan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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53
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Clinical and biological significance of miR-23b and miR-193a in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6955-6969. [PMID: 28036298 PMCID: PMC5351682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cancer of the liver with a very poor prognosis. The dysregulation of microRNAs (miRs) is indeed implicated in HCC onset and progression. In this study, we have evaluated the expression of miR-23b and miR-193a in a large cohort of 59 and 67 HCC patients, respectively. miR-23b and miR-193a resulted significantly down-regulated in primary HCCs compared to their matched peritumoral counterparts. Furthermore, patients with higher miR-193a expression exhibited longer OS and DFS, suggesting that miR-193a may be a molecular prognostic factor for HCC patients. Since the regulation of miRs by DNA methylation may occur in human cancers, we verified whether the down-modulation of miR-23b and miR-193a in HCC tissues could be related to DNA methylation. An inverse trend between miR-23b expression and DNA methylation was observed, indicating that miR-23b can be epigenetically regulated. By contrast, the down-regulation of miR-193a was not mediated by DNA methylation. To verify the potential role of miR-23b and miR-193a as responsive molecular targets in vitro, we used the inhibitor of DNA methylation 5-aza-dC to restore miR-23b expression level in combination with miR-193a transfection. The combined treatment led to a significant inhibition of cellular proliferation and migration. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that miR-23b and miR-193a may be molecular diagnostic and prognostic factors for HCC; furthermore, miR-23b and miR-193a are responsive molecular targets for limiting HCC cell aggressiveness in combination with the epigenetic drug 5-aza-dC. Moreover, our results provide new advances in the epigenetic regulation of these miRs in HCC.
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54
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Fang F, Wang X, Song T. Five-CpG-based prognostic signature for predicting survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:425-433. [PMID: 30766752 PMCID: PMC6372912 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Early diagnosis plays an important role in the improvement of HCC prognosis. Methods: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of HCC DNA methylation and gene expression datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), to identify a prognostic signature for HCC diagnosis and survival prediction. First, we identified differential methylation CpG (dmCpG) sites in HCC samples and compared them with those in adjacent normal liver tissues; this was followed by univariate analysis and Sure Independence Screening (SIS) in the training set. The robustness of the identified prognostic signature was evaluated using the testing set. To explore the biological processes involved in HCC progression, we also performed functional enrichment analysis for overlapping genes between genes containing dmCpG sites (DMGs) and differential expression genes (DEGs) in HCC patients, using data from the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Results: As a result, we identified five CpG sites that were significantly associated with HCC survival through univariate analysis and SIS. Univariate analysis of clinical characteristics identified age and risk factors (including alcohol consumption and smoking) as independent factors that indicated HCC survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that the integrated prognostic signature (weighted combination of the five CpG sites) that took age and risk factors into consideration resulted in more accurate survival prediction. Conclusions: This study provides a novel signature for predicting HCC survival, and should be helpful for early HCC diagnosis and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Tianqiang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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55
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Huang JF, Wang Y, Liu F, Liu Y, Zhao CX, Guo YJ, Sun SH. EVI1 promotes cell proliferation in HBx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis as a critical transcription factor regulating lncRNAs. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21887-99. [PMID: 26967394 PMCID: PMC5008331 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein in epigenetic modifications during hepatocarcinogenesis has been previously characterized. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a kind of epigenetic regulator molecules, have also been shown to play crucial roles in HBx-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we analyzed the key transcription factors of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in the livers of HBx transgenic mice by bioinformatics prediction, and found that ecotropic viral integration site 1 (Evi1) was a potential main transcription regulator. Further investigation showed that EVI1 was positively correlated to HBx expression and was frequently up-regulated in HBV-related HCC tissues. The forced expression of HBx in liver cell lines resulted in a significant increase of the expression of EVI1. Furthermore, suppression of EVI1 expression decreased the proliferation of HCC cells overexpressing HBx in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that EVI1 is frequently up-regulated and regulates a cluster of lncRNAs in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These findings highlight a novel mechanism for HBx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis through transcription factor EVI1 and its target lncRNAs, and provide a potential new approach to predict the functions of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Huang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Liu
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhao
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jun Guo
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Han Sun
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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56
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Choi JI, Cho EH, Kim SB, Kim R, Kwon J, Park M, Shin HJ, Ryu HS, Park SH, Lee KH. Promoter methylation of cysteine dioxygenase type 1: gene silencing and tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2017; 21:181-187. [PMID: 29264579 PMCID: PMC5736736 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.2017.21.4.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) acts as a tumor suppressor and is silenced by promoter methylation in various malignancies. The relationship between the CDO1 methylation status and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis was evaluated. Methods Using a HCC cell line (SNU423), an in vitro demethylation study was performed to confirm whether promoter methylation causes CDO1 down-regulation. The SNU423 cells transfected with the CDO1 cell function was compared to that of naïve cells. An in vivo study using immunohistochemical staining of HCC specimens that were collected from patients who underwent curative liver resection was also performed. Results CDO1 was activated after demethylation treatment in the HCC specimens. Moreover, tumor cell proliferation, colony-forming, migration, and invasion activities significantly decreased after CDO1 transfection (p<0.05). The percentage of tumors that were larger than 5 cm was higher in patients who had a lower expression of CDO1 (p=0.030). Vascular invasion and histological grade were independent prognostic factors for poor overall and recurrence-free survival. The degree of CDO1 expression was not an independent prognostic factor in this study's population. Conclusions These results suggested that methylation down-regulated CDO1 expression in the HCC cells. CDO1 methylation may be a potentially valuable diagnostic biomarker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Choi
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung-Ho Cho
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryounggo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Dongnam Institution of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - Junhye Kwon
- Department of Translational Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Misun Park
- Department of Translational Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Shin
- Department of Translational Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hoo Park
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Ho Lee
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medication Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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57
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Lv X, Ye G, Zhang X, Huang T. p16 Methylation was associated with the development, age, hepatic viruses infection of hepatocellular carcinoma, and p16 expression had a poor survival: A systematic meta-analysis (PRISMA). Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8106. [PMID: 28930859 PMCID: PMC5617726 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of tumor suppressor gene p16 expression via promoter methylation has been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between p16 methylation and HCC. Additionally, we also analyzed the potential prognostic role of p16 methylation, expression or alteration-associated HCC. METHODS Online databases based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline were performed to analyze the role of p16 gene in HCC. The combined odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were summarized. RESULTS Final 3105 HCCs and 808 non-tumor controls (chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis) were performed in this meta-analysis. p16 promoter methylation in HCC was significantly higher than in chronic hepatitis and chronic hepatitis in tissue and blood samples. In addition, p16 promoter methylation was notably higher in patients >50 years' old than in patients aged <50 years, and it was higher in hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive HCC than in hepatic viruses-negative HCC. However, p16 promoter methylation was not correlated with sex, cirrhosis, tumor differentiation, clinical stage. No association was found between p16 methylation or alteration and the prognosis of patients with HCC in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Although p16 expression was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis in OS and DFS (P < .05) CONCLUSIONS:: Our results indicate that p16 methylation was linked to the development, age, HBV, and HCV infection of HCC. p16 methylation or alteration was not associated with the prognosis, but p16 expression was linked to a poor survival.
