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Taylor HS, Giudice LC, Lessey BA, Abrao MS, Kotarski J, Archer DF, Diamond MP, Surrey E, Johnson NP, Watts NB, Gallagher JC, Simon JA, Carr BR, Dmowski WP, Leyland N, Rowan JP, Duan WR, Ng J, Schwefel B, Thomas JW, Jain RI, Chwalisz K. Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Pain with Elagolix, an Oral GnRH Antagonist. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:28-40. [PMID: 28525302 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1700089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent condition that causes dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain. Elagolix, an oral, nonpeptide, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, produced partial to nearly full estrogen suppression in previous studies. METHODS We performed two similar, double-blind, randomized, 6-month phase 3 trials (Elaris Endometriosis I and II [EM-I and EM-II]) to evaluate the effects of two doses of elagolix - 150 mg once daily (lower-dose group) and 200 mg twice daily (higher-dose group) - as compared with placebo in women with surgically diagnosed endometriosis and moderate or severe endometriosis-associated pain. The two primary efficacy end points were the proportion of women who had a clinical response with respect to dysmenorrhea and the proportion who had a clinical response with respect to nonmenstrual pelvic pain at 3 months. Each of these end points was measured as a clinically meaningful reduction in the pain score and a decreased or stable use of rescue analgesic agents, as recorded in a daily electronic diary. RESULTS A total of 872 women underwent randomization in Elaris EM-I and 817 in Elaris EM-II; of these women, 653 (74.9%) and 632 (77.4%), respectively, completed the intervention. At 3 months, a significantly greater proportion of women who received each elagolix dose met the clinical response criteria for the two primary end points than did those who received placebo. In Elaris EM-I, the percentage of women who had a clinical response with respect to dysmenorrhea was 46.4% in the lower-dose elagolix group and 75.8% in the higher-dose elagolix group, as compared with 19.6% in the placebo group; in Elaris EM-II, the corresponding percentages were 43.4% and 72.4%, as compared with 22.7% (P<0.001 for all comparisons). In Elaris EM-I, the percentage of women who had a clinical response with respect to nonmenstrual pelvic pain was 50.4% in the lower-dose elagolix group and 54.5% in the higher-dose elagolix group, as compared with 36.5% in the placebo group (P<0.001 for all comparisons); in Elaris EM-II, the corresponding percentages were 49.8% and 57.8%, as compared with 36.5% (P=0.003 and P<0.001, respectively). The responses with respect to dysmenorrhea and nonmenstrual pelvic pain were sustained at 6 months. Women who received elagolix had higher rates of hot flushes (mostly mild or moderate), higher levels of serum lipids, and greater decreases from baseline in bone mineral density than did those who received placebo; there were no adverse endometrial findings. CONCLUSIONS Both higher and lower doses of elagolix were effective in improving dysmenorrhea and nonmenstrual pelvic pain during a 6-month period in women with endometriosis-associated pain. The two doses of elagolix were associated with hypoestrogenic adverse effects. (Funded by AbbVie; Elaris EM-I and EM-II ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01620528 and NCT01931670 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh S Taylor
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Linda C Giudice
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Bruce A Lessey
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Mauricio S Abrao
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Jan Kotarski
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - David F Archer
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Michael P Diamond
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Eric Surrey
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Neil P Johnson
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Nelson B Watts
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - J Chris Gallagher
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - James A Simon
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Bruce R Carr
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - W Paul Dmowski
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Nicholas Leyland
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Jean P Rowan
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - W Rachel Duan
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Juki Ng
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Brittany Schwefel
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - James W Thomas
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Rita I Jain
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Kristof Chwalisz
- From Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.S.T.); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (L.C.G.); Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC (B.A.L.); University of São Paulo and Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo (M.S.A.); Medical University, Lublin, Poland (J.K.); Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (D.F.A.); Augusta University, Augusta, GA (M.P.D.); Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree (E.S.); Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (N.P.J.); Repromed Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (N.P.J.); Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati (N.B.W.); Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE (J.C.G.); George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.A.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.C.); Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook (W.P.D.), and AbbVie, North Chicago (J.P.R., W.R.D., J.N., B.S., J.W.T., R.I.J., K.C.) - both in Illinois; and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (N.L.)
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