51
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Takahashi H, Fernández-de-Alba C, Lee D, Maurel V, Gambarelli S, Bardet M, Hediger S, Barra AL, De Paëpe G. Optimization of an absolute sensitivity in a glassy matrix during DNP-enhanced multidimensional solid-state NMR experiments. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 239:91-99. [PMID: 24480716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to instrumental and theoretical development, notably the access to high-power and high-frequency microwave sources, high-field dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) on solid-state NMR currently appears as a promising solution to enhance nuclear magnetization in many different types of systems. In magic-angle-spinning DNP experiments, systems of interest are usually dissolved or suspended in glass-forming matrices doped with polarizing agents and measured at low temperature (down to ∼100K). In this work, we discuss the influence of sample conditions (radical concentration, sample temperature, etc.) on DNP enhancements and various nuclear relaxation times which affect the absolute sensitivity of DNP spectra, especially in multidimensional experiments. Furthermore, DNP-enhanced solid-state NMR experiments performed at 9.4 T are complemented by high-field CW EPR measurements performed at the same magnetic field. Microwave absorption by the DNP glassy matrix is observed even below the glass transition temperature caused by softening of the glass. Shortening of electron relaxation times due to glass softening and its impact in terms of DNP sensitivity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takahashi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, UMR-E3 (CEA/UJF) and CNRS, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Carlos Fernández-de-Alba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, UMR-E3 (CEA/UJF) and CNRS, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Lee
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, UMR-E3 (CEA/UJF) and CNRS, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Maurel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, UMR-E3 (CEA/UJF) and CNRS, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Serge Gambarelli
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, UMR-E3 (CEA/UJF) and CNRS, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Bardet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, UMR-E3 (CEA/UJF) and CNRS, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Hediger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, UMR-E3 (CEA/UJF) and CNRS, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Laure Barra
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Gaël De Paëpe
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, UMR-E3 (CEA/UJF) and CNRS, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France.
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52
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Mao J, Akhmetzyanov D, Ouari O, Denysenkov V, Corzilius B, Plackmeyer J, Tordo P, Prisner TF, Glaubitz C. Host-guest complexes as water-soluble high-performance DNP polarizing agents. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:19275-81. [PMID: 24279469 DOI: 10.1021/ja409840y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhances the sensitivity of solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy by orders of magnitude and, therefore, opens possibilities for novel applications from biology to materials science. This multitude of opportunities implicates a need for high-performance polarizing agents, which integrate specific physical and chemical features tailored for various applications. Here, we demonstrate that for the biradical bTbK in complex with captisol (CAP), a β-cyclodextrin derivative, host-guest assembling offers a new and easily accessible approach for the development of new polarizing agents. In contrast to bTbK, the CAP-bTbK complex is water-soluble and shows significantly improved DNP performance compared to the commonly used DNP agent TOTAPOL. Furthermore, NMR and EPR data reveal improved electron and nuclear spin relaxation properties for bTbK within the host molecule. The numerous possibilities to functionalize host molecules will permit designing novel radical complexes targeting diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafei Mao
- Institutes of Biophysical Chemistry, ‡Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and §Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance BMRZ, Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
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53
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Akbey Ü, Altin B, Linden A, Özçelik S, Gradzielski M, Oschkinat H. Dynamic nuclear polarization of spherical nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:20706-16. [PMID: 24192797 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53095g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spherical silica nanoparticles of various particle sizes (~10 to 100 nm), produced by a modified Stoeber method employing amino acids as catalysts, are investigated using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) enhanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This study includes ultra-sensitive detection of surface-bound amino acids and their supramolecular organization in trace amounts, exploiting the increase in NMR sensitivity of up to three orders of magnitude via DNP. Moreover, the nature of the silicon nuclei on the surface and the bulk silicon nuclei in the core (sub-surface) is characterized at atomic resolution. Thereby, we obtain unique insights into the surface chemistry of these nanoparticles, which might result in improving their rational design as required for promising applications, e.g. as catalysts or imaging contrast agents. The non-covalent binding of amino acids to surfaces was determined which shows that the amino acids not just function as catalysts but become incorporated into the nanoparticles during the formation process. As a result only three distinct Q-types of silica signals were observed from surface and core regions. We observed dramatic changes of DNP enhancements as a function of particle size, and very small particles (which suit in vivo applications better) were hyperpolarized with the best efficiency. Nearly one order of magnitude larger DNP enhancement was observed for nanoparticles with 13 nm size compared to particles with 100 nm size. We determined an approximate DNP penetration-depth (~4.2 or ~5.7 nm) for the polarization transfer from electrons to the nuclei of the spherical nanoparticles. Faster DNP polarization buildup was observed for larger nanoparticles. Efficient hyperpolarization of such nanoparticles, as achieved in this work, can be utilized in applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Akbey
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), NMR Supported Structural Biology, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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54