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58
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Liu D, Liu P, Cao L, Zhang Q, Chen Y. Screening the key genes of hepatocellular adenoma via microarray analysis of DNA expression and methylation profiles. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3975-3980. [PMID: 28943905 PMCID: PMC5605960 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the biomarkers involved in the development of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) through integrated analysis of gene expression and methylation microarray. The microarray dataset GSE7473, containing HNF1α-mutated HCA and their corresponding non-tumor livers, 5 HNF1α-mutated HCA and 4 non-related non-tumor livers, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The DNA methylation profile GSE43091, consisting of 50 HCA and 4 normal liver tissues, was also downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the limma package of R. A t-test was conducted on the differentially methylated sites. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed through the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Analysis. The genes corresponding to the differentially methylated sites were obtained by the annotation files of methylation chip platform. A total of 182 DEGs and 3,902 differentially methylated sites were identified in HCA. In addition, 238 enriched GO terms, including organic acid metabolic process and carboxylic acid metabolic process, and 14 KEGG pathways, including chemical carcinogenesis, were identified. Furthermore, 12 DEGs were identified to contain differentially methylated sites, among which, 8 overlapped genes, including pregnancy zone protein and solute carrier family 22 member 1 (SLC22A1), exhibited inverse associations between gene expression levels and DNA methylation levels. The DNA methylation levels may be potential targets of HCA. The present study revealed that the 8 overlapped genes, including annexin A2, chitinase 3-like 1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, mal, T-cell differentiation protein like, palladin, cytoskeletal associated protein, plasmalemma vesicle associated protein and SLC22A1, may be potential therapeutic targets of HCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Sino-US Center of Lymphoma and Leukemia, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Liye Cao
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Yaqing Chen
- Department of VIP Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
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59
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Chen Q, Yin D, Zhang Y, Yu L, Li XD, Zhou ZJ, Zhou SL, Gao DM, Hu J, Jin C, Wang Z, Shi YH, Cao Y, Fan J, Dai Z, Zhou J. MicroRNA-29a induces loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and promotes metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through a TET-SOCS1-MMP9 signaling axis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2906. [PMID: 28661477 PMCID: PMC5520877 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ten eleven translocation (TET) enzymes convert 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine (5-hmC) and have crucial roles in biological and pathological processes by mediating DNA demethylation, however, the functional role of this epigenetic mark and the related enzymes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that TET-family enzymes downregulation was one likely mechanism underlying 5-hmC loss in HCC. We found that miR-29a overexpression increased DNA methylation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) promoter was associated with HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, miR-29a silenced anti-metastatic SOCS1 through direct TET-family targeting, resulting in SOCS1 promoter demethylation inhibition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses confirmed that TET1 regulated SOCS1 expression through binding to the promoter region of SOCS1. Finally, miR-29a overexpression correlated with poor clinical outcomes and TET-SOCS1-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 axis silencing in HCC patients. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that 5-hmC loss is an epigenetic hallmark of HCC, and miR-29a is an important epigenetic modifier, promoting HCC metastasis through TET-SOCS1-MMP9 axis silencing. The results offer a new strategy for epigenetic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue-Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shao-Lai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dong-Mei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying-Hong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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60
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Zhang R, Real CI, Liu C, Baba HA, Gerken G, Lu M, Broering R. Hepatic expression of oncogenes Bmi1 and Dkk1 is up-regulated in hepatitis B virus surface antigen-transgenic mice and can be induced by treatment with HBV particles or lipopolysaccharides in vitro. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:354-363. [PMID: 28419472 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops more frequently in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-transgenic mice (Alb/HBs) than in wild-type (WT) mice. However, the mechanism of this HCC model has not been well documented. Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) signaling probably links innate immunity and HCC progression. This study was designed to investigate the role of innate immunity in hepatocarcinogenesis in Alb/HBs mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of liver specimens from Alb/HBs mice (16 per group) showed that the oncogenes Bmi1 (16/16, 100%) and Dkk1 (13/16, 81.25%) were highly expressed in Alb/HBs mice, whereas the other oncogenes evaluated were expressed in smaller percentages of mice (Afp, 9/16, 56.2%; Ctnnb1, 5/16, 31.3%; Epcam, 0/16; 0%). Comparable results were obtained by quantitative PCR analysis. Hepatic gene expression of Tlr2, Tlr4, Il6 and Tnf was additionally elevated in Alb/HBs mice. Stimulation of primary murine hepatocytes with cell culture-derived HBV particles or LPS increased the expression of oncogenes (Bmi1, Dkk1) and inflammatory factors (Tnf, Il6, Tlr4). Proliferation and colony formation of hepatoma cells were enhanced by treatment with HBV and LPS and were impaired by the suppression of Bmi1 and Dkk1 by small interfering RNAs. Substantial induction of BMI1 and DKK1 was found in liver biopsy samples from patients with HBV-related HCC but not in HCC samples without HBV infection background. These findings suggest that innate immunity may link inflammation and tumor progression during chronic HBV infection, involving the oncogenes BMI1 and DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany.,Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Catherine I Real
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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61
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Zamor PJ, deLemos AS, Russo MW. Viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: etiology and management. J Gastrointest Oncol 2017; 8:229-242. [PMID: 28480063 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2017.03.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) are associated with hepatic fibrosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are differences and variation with the incidence of HCC worldwide. Additionally, HCC develops via different pathways with these viral hepatitides. This review outlines the various mechanisms and pathophysiology that contributes to this process. There will also be a review on the recommended screening for HCC. Treatment considerations, which are different for these viruses, will be outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe J Zamor
- Division of Hepatology, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, USA
| | - Andrew S deLemos
- Division of Hepatology, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, USA
| | - Mark W Russo
- Division of Hepatology, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, USA
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Tian MM, Fan YC, Zhao J, Gao S, Zhao ZH, Chen LY, Wang K. Hepatocellular carcinoma suppressor 1 promoter hypermethylation in serum. A diagnostic and prognostic study in hepatitis B. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:171-180. [PMID: 28189396 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in man worldwide, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the liver. The sensitivity of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as an HCC diagnostic marker for HCC diagnosis is 39-65%, and one-third patients with HCC are missed using AFP. New biomarkers are needed to diagnose HCC at an earlier stage and to individualize treatment strategies. Hepatocellular carcinoma suppressor 1 (HCCS1) is a newly identified liver tumor suppressor gene. OBJECTIVE Our study evaluated the diagnostic value of serum HCCS1 promoter methylation in patients with HCC associated with hepatitis B. METHODS We determined the methylation status of serum HCCS1 promoter in 120 patients with HCC, 146 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 27 healthy controls (HCs) by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Evaluation of a cohort with 63 patients with HCC and 44 patients with CHB was set as a validation dataset. RESULTS The frequency of HCCS1 promoter methylation in patients with HCC was significantly higher than that in patients with CHB (P<0.001) and HCs (P<0.001), and was associated with tumor node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P=0.01). The sensitivity of serum HCCS1 promoter methylation for discriminating patients with HCC from CHB was 62.5% and that of AFP alone was 55%. Notably, the sensitivity of serum HCCS1 promoter methylation plus AFP level was 81.7%. CONCLUSION HCCS1 has potential as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Tian
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ze-Hua Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Long-Yan Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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63
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Seto WK, Lau EHY, Wu JTK, Hung IFN, Leung WK, Cheung KS, Fung J, Lai CL, Yuen MF. Effects of nucleoside analogue prescription for hepatitis B on the incidence of liver cancer in Hong Kong: a territory-wide ecological study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:501-509. [PMID: 27976416 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The temporal relationship between nucleoside analogue therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and liver cancer development has not been evaluated at a population level. AIM To investigate the impact of nucleoside analogue prescription on liver cancer incidence in a CHB-prevalent region. METHODS We obtained territory-wide nucleoside analogue prescription data from 1999, when nucleoside analogue was first available in Hong Kong, to 2012 and the population-based liver cancer incidence data from 1990 to 2012. We compared the liver cancer incidences from 1990 to 1998 and 1999 to 2012 with adjustment for local hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence. RESULTS Nucleoside analogue prescription patient headcount increased from 2006 per year in 1999 to 26 411 in 2012. Prescription volume in 2012 was highest among 55-64 years (30.3%), higher than 65-74 years (13.0%) and ≥75 years (5.8%). Age-standardised liver cancer incidence 1999-2012 decreased by 1.88%/year (95% CI 3.34% to 0.42%/year). NA therapy was associated with decline in age-adjusted liver cancer incidence (2.7 per 100 000 persons, P < 0.001, 95% CI 1.4-4.0 per 100 000 persons). Fifty-five to sixty-four years age group had the most significant decline (men: 24.0 per 100 000 persons, P = 0.001, 95% CI 11.4-36.6 per 100 000 persons; women: 8.5 per 100 000 persons, P = 0.009, 95% CI 2.3-14.6 per 100 000 persons). No significant association was noted in age groups 65-74 years and ≥75 years (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nucleoside analogue prescription was associated with a reduction of overall liver cancer incidence in a CHB-prevalent region. The lack of association among individuals of ≥65 years was consistent with the low nucleoside analogue prescription volume in elderly patients, mitigating the impact of CHB treatment on liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-K Seto
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - E H Y Lau
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J T K Wu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - I F N Hung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W K Leung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K-S Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - J Fung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C-L Lai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - M-F Yuen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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64
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Hlady RA, Zhou D, Puszyk W, Roberts LR, Liu C, Robertson KD. Initiation of aberrant DNA methylation patterns and heterogeneity in precancerous lesions of human hepatocellular cancer. Epigenetics 2017; 12:215-225. [PMID: 28059585 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1277297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While intratumor heterogeneity contributes to disease progression, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy, it also provides a route to understanding the evolution and drivers of disease. Defects in epigenetic landscapes are intimately linked to pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, with epigenetic deregulation promoting tumorigenesis. Understanding epigenetic heterogeneity is crucial in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where epigenetic alterations are frequent, early, and pathogenic events. We determined genome-wide DNA methylation and copy number variation leveraging the Infinium 450K in a series of regenerative nodules from within single patient livers. Bioinformatics strategies were used to ascertain within-patient heterogeneity, link epigenetic changes to clinical features, and determine their relevance to disease pathogenesis. Our data demonstrate that DNA methylation and copy number alterations evolve during the pre-neoplastic phase of HCC and independently segregate regenerative nodules into distinct clusters. Regenerative nodules with a high frequency of epigenetic changes have significantly lower copy number variation, suggesting that individual nodules have differential enrichment of epigenetic and genetic components, with both contributing to disease progression. Regenerative nodules were scored based on 'epigenetic progression' with higher scores associated with increased proliferation measured by Ki67 staining. Early events observed in epigenetically 'aggressive' nodules are enriched for genes involved in liver cancer. Our study demonstrates that marked epigenetic and genetic heterogeneity exists in early pre-neoplastic liver tissue within individual patients, emphasizing the potential contributions of each mechanism to driving liver disease progression, and it unveils strategies for identifying epigenetic drivers of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Hlady
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - William Puszyk
- b Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- c Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Chen Liu
- d Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Rutgers University , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Keith D Robertson
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,e Center for Individualized Medicine , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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65
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Genetic basis of hepatitis virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: linkage between infection, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:26-38. [PMID: 27714455 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis virus infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although anti-viral therapies against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have dramatically progressed during the past decade, the estimated number of people chronically infected with HBV and/or HCV is ~370 million, and hepatitis virus-associated hepatocarcinogenesis is a serious health concern worldwide. Understanding the mechanism of virus-associated carcinogenesis is crucial toward both treatment and prevention, and the recently developed whole genome/exome sequencing analysis using next-generation sequencing technologies has contributed to unveiling the landscape of genetic and epigenetic aberrations in not only tumor tissues but also the background liver tissues underlying chronic liver damage caused by hepatitis virus infection. Several major mechanisms underlie the genetic and epigenetic aberrations in the hepatitis virus-infected liver, such as the generation of reactive oxidative stress, ectopic expression of DNA mutator enzymes, and dysfunction of the DNA repair system. In addition, direct oncogenic effects of hepatitis virus, represented by the integration of HBV-DNA, are observed in infected hepatocytes. Elucidating the whole picture of genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, will facilitate the development of efficient treatment and prevention strategies for hepatitis virus-associated HCC.
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66
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Inokawa Y, Inaoka K, Sonohara F, Hayashi M, Kanda M, Nomoto S. Molecular alterations in the carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma: Tumor factors and background liver factors. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3662-3668. [PMID: 27900050 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with poor prognosis worldwide, the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis and progression of this disease remain unclear. Several tumor characteristics have previously been demonstrated to be prognostic factors of survival following hepatic resection, or the recurrence of HCC or other types of cancer. Comparisons of normal tissues and HCC tumor tissues have revealed the presence of numerous molecular alterations in HCC, including genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, particularly mutations in certain genes and DNA methylation in the promoter regions of tumor-suppressor genes. A number of studies have previously used array analysis to detect variations in the expression levels of cancer-associated genes and microRNAs, and in DNA methylation. However, an investigation of HCC tumor tissues may not determine the effect of noncancerous liver tissues (background liver) in patients with HCC. As HCC may recur multicentrically following resection, a damaged or chronically diseased HCC background liver may be considered as a pre-cancerous organ. Therefore, the influence of the background liver on HCC requires further study. Detailed studies regarding the background liver may be essential for the improved understanding of the carcinogenesis and progression of this malignancy; however only a few studies have investigated the microenvironment of the HCC background liver. The present review discusses prior molecular studies of hepatocarcinogenesis that focus on HCC and background liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Inokawa
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenichi Inaoka
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sonohara
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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67
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Qiu X, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Zheng F. Aberrant methylation of TRIM58 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its potential clinical implication. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:811-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Araújo OC, Rosa AS, Fernandes A, Niel C, Villela-Nogueira CA, Pannain V, Araujo NM. RASSF1A and DOK1 Promoter Methylation Levels in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Cirrhotic and Non-Cirrhotic Liver, and Correlation with Liver Cancer in Brazilian Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153796. [PMID: 27078152 PMCID: PMC4831787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Most cases of HCC are associated with cirrhosis related to chronic hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infections. Hypermethylation of promoter regions is the main epigenetic mechanism of gene silencing and has been involved in HCC development. The aim of this study was to determine whether aberrant methylation of RASSF1A and DOK1 gene promoters is associated with the progression of liver disease in Brazilian patients. Methylation levels were measured by pyrosequencing in 41 (20 HCC, 9 cirrhotic, and 12 non-cirrhotic) liver tissue samples. Mean rates of methylation in RASSF1A and DOK1 were 16.2% and 12.0% in non-cirrhotic, 26.1% and 19.6% in cirrhotic, and 59.1% and 56.0% in HCC tissues, respectively, showing a gradual increase according to the progression of the disease, with significantly higher levels in tumor tissues. In addition, hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DOK1 was found in the vast majority (88%) of the HCC cases. Interestingly, DOK1 methylation levels in HCC samples were significantly higher in the group of younger (<40 years) patients, and higher in moderately differentiated than in poorly differentiated tumors (p < 0.05). Our results reinforce the hypothesis that hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DOK1 contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis and is associated to clinicopathological characteristics. RASSF1A and DOK1 promoter hypermethylation may be a valuable biomarker for early diagnosis of HCC and a potential molecular target for epigenetic-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar C Araújo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Agatha S Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arlete Fernandes
- Department of Pathology, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christian Niel
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A Villela-Nogueira
- Hepatology Division, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vera Pannain
- Department of Pathology, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Araujo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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69
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Niu ZS, Niu XJ, Wang WH, Zhao J. Latest developments in precancerous lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3305-3314. [PMID: 27022212 PMCID: PMC4806188 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i12.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis in human chronic liver diseases is a multi-step process in which hepatic precancerous lesions progress into early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and progressed HCC, and the close surveillance and treatment of these lesions will help improve the survival rates of patients with HCC. The rapid development and extensive application of imaging technology have facilitated the discovery of nodular lesions of ambiguous significance, such as dysplastic nodules. Further investigations showed that these nodules may be hepatic precancerous lesions, and they often appear in patients with liver cirrhosis. Although the morphology of these nodules is not sufficient to support a diagnosis of malignant tumor, these nodules are closely correlated with the occurrence of HCC, as indicated by long-term follow-up studies. In recent years, the rapid development and wide application of pathology, molecular genetics and imaging technology have elucidated the characteristics of precancerous lesions. Based on our extensive review of the relevant literature, this article focuses on evidence indicating that high-grade dysplastic nodules are more likely to transform into HCC than low-grade dysplastic nodules based on clinical, pathological, molecular genetic and radiological assessments. In addition, evidence supporting the precancerous nature of large cell change in hepatitis B virus-related HCC is discussed.