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Gelis I, Vitzthum V, Dhimole N, Caporini MA, Schedlbauer A, Carnevale D, Connell SR, Fucini P, Bodenhausen G. Solid-state NMR enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization as a novel tool for ribosome structural biology. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2013; 56:85-93. [PMID: 23689811 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-013-9721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The impact of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) on studies of large macromolecular complexes hinges on improvements in sensitivity and resolution. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in the solid state can offer improved sensitivity, provided sample preparation is optimized to preserve spectral resolution. For a few nanomoles of intact ribosomes and an 800 kDa ribosomal complex we demonstrate that the combination of DNP and magic-angle spinning NMR (MAS-NMR) allows one to overcome current sensitivity limitations so that homo- and heteronuclear (13)C and (15)N NMR correlation spectra can be recorded. Ribosome particles, directly pelleted and frozen into an NMR rotor, yield DNP signal enhancements on the order of ~25-fold and spectra that exhibit narrow linewidths, suitable for obtaining site-specific information. We anticipate that the same approach is applicable to other high molecular weight complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Gelis
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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55
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Cheng CY, Han S. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Methods in Solids and Solutions to Explore Membrane Proteins and Membrane Systems. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2013; 64:507-32. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040412-110028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins regulate vital cellular processes, including signaling, ion transport, and vesicular trafficking. Obtaining experimental access to their structures, conformational fluctuations, orientations, locations, and hydration in membrane environments, as well as the lipid membrane properties, is critical to understanding their functions. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of frozen solids can dramatically boost the sensitivity of current solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance tools to enhance access to membrane protein structures in native membrane environments. Overhauser DNP in the solution state can map out the local and site-specific hydration dynamics landscape of membrane proteins and lipid membranes, critically complementing the structural and dynamics information obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Here, we provide an overview of how DNP methods in solids and solutions can significantly increase our understanding of membrane protein structures, dynamics, functions, and hydration in complex biological membrane environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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56
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Takahashi H, Ayala I, Bardet M, De Paëpe G, Simorre JP, Hediger S. Solid-State NMR on Bacterial Cells: Selective Cell Wall Signal Enhancement and Resolution Improvement using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5105-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312501d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takahashi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique
et Biologique, UMR-E3 (CEA/UJF) and CNRS, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabel Ayala
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR5075 (CEA/CNRS/UJF), 38027 Grenoble,
France
| | - Michel Bardet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique
et Biologique, UMR-E3 (CEA/UJF) and CNRS, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Gaël De Paëpe
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique
et Biologique, UMR-E3 (CEA/UJF) and CNRS, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Simorre
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR5075 (CEA/CNRS/UJF), 38027 Grenoble,
France
| | - Sabine Hediger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique
et Biologique, UMR-E3 (CEA/UJF) and CNRS, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
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57
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Improved Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Surface-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy through Controlled Incorporation of Deuterated Functional Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zagdoun A, Rossini AJ, Conley MP, Grüning WR, Schwarzwälder M, Lelli M, Franks WT, Oschkinat H, Copéret C, Emsley L, Lesage A. Improved dynamic nuclear polarization surface-enhanced NMR spectroscopy through controlled incorporation of deuterated functional groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1222-5. [PMID: 23293096 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Zagdoun
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS/UCB Lyon 1), 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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59
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Kobayashi T, Lafon O, Lilly Thankamony AS, Slowing II, Kandel K, Carnevale D, Vitzthum V, Vezin H, Amoureux JP, Bodenhausen G, Pruski M. Analysis of sensitivity enhancement by dynamic nuclear polarization in solid-state NMR: a case study of functionalized mesoporous materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:5553-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp00039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most commonly used spectroscopic techniques to obtain information on the structure and dynamics of biological and chemical materials. A variety of samples can be studied including solutions, crystalline solids, powders and hydrated protein extracts. However, biological NMR spectroscopy is limited to concentrated samples, typically in the millimolar range, due to its intrinsic low sensitivity compared to other techniques such as fluorescence or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a method that increases the sensitivity of NMR by several orders of magnitude. It exploits a polarization transfer from unpaired electrons to neighboring nuclei which leads to an absolute increase of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). Consequently, biological samples with much lower concentrations can now be studied in hours or days compared to several weeks.This chapter will explain the different types of DNP enhanced NMR experiments, focusing primarily on solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) DNP, its applications, and possible means of improvement.