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70
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El-Araby AM, Fouad AA, Hanbal AM, Abdelwahab SM, Qassem OM, El-Araby ME. Epigenetic Pathways of Oncogenic Viruses: Therapeutic Promises. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:73-90. [PMID: 26754591 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancerous transformation comprises different events that are both genetic and epigenetic. The ultimate goal for such events is to maintain cell survival and proliferation. This transformation occurs as a consequence of different features such as environmental and genetic factors, as well as some types of infection. Many viral infections are considered to be causative agents of a number of different malignancies. To convert normal cells into cancerous cells, oncogenic viruses must function at the epigenetic level to communicate with their host cells. Oncogenic viruses encode certain epigenetic factors that lead to the immortality and proliferation of infected cells. The epigenetic effectors produced by oncogenic viruses constitute appealing targets to prevent and treat malignant diseases caused by these viruses. In this review, we highlight the importance of epigenetic reprogramming for virus-induced oncogenesis, with special emphasis on viral epigenetic oncoproteins as therapeutic targets. The discovery of molecular components that target epigenetic pathways, especially viral factors, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr M El-Araby
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amr M Hanbal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Omar M Qassem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moustafa E El-Araby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Alsulaymanya, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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71
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Qiu X, Hu B, Huang Y, Deng Y, Wang X, Zheng F. Hypermethylation of ACP1, BMP4, and TSPYL5 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Potential Clinical Significance. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:149-57. [PMID: 26386860 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Aberrant methylation of specific genes is frequent event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our present study aims to explore the methylation levels of acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), and testis-specific protein, Y-encoded-like 5 (TSPYL5) and their potential clinical applications in HCC. METHODS The methylation levels of ACP1, BMP4 and TSPYL5 were analyzed in 188 HCC tissues, 163 matched adjacent non-tumor tissues, and 29 normal liver tissues using a method of methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-based quantitative PCR, and their associations with clinicopathological features and prognosis were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues and normal liver tissues, the methylation levels of ACP1, BMP4, and TSPYL5 were significantly increased in HCC tissues (All p < 0.0001). The methylation of each individual gene could distinguish HCC tissues well from adjacent non-tumor tissues with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of 0.753, 0.785 and 0.917, respectively. Furthermore, a higher methylation of BMP4 was statistically associated with worse disease-free survival (p = 0.006) and might be an independent unfavorable factor for disease-free survival by univariate and multivariate analysis (p = 0.011, HR 3.431, 95 % CI 1.333-8.833). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that hypermethylation of ACP1, BMP4, and TSPYL5 are common events in HCC and could be used as potentially detectable biomarkers in HCC tissues. Moreover, BMP4 could be potentially served as a methylated biomarker to predict recurrence and metastasis after hepatectomy for HCC patients. However, their potential clinical application value need to be further clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Qiu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Rd 169, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, Guandong, China.
| | - Yifang Huang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Rd 169, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yunte Deng
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Rd 169, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Rd 169, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Xia L, Gong Y, Zhang A, Cai S, Zeng Q. Loss of GATA5 expression due to gene promoter methylation induces growth and colony formation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:861-869. [PMID: 26870297 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GATA5 is a transcription factor that is capable of suppressing the development of various types of human cancer. The present study investigated the expression of GATA5 and GATA4, and examined their roles in the proliferation and colony formation ability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cells. The GATA4 and GATA5 expression levels and gene promoter methylation of HCC tissue samples from 38 patients and HCC cell lines were analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and methylation-specific PCR (MSP), respectively. The effects of GATA4 and GATA5 overexpression on the proliferation and colony forming ability of HCC cells were also assessed using cell viability and colony formation assays. A luciferase reporter assay was utilized to investigate the transcriptional interaction of GATA4 and GATA5 with canonical Wnt signaling. The results indicated that the expression levels of GATA4 and GATA5 were lost or reduced following methylation of gene promoters in HCC tissues and cell lines. Treatment with a demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA), restored GATA4 and GATA5 expression in HCC cell lines. Furthermore, methylation of the GATA5 promoter was observed to be associated with the age of patients exhibiting HCC. Restoration of GATA4 and GATA5 expression inhibited colony formation and induced apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro. The present study concluded that the expression levels of GATA4 and GATA5 were reduced in HCC tissues and cell lines. Treatment with 5-AZA restored GATA4 and GATA5 expression in HCC cell lines, suppressing tumor cell growth and colony formation, as well as inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Department of Medical Security, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gong
- Health Management Institute, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Aiqun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Shouwang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Health Management Institute, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Niller HH, Ay E, Banati F, Demcsák A, Takacs M, Minarovits J. Wild type HBx and truncated HBx: Pleiotropic regulators driving sequential genetic and epigenetic steps of hepatocarcinogenesis and progression of HBV-associated neoplasms. Rev Med Virol 2015; 26:57-73. [PMID: 26593760 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the causative agents of hepatocellular carcinoma. The molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis are complex. One of the host factors involved is apparently the long-lasting inflammatory reaction which accompanies chronic HBV infection. Although HBV lacks a typical viral oncogene, the HBx gene encoding a pleiotropic regulatory protein emerged as a major player in liver carcinogenesis. Here we review the tumorigenic functions of HBx with an emphasis on wild type and truncated HBx variants, and their role in the transcriptional dysregulation and epigenetic reprogramming of the host cell genome. We suggest that HBx acquired by the HBV genome during evolution acts like a cellular proto-onc gene that is activated by deletion during hepatocarcinogenesis. The resulting viral oncogene (v-onc gene) codes for a truncated HBx protein that facilitates tumor progression. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Helmut Niller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Ay
- Department of Retrovirology, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Banati
- RT-Europe Nonprofit Research Center, Mosonmagyarovar, Hungary
| | - Anett Demcsák
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria Takacs
- Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Minarovits
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Szeged, Hungary
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74
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Dekervel J, van Pelt J, Verslype C. DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma: what is the use? Hepat Oncol 2015; 2:321-323. [PMID: 30191011 DOI: 10.2217/hep.15.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Dekervel
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven & Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven & Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Verslype
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven & Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Loaiza-Bonilla A, Furth EE, Morrissette JJD. Next-generation sequencing and personalized genomic medicine in hepatobiliary malignancies. Hepat Oncol 2015; 2:359-370. [PMID: 30191018 PMCID: PMC6095428 DOI: 10.2217/hep.15.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by significant molecular and genomic heterogeneity. The advent of powerful genomic technologies has allowed detection of recurrent somatic alterations in liver cancer, including mutations, copy number alterations as well as changes in transcriptomes and epigenomes, with the potential to translate these data into clinically relevant predictive and prognostic factors. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the application of high-throughput genomic technologies in liver cancer and the integration of such cancer genome profiling data, highlighting specific relevant subgroups and explain how this knowledge can be used in translational clinical research, 'basket trials', molecular tumor boards, targeted therapy and for personalized genomic medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Loaiza-Bonilla
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emma E Furth
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer JD Morrissette
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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76
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Tobelaim WS, Beaurivage C, Champagne A, Pomerleau V, Simoneau A, Chababi W, Yeganeh M, Thibault P, Klinck R, Carrier JC, Ferbeyre G, Ilangumaran S, Saucier C. Tumour-promoting role of SOCS1 in colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14301. [PMID: 26391193 PMCID: PMC4585755 DOI: 10.1038/srep14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The SOCS1 (Suppressor Of Cytokine Signalling 1) protein is considered a tumour suppressor. Notably, the SOCS1 gene is frequently silenced in cancer by hypermethylation of its promoter. Besides blocking inflammation, SOCS1 tumour suppressor activity involves Met receptor inhibition and enhancement of p53 tumour suppressor activity. However, the role of SOCS1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains understudied and controversial. Here, we investigated SOCS1 relevance for CRC by querying gene expression datasets of human CRC specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and by SOCS1 gain/loss-of-function analyses in murine and human colon carcinoma cells. Our results show that SOCS1 mRNA levels in tumours were more often elevated than reduced with respect to matched adjacent normal tissue of CRC specimens (n = 41). The analysis of TCGA dataset of 431 CRC patients revealed no correlation between SOCS1 expression and overall survival. Overexpression of SOCS1 in CRC cells triggered cell growth enhancement, anchorage-independent growth and resistance to death stimuli, whereas knockdown of SOCS1 reduced these oncogenic features. Moreover, SOCS1 overexpression in mouse CT26 cells increased tumourigenesis in vivo. Biochemical analyses showed that SOCS1 pro-oncogenic activity correlated with the down-modulation of STAT1 expression. Collectively, these results suggest that SOCS1 may work as an oncogene in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Tobelaim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Claudia Beaurivage
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Audrey Champagne
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Véronique Pomerleau
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Aline Simoneau
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Walid Chababi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Mehdi Yeganeh
- Department of Pediatrics and Immunology division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Philippe Thibault
- Department of Microbiology and Infectiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Roscoe Klinck
- Department of Microbiology and Infectiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Julie C Carrier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Pediatrics and Immunology division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Caroline Saucier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1E 4K8, Canada
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77
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Gao S, Sun FK, Fan YC, Shi CH, Zhang ZH, Wang LY, Wang K. Aberrant GSTP1 promoter methylation predicts short-term prognosis in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:319-29. [PMID: 26040771 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) methylation has been demonstrated to be associated with oxidative stress induced liver damage in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF). AIM To evaluate the methylation level of GSTP1 promoter in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure and determine its predictive value for prognosis. METHODS One hundred and five patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure, 86 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 30 healthy controls (HC) were retrospectively enrolled. GSTP1 methylation level in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) was detected by MethyLight. Clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained. RESULTS GSTP1 methylation levels were significantly higher in patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (median 16.84%, interquartile range 1.83-59.05%) than those with CHB (median 1.25%, interquartile range 0.48-2.47%; P < 0.01) and HC (median 0.80%, interquartile range 0.67-1.27%; P < 0.01). In acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure group, nonsurvivors showed significantly higher GSTP1 methylation levels (P < 0.05) than survivors. GSTP1 methylation level was significantly correlated with total bilirubin (r = 0.29, P < 0.01), prothrombin time activity (r = -0.24, P = 0.01) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score (r = 0.26, P = 0.01). When used to predict 1- or 2-month mortality of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure, GSTP1 methylation showed significantly better predictive value than MELD score [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.89 vs. 0.72, P < 0.01; AUC 0.83 vs. 0.70, P < 0.05 respectively]. Meanwhile, patients with GSTP1 methylation levels above the cut-off points showed significantly poorer survival than those below (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Aberrant GSTP1 promoter methylation exists in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure and shows high predictive value for short-term mortality. It might serve as a potential prognostic marker for acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - F-K Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Y-C Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - C-H Shi
- Department of Hepatology, Qingdao Infectious Disease Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Z-H Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - L-Y Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - K Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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78
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Pazienza V, Panebianco C, Andriulli A. Hepatitis viruses exploitation of host DNA methyltransferases functions. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:265-72. [PMID: 26148656 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Delta (HDV) infections are a global health burden. With different routes of infection and biology, HBV, HCV and HDV are capable to induce liver cirrhosis and cancer by impinging on epigenetic mechanisms altering host cell's pathways. In the present manuscript, we reviewed the published studies taking into account the relationship between the hepatitis viruses and the DNA methyltransferases proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Pazienza
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" IRCCS Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Concetta Panebianco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" IRCCS Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Angelo Andriulli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" IRCCS Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
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79
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Li G, Yuan L, Liu D, Liu J. Upregulation of Leucine Zipper Protein mRNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated With Poor Prognosis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:517-22. [PMID: 26031464 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615587432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine zipper protein (LUZP) plays key roles in development. Overexpression of LUZP was documented in several types of solid tumors. In this study, expression of LUZP messenger RNA (LUZP mRNA) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was examined, and the correlations of LUZP mRNA level with patients' characteristics and prognosis were also investigated. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from HCC and paired noncancerous liver tissues of 77 patients. Expression of LUZP mRNA in the tissues was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Using average LUZP mRNA level in noncancerous liver tissues as the cutoff, patients with HCC were categorized into high-expression group and low-expression group. Correlations of LUZP mRNA with clinical parameters were analyzed. Overall survival of the patients in the 2 groups was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The LUZP mRNA level was significantly higher in HCC samples than in the noncancerous liver tissues (1.87 ± 0.11 vs 0.58 ± 0.05, P < .01). Significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of portal vein invasion, Tumor Lymph Node Metastasis (TNM) stage, and recurrence of HCC. The current study failed to find significant differences between the 2 groups in clinical characteristics such as age, gender, lymph node metastasis, hepatitis B virus infection, family HCC history, and alcohol intake. Overall survival in high-expression group was 12 months while that in the low-expression group was 34 months (P = .03). CONCLUSION The LUZP mRNA is a prognostic indicator in HCC, and overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbing Li
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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80
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Epigenetic regulations of inflammatory cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids: molecular basis and pathophysiological consequences. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:841097. [PMID: 25944989 PMCID: PMC4402557 DOI: 10.1155/2015/841097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential relevance of prostanoid signaling in immunity and immunological disorders, or disease susceptibility and individual variations in drug responses, is an important area for investigation. The deregulation of Cyclooxygenase- (COX-) derived prostanoids has been reported in several immunoinflammatory disorders such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. In addition to the environmental factors and the genetic background to diseases, epigenetic mechanisms involved in the fine regulation of prostanoid biosynthesis and/or receptor signaling appeared to be an additional level of complexity in the understanding of prostanoid biology and crucial in controlling the different components of the COX pathways. Epigenetic alterations targeting inflammatory components of prostanoid biosynthesis and signaling pathways may be important in the process of neoplasia, depending on the tissue microenvironment and target genes. Here, we focused on the epigenetic modifications of inflammatory prostanoids in physiological immune response and immunological disorders. We described how major prostanoids and their receptors can be functionally regulated epigenetically and consequently the impact of these processes in the pathogenesis inflammatory diseases and the development of therapeutic approaches that may have important clinical applications.
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81
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Wang JC, Wang Z, Fan YX, Si YQ, Wang JX. DNA methyltransferase 3b silencing affects locus-specific DNA methylation and inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 and BEL-7402 cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2499-2506. [PMID: 26137097 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important regulator of gene transcription, and its role in carcinogenesis has been a topic of considerable interest in previous years. The present study examined the influence of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) on cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and the methylation status of identified tumor suppressor genes in hepatoma SMMC-7721 and BEL-7402 cells. DNMT3b was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Transfection efficiency was verified using a fluorescent imaging system, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. A cell proliferation assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The migratory and invasive ability of cells was measured using a Transwell assay. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was performed to assess methylation in the promoter region of genes. The present data revealed that DNMT3b siRNA successfully inhibited expression of the DNMT3b gene in these two liver cancer cell lines and therefore inhibited the proliferation of the transfected cells, stimulated apoptosis in the cells, led to an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase and decreased cell migration and invasion. It was also found that silencing DNMT3b expression results in hypomethylation of specific sets of gene promoters and increases the expression of distinct set of genes in HCC cell lines. The present study is therefore useful for assessing the specificity of emerging action based on the altered expression of associated regulatory genes, particularly in methylation-silenced genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Wang
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xia Fan
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qing Si
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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82
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Zhao Y, Xue F, Sun J, Guo S, Zhang H, Qiu B, Geng J, Gu J, Zhou X, Wang W, Zhang Z, Tang N, He Y, Yu J, Xia Q. Genome-wide methylation profiling of the different stages of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma development in plasma cell-free DNA reveals potential biomarkers for early detection and high-risk monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2014; 6:30. [PMID: 25859288 PMCID: PMC4391300 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-6-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that has been described in southeast Asia includes the transition from chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) to liver cirrhosis (LC) and, finally, to HCC. The genome-wide methylation profiling of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has not previously been used to assess HCC development. Using MethylCap-seq, we analyzed the genome-wide cfDNA methylation profiles by separately pooling healthy control (HC), CHB, LC and HCC samples and independently validating the library data for the tissue DNA and cfDNA by MSP, qMSP and Multiplex-BSP-seq. RESULTS The dynamic features of cfDNA methylation coincided with the natural course of HCC development. Data mining revealed the presence of 240, 272 and 286 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) corresponding to the early, middle and late stages of HCC progression, respectively. The validation of the DNA and cfDNA results in independent tissues identified three DMGs, including ZNF300, SLC22A20 and SHISA7, with the potential for distinguishing between CHB and LC as well as between LC and HCC. The area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.65 to 0.80, and the odds ratio (OR) values ranged from 5.18 to 14.2. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed highly dynamic cfDNA methylation profiles in support of HBV-related HCC development. We have identified a panel of DMGs that are predictive for the early, middle and late stages of HCC development, and these are potential markers for the early detection of HCC as well as the screening of high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, LN 2200/25,Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Jinfeng Sun