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61
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Lafon O, Thankamony ASL, Rosay M, Aussenac F, Lu X, Trébosc J, Bout-Roumazeilles V, Vezin H, Amoureux JP. Indirect and direct29Si dynamic nuclear polarization of dispersed nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2864-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy proved to be a versatile tool for characterization of structure and dynamics of complex biochemical systems. In particular, magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR came to maturity for application towards structural elucidation of biological macromolecules. Current challenges in applying solid-state NMR as well as progress achieved recently will be discussed in the following chapter focusing on conceptual aspects important for structural elucidation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Müller
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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63
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Matsuki Y, Ueda K, Idehara T, Ikeda R, Ogawa I, Nakamura S, Toda M, Anai T, Fujiwara T. Helium-cooling and -spinning dynamic nuclear polarization for sensitivity-enhanced solid-state NMR at 14 T and 30 K. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2012; 225:1-9. [PMID: 23079589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a (1)H polarization enhancement via dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at very low sample temperature T≈30 K under magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions for sensitivity-enhanced solid-state NMR measurement. Experiments were conducted at a high external field strength of 14.1 T. For MAS DNP experiments at T<<90 K, a new probe system using cold helium gas for both sample-cooling and -spinning was developed. The novel system can sustain a low sample temperature between 30 and 90K for a period of time >10 h under MAS at ν(R)≈3 kHz with liquid He consumption of ≈6 L/h. As a microwave source, we employed a high-power, continuously frequency-tunable gyrotron. At T≈34 K, (1)H DNP enhancement factors of 47 and 23 were observed with and without MAS, respectively. On the basis of these observations, a discussion on the total NMR sensitivity that takes into account the effect of sample temperature and external field strength used in DNP experiments is presented. It was determined that the use of low sample temperature and high external field is generally rewarding for the total sensitivity, in spite of the slower polarization buildup at lower temperature and lower DNP efficiency at higher field. These findings highlight the potential of the current continuous-wave DNP technique also at very high field conditions suitable to analyze large and complex systems, such as biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Matsuki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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64
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Rossini AJ, Zagdoun A, Hegner F, Schwarzwälder M, Gajan D, Copéret C, Lesage A, Emsley L. Dynamic nuclear polarization NMR spectroscopy of microcrystalline solids. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16899-908. [PMID: 22967206 DOI: 10.1021/ja308135r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid-state NMR has been applied to powdered microcrystalline solids to obtain sensitivity enhancements on the order of 100. Glucose, sulfathiazole, and paracetamol were impregnated with bis-nitroxide biradical (bis-cyclohexyl-TEMPO-bisketal, bCTbK) solutions of organic solvents. The organic solvents were carefully chosen to be nonsolvents for the compounds, so that DNP-enhanced solid-state NMR spectra of the unaltered solids could be acquired. A theoretical model is presented that illustrates that for externally doped organic solids characterized by long spin-lattice relaxation times (T(1)((1)H) > 200 s), (1)H-(1)H spin diffusion can relay enhanced polarization over micrometer length scales yielding substantial DNP enhancements (ε). ε on the order of 60 are obtained for microcrystalline glucose and sulfathiazole at 9.4 T and with temperatures of ca. 105 K. The large gain in sensitivity enables the rapid acquisition of (13)C-(13)C correlation spectra at natural isotopic abundance. It is anticipated that this will be a general method for enhancing the sensitivity of solid-state NMR experiments of organic solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Rossini
- Centre de RMN a Tres Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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