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Institute,Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, LN 2200/25,Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Bijun Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Junfeng Geng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Jun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, LN 2200/25,Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of NPFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, LN 2200/25,Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, LN 2200/25,Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ning Tang
- Shanghai Cancer Institute,Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, LN 2200/25,Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yinghua He
- Shanghai Cancer Institute,Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, LN 2200/25,Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, LN 2200/25,Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
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83
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Yang Y, Fan YC, Gao S, Dou CY, Zhang JJ, Sun FK, Wang K. Methylated cysteine dioxygenase-1 gene promoter in the serum is a potential biomarker for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2014; 232:187-94. [PMID: 24646840 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.232.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Epigenetic analysis has attracted increasing attention in the molecular diagnosis of HCC. Cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) is a key enzyme in the taurine biosynthetic pathway and converts cysteine to cysteine sulfinate. The CDO1 gene is a tumor suppressor gene and is usually silenced by the methylation of its promoter in carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated whether the methylation status of CDO1 gene promoter is of diagnostic value for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC. The CDO1 promoter methylation status was determined in serum samples using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in a cohort of 123 patients with HBV-related HCC, 28 with liver cirrhosis (LC), 29 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 20 healthy controls. The frequency of the CDO1 promoter methylation in HBV-related HCC (42.3%) was significantly higher than that in LC (14.3%), CHB (6.9%) and healthy controls (0%) (P = 0.006; P < 0.0001; P < 0.0001; respectively). Furthermore, in HCC patients, the frequency of CDO1 promoter methylation was higher in advanced stages (III-IV) (53%) than the early stages (I-II) (20%) (P = 0.001). Evaluation of the CDO1 promoter methylation status in serum, in combination with AFP (> 20 ng/ml), significantly improved the diagnostic value, with sensitivity and specificity of 82.9% and 75.4%, respectively in distinguishing HCC from LC and CHB. In conclusion, methylation status of serum CDO1 gene promoter may be helpful in the diagnosis of HCC and the estimation of the HCC stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
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84
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Anestopoulos I, Voulgaridou GP, Georgakilas AG, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Epigenetic therapy as a novel approach in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 145:103-19. [PMID: 25205159 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver malignancy and one with high fatality. Its 5-year survival rate remains low and thus, there is a need for improvement of current treatment strategies as well as development of novel targeted methodologies in order to optimize existing therapeutic protocols. To this end, only recently, it was discovered that its pathophysiology also involves epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and/or non-coding microRNA patterns. Unlike genetic events, epigenetic alterations are reversible and thus potentially considered to be an alternative option in cancer treatment protocols. In this review, we describe the general characteristics and resulted major alterations of the epigenetic machinery as well as current state of progress of epigenetic therapy (via different single or combinatorial experimental approaches) in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- School of Applied Mathematical & Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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85
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Arriazu E, Ruiz de Galarreta M, Cubero FJ, Varela-Rey M, Pérez de Obanos MP, Leung TM, Lopategi A, Benedicto A, Abraham-Enachescu I, Nieto N. Extracellular matrix and liver disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1078-97. [PMID: 24219114 PMCID: PMC4123471 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic microenvironment that undergoes continuous remodeling, particularly during injury and wound healing. Chronic liver injury of many different etiologies such as viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, drug-induced liver injury, obesity and insulin resistance, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune disease is characterized by excessive deposition of ECM proteins in response to persistent liver damage. CRITICAL ISSUES This review describes the main collagenous and noncollagenous components from the ECM that play a significant role in pathological matrix deposition during liver disease. We define how increased myofibroblasts (MF) from different origins are at the forefront of liver fibrosis and how liver cell-specific regulation of the complex scarring process occurs. RECENT ADVANCES Particular attention is paid to the role of cytokines, growth factors, reactive oxygen species, and newly identified matricellular proteins in the regulation of fibrillar type I collagen, a field to which our laboratory has significantly contributed over the years. We compile data from recent literature on the potential mechanisms driving fibrosis resolution such as MF' apoptosis, senescence, and reversal to quiescence. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We conclude with a brief description of how epigenetics, an evolving field, can regulate the behavior of MF and of how new "omics" tools may advance our understanding of the mechanisms by which the fibrogenic response to liver injury occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arriazu
- 1 Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York
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86
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Su YH, Lin SY, Song W, Jain S. DNA markers in molecular diagnostics for hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:803-17. [PMID: 25098554 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.946908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world, mainly due to the difficulty of early detection and limited therapeutic options. The implementation of HCC surveillance programs in well-defined, high-risk populations were only able to detect about 40-50% of HCC at curative stages (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages 0 & 1) due to the low sensitivities of the current screening methods. The advance of sequencing technologies has identified numerous modifications as potential candidate DNA markers for diagnosis/surveillance. Here we aim to provide an overview of the DNA alterations that result in activation of cancer pathways known to potentially drive HCC carcinogenesis and to summarize performance characteristics of each DNA marker in the periphery (blood or urine) for HCC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsiu Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Philadelphia, PA 18902, USA
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87
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Mah WC, Thurnherr T, Chow PKH, Chung AYF, Ooi LLPJ, Toh HC, Teh BT, Saunthararajah Y, Lee CGL. Methylation profiles reveal distinct subgroup of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with poor prognosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104158. [PMID: 25093504 PMCID: PMC4122406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. However, the role of epigenetic changes such as aberrant DNA methylation in hepatocarcinogenesis remains largely unclear. In this study, we examined the methylation profiles of 59 HCC patients. Using consensus hierarchical clustering with feature selection, we identified three tumor subgroups based on their methylation profiles and correlated these subgroups with clinicopathological parameters. Interestingly, one tumor subgroup is different from the other 2 subgroups and the methylation profile of this subgroup is the most distinctly different from the non-tumorous liver tissues. Significantly, this subgroup of patients was found to be associated with poor overall as well as disease-free survival. To further understand the pathways modulated by the deregulation of methylation in HCC patients, we integrated data from both the methylation as well as the gene expression profiles of these 59 HCC patients. In these patients, while 4416 CpG sites were differentially methylated between the tumors compared to the adjacent non-tumorous tissues, only 536 of these CpG sites were associated with differences in the expression of their associated genes. Pathway analysis revealed that forty-four percent of the most significant upstream regulators of these 536 genes were involved in inflammation-related NFκB pathway. These data suggest that inflammation via the NFκB pathway play an important role in modulating gene expression of HCC patients through methylation. Overall, our analysis provides an understanding on aberrant methylation profile in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Way-Champ Mah
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Thurnherr
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pierce K. H. Chow
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - London L. P. J. Ooi
- Department of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Caroline G. L. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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88
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Anwar SL, Lehmann U. DNA methylation, microRNAs, and their crosstalk as potential biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7894-7913. [PMID: 24976726 PMCID: PMC4069317 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i24.7894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have been identified as a major characteristic in human cancers. Advances in the field of epigenetics have contributed significantly in refining our knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying malignant transformation. DNA methylation and microRNA expression are epigenetic mechanisms that are widely altered in human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Both DNA methylation and microRNA expression patterns are regulated in developmental stage specific-, cell type specific- and tissue-specific manner. The aberrations are inferred in the maintenance of cancer stem cells and in clonal cell evolution during carcinogenesis. The availability of genome-wide technologies for DNA methylation and microRNA profiling has revolutionized the field of epigenetics and led to the discovery of a number of epigenetically silenced microRNAs in cancerous cells and primary tissues. Dysregulation of these microRNAs affects several key signalling pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis suggesting that modulation of DNA methylation and/or microRNA expression can serve as new therapeutic targets for HCC. Accumulative evidence shows that aberrant DNA methylation of certain microRNA genes is an event specifically found in HCC which correlates with unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, it can potentially serve as a biomarker for detection as well as for prognosis, monitoring and predicting therapeutic responses in HCC.
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89
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Utsunomiya T, Shimada M, Morine Y, Tajima A, Imoto I. Specific molecular signatures of non-tumor liver tissue may predict a risk of hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:749-54. [PMID: 24766251 PMCID: PMC4317917 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common human cancers and a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The bleak outcomes of HCC patients even after curative treatment have been, at least partially, attributed to its multicentric origin. Therefore, it is necessary to examine not only tumor tissue but also non-tumor liver tissue to investigate the molecular mechanisms operating during hepatocarcinogenesis based on the concept of "field cancerization". Several studies previously investigated the association of molecular alterations in non-tumor liver tissue with clinical features and prognosis in HCC patients on a genome-wide scale. In particular, specific alterations of DNA methylation profiles have been confirmed in non-tumor liver tissue. This review focuses on the possible clinical value of array-based comprehensive analyses of molecular alterations, especially aberrant DNA methylation, in non-tumor liver tissue to clarify the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis. Carcinogenetic risk estimation based on specific methylation signatures may be advantageous for close follow-up of patients who are at high risk of HCC development. Furthermore, epigenetic therapies for patients with chronic liver diseases may be helpful to reduce the risk of HCC development because epigenetic alterations are potentially reversible, and thus provide promising molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Utsunomiya
- Department of Surgery, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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90
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Zhang JJ, Fan YC, Zhao ZH, Yang Y, Dou CY, Gao S, Wang K. Prognoses of patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure are closely associated with altered SOCS1 mRNA expression and cytokine production following glucocorticoid treatment. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 11:396-404. [PMID: 24727541 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 plays a crucial role in the immune response and might contribute to the prognoses of liver failure treated with glucocorticoid. We recruited 47 acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) patients receiving glucocorticoid treatment and 30 healthy controls to determine the potential effects of glucocorticoid on the transcriptional level of SOCS1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. On the third and twenty-eighth days of glucocorticoid treatment, SOCS1 expression was negatively correlated with model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were statistically lower, while the SOCS1 transcription level was higher in survivors than non-survivors both in pre- and post-treatment ACHBLF patients. The methylation rate of the SOCS1 promoter in ACHBLF patients was higher than in healthy control patients as determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA level of SOCS1 in methylated promoters was significantly lower than from patients with unmethylated SOCS1 promoters. interferon (IFN)-γ-responsive and STAT1-dependent gene expression was higher in survivors and was dramatically decreased with rising expression of SOCS1 after glucocorticoid treatment. Mortality rates were significantly higher in methylated patients than for those without methylation at the end of a 90-day follow-up. Furthermore, we found that five in six surviving patients displayed demethylated SOCS1 on the twenty-eighth day after treatment, while that number was 3 in 10 in the non-survivors. These findings suggested that ACHBLF patients without SOCS1 methylation may have a favorable response to corticosteroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- 1] Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China [2] Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Ze-Hua Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Dou
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- 1] Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China [2] Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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91
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Zhang X, Wang J, Cheng J, Ding S, Li M, Sun S, Zhang L, Liu S, Chen X, Zhuang H, Lu F. An integrated analysis of SOCS1 down-regulation in HBV infection-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Viral Hepat 2014; 21:264-71. [PMID: 23941364 PMCID: PMC4229024 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Persistent inflammation together with genetic/epigenetic aberrations is strongly associated with chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-related hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the alterations of the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) family genes in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 116 patients with HCC were enrolled in this study. The methylation statuses of SOCS1-7 and CISH genes were quantitatively measured and clinicopathological significance of SOCS1 methylation was statistically analysed. The gene copy number variation was assayed by aCGH. Luciferase reporter assay and Western blot were used to detect the involvement of SOCS1 in p53 signalling. We found high frequencies of SOCS1 gene hypermethylation in both tumour (56.03%) and adjacent nontumour tissues (54.31%), but tumour tissues exhibited increased methylation intensity (24.01% vs 13.11%, P < 0.0001), particularly in patients with larger tumour size or cirrhosis background (P < 0.0001). In addition, the frequency and intensity of SOCS1 hypermethylation in tumour tissues were both significantly higher than those in nontumour tissues in male gender patients and in patients ≥45 years old (P = 0.0214 and P < 0.0001, P = 0.0232 and P < 0.0001, respectively). SOCS1 gene deletion was found in 8 of 25 aCGH assayed tumour specimens, which was associated with lower SOCS1 mRNA expression (P = 0.0448). Furthermore, ectopic SOCS1 overexpression could activate the p53 signalling pathway in HCC cell lines. Hypermethylation of SOCS2-7 and CISH genes was seldom found in HCC. Our results suggested that the gene loss and epigenetic silencing of SOCS1 were strongly associated with HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing, China
| | - J Cheng
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing, China
| | - S Ding
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing, China
| | - S Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-DaqingDaqing, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Henan Tumor HospitalZhengzhou, China
| | - S Liu
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing, China,Correspondence: Fengmin Lu, Xiangmei Chen, Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China. E-mail: ;
| | - H Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing, China
| | - F Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing, China,Correspondence: Fengmin Lu, Xiangmei Chen, Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China. E-mail: ;
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92
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DNA methylation: potential biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomark Res 2014; 2:5. [PMID: 24635883 PMCID: PMC4022334 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and it is often associated with poor prognosis. Liver transplantation and resection are two currently available curative therapies. However, most patients cannot be treated with such therapies due to late diagnosis. This underscores the urgent need to identify potential markers that ensure early diagnosis of HCC. As more evidences are suggesting that epigenetic changes contribute hepatocarcinogenesis, DNA methylation was poised as one promising biomarker. Indeed, genome wide profiling reveals that aberrant methylation is frequent event in HCC. Many studies showed that differentially methylated genes and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) status in HCC were associated with clinicopathological data. Some commonly studied hypermethylated genes include p16, SOCS1, GSTP1 and CDH1. In addition, studies have also revealed that methylation markers could be detected in patient blood samples and associated with poor prognosis of the disease. Undeniably, increasing number of methylation markers are being discovered through high throughput genome wide data in recent years. Proper and systematic validation of these candidate markers in prospective cohort is required so that their actual prognostication and surveillance value could be accurately determined. It is hope that in near future, methylation marker could be translate into clinical use, where patients at risk could be diagnosed early and that the progression of disease could be more correctly assessed.
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93
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Conti AD, Kobets T, Escudero-Lourdes C, Montgomery B, Tryndyak V, Beland FA, Doerge DR, Pogribny IP. Dose- and time-dependent epigenetic changes in the livers of Fisher 344 rats exposed to furan. Toxicol Sci 2014; 139:371-80. [PMID: 24614236 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of furan in common cooked foods along with evidence from experimental studies that lifetime exposure to furan causes liver tumors in rats and mice has caused concern to regulatory public health agencies worldwide; however, the mechanisms of the furan-induced hepatocarcinogenicity remain unclear. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether or not long-term exposure to furan causes epigenetic alterations in rat liver. Treating of male Fisher 344 rats by gavage 5 days per week with 0, 0.92, 2.0, or 4.4 mg furan/kg body weight (bw)/day resulted in dose- and time-dependent epigenetic changes consisting of alterations in DNA methylation and histone lysine methylation and acetylation, altered expression of chromatin modifying genes, and gene-specific methylation. Specifically, exposure to furan at doses 0.92, 2.0, or 4.4 mg furan/kg bw/day caused global DNA demethylation after 360 days of treatment. There was also a sustained decrease in the levels of histone H3 lysine 9 and H4 lysine 20 trimethylation after 180 and 360 days of furan exposure, and a marked reduction of histone H3 lysine 9 and H3 lysine 56 acetylation after 360 days at 4.4 mg/kg bw/day. These histone modification changes were accompanied by a reduced expression of Suv39h1, Prdm2, and Suv4-20h2 histone methyltransferases and Ep300 and Kat2a histone acetyltransferases. Additionally, furan at 2.0 and 4.4 mg/kg bw/day induced hypermethylation-dependent down-regulation of the Rassf1a gene in the livers after 180 and 360 days. These findings indicate possible involvement of dose- and time-dependent epigenetic modifications in the furan hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Conti
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079 USA
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94
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Xu B, Nie Y, Liu X, Feng S, Yang Z, Wang Z, Zheng Q, Luo X. Quantitative analysis of APC promoter methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma and its prognostic implications. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1683-1688. [PMID: 24765201 PMCID: PMC3997703 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to quantitatively determine the aberrant methylation signal of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to evaluate whether hypermethylation of the APC promoter could be a prognostic biomarker for HCC. Taqman probe-based quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify the APC promoter methylation levels in 57 HCC and corresponding non-tumorous liver tissues. In the present study, the methylation level of the APC promoter was upregulated by 4.51-fold in the HCC tissues compared with the non-cancerous tissues (P=0.0003). With regard to the clinicopathological data, the methylation level of the APC promoter in the HCC samples was higher in the patients with larger tumors when the cut-off was set at 4 cm (P=0.0008), and in the older patients when the cut-off was set at 60 years old (P=0.0438). However, the methylation status in the HCC samples appeared not to affect the overall patient survival rate (P=0.1684). The findings of the present study showed that APC promoter hypermethylation accumulates during the development of HCC, but that it may not be a promising prognostic biomarker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiying Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai No. 6 People's Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Feng
- Shanxi Province Industry and Trade College, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhili Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai No. 6 People's Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai No. 6 People's Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai No. 6 People's Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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95
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Cui J, Guo YH, Zhang HY, Jiang LL, Ma JQ, Wang WJ, Wang MC, Yang CC, Nan KJ, Song LP. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor is a robust enhancer of anticancer agents against hepatocellular carcinoma multicellular spheroids. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:353-63. [PMID: 24591842 PMCID: PMC3938498 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s56115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Celecoxib, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), was investigated for enhancement of chemotherapeutic efficacy in cancer clinical trials. This study aimed to determine whether celecoxib combined with 5-fluorouracil or sorafenib or gefitinib is beneficial in HepG2 multicellular spheroids (MCSs), as well as elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 MCSs were used as in vitro models to investigate the effects of celecoxib combined with 5-fluorouracil or sorafenib or gefitinib treatment on cell growth, apoptosis, and signaling pathway. Results MCSs showed resistance to drugs compared with monolayer cells. Celecoxib combined with 5-fluorouracil or sorafenib exhibited a synergistic action. Exposure to celecoxib (21.8 μmol/L) plus 5-fluorouracil (8.1 × 10−3 g/L) or sorafenib (4.4 μmol/L) increased apoptosis but exerted no effect on COX2, phosphorylated epidermal growth-factor receptor (p-EGFR) and phosphorylated (p)-AKT expression. Gefitinib (5 μmol/L), which exhibits no growth-inhibition activity as a single agent, increased the inhibitory effect of celecoxib. Gefitinib (5 μmol/L) plus celecoxib (21.8 μmol/L) increased apoptosis. COX2, p-EGFR, and p-AKT were inhibited. Conclusion Celecoxib combined with 5-fluorouracil or sorafenib or gefitinib may be superior to single-agent therapy in HepG2 MCSs. Our results provided molecular evidence to support celecoxib combination-treatment strategies for patients with human hepatocellular carcinoma. MCSs provided a good model to evaluate the interaction of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cui
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Huan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Qun Ma
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Cong Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Jun Nan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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96
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Cheng C, Huang C, Ma TT, Bian EB, He Y, Zhang L, Li J. SOCS1 hypermethylation mediated by DNMT1 is associated with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:488-97. [PMID: 24440346 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages activation which releases the pro-inflammatory cytokines is an essential event in the process of inflammation. SOCS1 has been shown to act as a negative regulator of cytokine signals and plays a key role in the suppression of tissue injury and inflammatory diseases. DNA methylation mediated by specific DNA methyltransferases1 (DNMT1) which contributes to the epigenetic silencing of multiple genes. SOCS1 promoter hypermethylation is by far the best categorized epigenetic change in tumors. Our study with a view to investigate whether the loss of SOCS1 due to SOCS1 promoter methylation was involved in the course of inflammatory cytokines released from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Here, we found that treatment of LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-azadC) reduced aberrant promoter hypermethylation of SOCS1 and prevented the loss of the expression of SOCS1 in macrophages which secret inflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of DNMT1 gene not only attenuated the SOCS1 gene promoter methylation but also up-regulated the expression of SOCS1 in activated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, silencing of DNMT1 prevented the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. These studies demonstrated that DNMT1-mediated SOCS1 hypermethylation caused the loss of SOCS1 expression results in negative regulation of activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, and enhanced the release of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao-Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Er-Bao Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong He
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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97
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Ho SM, Johnson A, Tarapore P, Janakiram V, Zhang X, Leung YK. Environmental epigenetics and its implication on disease risk and health outcomes. ILAR J 2014; 53:289-305. [PMID: 23744968 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.53.3-4.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on how environmental factors through epigenetics modify disease risk and health outcomes. Major epigenetic events, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNA expression, are described. The function of dose, duration, composition, and window of exposure in remodeling the individual's epigenetic terrain and disease susceptibility are addressed. The ideas of lifelong editing of early-life epigenetic memories, transgenerational effects through germline transmission, and the potential role of hydroxylmethylation of cytosine in developmental reprogramming are discussed. Finally, the epigenetic effects of several major classes of environmental factors are reviewed in the context of pathogenesis of disease. These include endocrine disruptors, tobacco smoke, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, infectious pathogens, particulate matter, diesel exhaust particles, dust mites, fungi, heavy metals, and other indoor and outdoor pollutants. We conclude that the summation of epigenetic modifications induced by multiple environmental exposures, accumulated over time, represented as broad or narrow, acute or chronic, developmental or lifelong, may provide a more precise assessment of risk and consequences. Future investigations may focus on their use as readouts or biomarkers of the totality of past exposure for the prediction of future disease risk and the prescription of effective countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk-Mei Ho
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Shimizu D, Kanda M, Nomoto S, Oya H, Takami H, Hibino S, Suenaga M, Inokawa Y, Hishida M, Takano N, Nishikawa Y, Yamada S, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Identification of intragenic methylation in the TUSC1 gene as a novel prognostic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:1305-13. [PMID: 24366000 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a poor prognosis, and novel molecular targets for treating recurrence and progression of the disease along with associated biomarkers are urgently required. In the present study, expression and the regulatory mechanism of TUSC1 (tumor suppressor candidate 1) were investigated to determine if it is a candidate tumor suppressor gene for HCC, which shows repressed transcription that involves aberrant DNA methylation. TUSC1 mRNA expression levels in HCC cell lines and 94 pairs of surgical specimens were determined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Methylation status of HCC cell lines and clinical samples were analyzed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of TUSC1 transcription and the relationship between the methylation status of the TUSC1 gene and clinicopathological factors. The expression and distribution of the TUSC1 protein in liver tissues were determined using immunohistochemistry. A majority of HCC cell lines (89%) and surgical specimens (84%) demonstrated reduced expression levels of TUSC1 mRNA compared with paired non-cancerous liver tissues. The mean mRNA expression level in HCC was significantly lower than in corresponding non-cancerous liver. In contrast, no significant difference was found in TUSC1 mRNA expression level between adjacent normal and cirrhotic liver tissue from HCC patients. The TUSC1 protein expression pattern in HCC and liver tissues was consistent with TUSC1 mRNA expression. Twenty-nine (31%) of 94 patients showed intragenic hypermethylation of the TUSC1 gene in HCC, and hypermethylation was significantly associated with advanced pathological stage. Subsequently, patients with hypermethylation of the TUSC1 gene had a significantly poorer prognosis than patients without hypermethylation. Our results suggest that TUSC1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene and intragenic hypermethylation is one of the suppressive mechanisms that regulate TUSC1 transcription in HCC. Intragenic methylation of the TUSC1 gene may serve as a novel prognostic marker of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisaharu Oya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Soki Hibino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaya Suenaga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Inokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Hishida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nao Takano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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99
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Jain S, Wojdacz TK, Su YH. Challenges for the application of DNA methylation biomarkers in molecular diagnostic testing for cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013; 13:283-94. [PMID: 23570406 DOI: 10.1586/erm.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is ubiquitous in human cancer and has been shown to occur early during carcinogenesis, thus providing attractive potential biomarkers for the early detection of cancer. The introduction of genome-wide DNA methylation analysis comparing tumor and nonmalignant tissues resulted in the discovery of many regions that undergo aberrant methylation during carcinogenesis. Those regions can potentially be used as biomarkers for cancer detection. However, a biomarker will be useful for screening or early detection of cancer only if it can be detected in a noninvasive or minimally invasive fashion without tissue biopsy. The authors discuss the challenges in translating DNA methylation biomarkers to cancer diagnosis - including obstacles in assay development, tissue-specific methylation load on tumor suppressor genes, detecting markers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity in the periphery, and ways in which these obstacles can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 18901, USA
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100
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Tu T, Shackel NA, McCaughan G. "Testing your methyl": DNA methylation profiling of serum DNA of HCC patients. Hepatol Int 2013. [PMID: 26201912 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-013-9444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tu
- Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Shackel
- Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey McCaughan
- Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Liver Injury & Cancer, Centenary Institute, Locked Bag No. 6, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.
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